野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉营养品质的比较分析
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摘要
对黑斑蛙肌肉一般营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素进行测定,旨在比较分析野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉的营养品质。试验结果表明,养殖黑斑蛙肌肉粗蛋白与粗脂肪含量高于野生黑斑蛙,水分含量则低于野生黑斑蛙,但两者间差异不显著(P>0.05);野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉除谷氨酸和酪氨酸外的氨基酸含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05);野生黑斑蛙肌肉的总氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量高于养殖黑斑蛙。根据氨基酸评分和化学评分结果,野生和养殖黑斑蛙肌肉中赖氨酸含量相对较高,第一限制性氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,必需氨基酸指数分别为70.25和72.42。野生黑斑蛙饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于养殖黑斑蛙(P<0.05),而养殖黑斑蛙肌肉的多不饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、n-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量均高于野生黑斑蛙(P>0.05)。野生与养殖黑斑蛙肌肉14种矿物元素中,锌、铝和硒含量有显著差异(P<0.05),重金属元素(砷、镉、铅)含量均在限量范围以内。由此可知,养殖黑斑蛙营养组成价值接近于野生黑斑蛙。
This study was conducted to compare the muscle nutrition quality between wild and farmed black-spotted frog Rana nigromaculata, in terms of proximate nutrient, composition of amino acids and fatty acids and mineral content. The results showed that the farmed black spotted frog had higher crude protein and crude lipid content and lower moisture content than wild species did, without significant differences in both groups(P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of almost all amino acids(P>0.05), whereas the contents of glutamic acid and tyrosine were significantly different between the wild and the cultured black spotted frog(P<0.05). Furthermore, wild black spotted frog had higher concentration of total amino acids(TAA), non essential amino acids(NEAA), and delicious amino acids(DAA) than cultured species did. The amino acid score(ASS) and chemical score(CS) revealed that the lysine content in muscle of wild and farmed frog was relative richer, with the first limiting amino acids Met+Cys, and essential amino acid indices(EAAI) of 70.25 and 72.42, respectively. The percentages of total saturated fatty acids(SFAs) were significantly higher in wild frog than in cultured frog(P<0.05). However, cultured black spotted frog had higher total polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs), essential fatty acids(EFA), eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA), docosahexaenoic acid(DHA), and n-3 and n-6 PUFAs than wild species did. Among the fourteen minerals analyzed in frog flesh, significant differences existed between wild and farmed black spotted frog in Zn, Al and Se contents. Moreover, toxic trace minerals(As, Cd and Pb) were all found in amounts below their toxic levels. In conclusion, the cultured black spotted frog had as valuable chemical composition as the wild frog. The findings will be useful for establishment of the dietary requirements for culture of black-spotted frog Rana nigromaculata.
This study was conducted to compare the muscle nutrition quality between wild and farmed black-spotted frog Rana nigromaculata, in terms of proximate nutrient, composition of amino acids and fatty acids and mineral content. The results showed that the farmed black spotted frog had higher crude protein and crude lipid content and lower moisture content than wild species did, without significant differences in both groups(P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of almost all amino acids(P>0.05), whereas the contents of glutamic acid and tyrosine were significantly different between the wild and the cultured black spotted frog(P<0.05). Furthermore, wild black spotted frog had higher concentration of total amino acids(TAA), non essential amino acids(NEAA), and delicious amino acids(DAA) than cultured species did. The amino acid score(ASS) and chemical score(CS) revealed that the lysine content in muscle of wild and farmed frog was relative richer, with the first limiting amino acids Met+Cys, and essential amino acid indices(EAAI) of 70.25 and 72.42, respectively. The percentages of total saturated fatty acids(SFAs) were significantly higher in wild frog than in cultured frog(P<0.05). However, cultured black spotted frog had higher total polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs), essential fatty acids(EFA), eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA), docosahexaenoic acid(DHA), and n-3 and n-6 PUFAs than wild species did. Among the fourteen minerals analyzed in frog flesh, significant differences existed between wild and farmed black spotted frog in Zn, Al and Se contents. Moreover, toxic trace minerals(As, Cd and Pb) were all found in amounts below their toxic levels. In conclusion, the cultured black spotted frog had as valuable chemical composition as the wild frog. The findings will be useful for establishment of the dietary requirements for culture of black-spotted frog Rana nigromaculata.
引文
[1] 杨玉慧,张德兴,李义明,等.中国黑斑蛙种群的线粒体DNA多样性和生物地理演化过程的初探[J].动物学报,2004,50(2):193-201.
[2] 武正军,李义明.两栖类种群数量下降原因及保护对策[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(1):140-146.
[3] 刘海锋.黑斑蛙繁殖经营本月放开办证[N].长江日报,2017-08-24(07).
[4] 庞涛.又一品种成华中地区新风口!一场会议汇聚科研、饲料、动保、养殖,黑斑蛙大有崛起之势[J].当代水产,2018(1):74-75.
[5] 当代水产编辑部.黑斑蛙养殖前景看好,同时也存在不少隐忧[J].当代水产,2018(1):79-81.
[6] 葛雅楠,李圆圆,张银凤,等.黑斑蛙变态过程中甲状腺发育及甲状腺激素分泌[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(4):714-719.
[7] Gong J,Lan H,Fang S G,et al.Development and characterization of 13 polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers for the pond green frog (Rana nigromaculata) [J].Journal of Genetics,2010,89(1):120-123.
[8] 谭磊,王爱兵,周湘,等.基于ITS基因分析黑斑蛙裂头蚴种系发育关系[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(10):1924-1927.
[9] 曹慧,施蔡雷,贾秀英.镉暴露对黑斑蛙精巢ROS的诱导及其蛋白质氧化损伤作用机理[J].生态学报,2012,32(13):4199-4206.
[10] 边高鹏,刘瑞祥.漳泽水库水体污染对黑斑蛙蝌蚪遗传毒性的野外调查研究[J].生态毒理学报,2014,9(6):1126-1132.
[11] Folch J,Lees M,Stanley G H.A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues [J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1957,226(1):497-509.
[12] FAO/WHO.Energy and protein requirements:report of a joint FAO/WHO ad hoc expert committee [R].Rome:FAO Nutrition Meeting Reports Series,1973:40-73.
[13] 宋超,庄平,章龙珍,等.野生及人工养殖中华鲟幼鱼肌肉营养成分的比较[J].动物学报,2007,53(3):502-510.
[14] Fehily A M,Pickering J E,Yarnell J W G,et al.Dietary indices of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity and ischaemic heart disease risk:the caerphilly prospective study [J].British Journal of Nutrition,1994,71(2):249-257.
[15] Cagiltay F,Erkan N,Selcuk A,et al.Chemical composition of wild and cultured marsh frog (Rana ridibunda)[J].Bulgarian Journal of Agriculture Science,2014,20(5):1250-1254.
[16] 朱炳全.棘胸蛙营养成分的分析[J].动物学杂志,2000,35(3):31-32.
[17] Ozogul F,Ozogul Y,Olgunoglu A I,et al.Comparison of fatty acid,mineral and proximate composition of body and legs of edible frog (Rana esculenta) [J].International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition,2008,59(7/8):558-565.
[18] 赵桂华,梁悦,王宇,等.中国林蛙肉的营养成分分析与评价[J].营养学报,2007,29(6):623-624.
[19] 韩登保,陆源,王达瑞,等.牛蛙的营养成份[J].动物学研究,1991,12(2):161-162.
[20] 温安祥,曾静康,刘昌宇.棘腹蛙肌肉中氨基酸含量的初步测定[J].四川农业大学学报,2001,19(1):97-99.
[21] 何湘蓉,王晓清,范武江,等.桑植趾沟蛙的生物学特性及营养成分分析[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2008,34(4):482-484.
[22] 刘丽,刘楚吾,林东年,等.泰国虎纹蛙与中国虎纹蛙肌肉的营养成分比较[J].水利渔业,2008,28(3):64-66.
[23] 盛晓风,孙晓杰,丁海燕,等.七种养殖淡水鱼类肌肉营养组成及对比研究[J].食品工业科技,2016,37(3):359-363.
[24] 于久翔,高小强,韩岑,等.野生和养殖红鳍东方鲀营养品质的比较分析[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(9):2987-2997.
[25] Zhao F,Zhuang P,Zhang L Z,et al.Biochemical composition of juvenile cultured vs.wild silver pomfret,Pampus argenteus:determining the diet for cultured fish [J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2010,36(4):1105-1111.
[26] 程汉良,蒋飞,彭永兴,等.野生与养殖草鱼肌肉营养成分比较分析[J].食品科学,2013,34(13):266-270.
[27] 耿宝荣,戴聪杰.虎纹蛙蛙肉和蛙皮的营养成分分析与评价[J].营养学报,2004,26(5):403-405.
[28] 赵叶,周小秋,胡肄,等.饲料中添加谷氨酸对生长中期草鱼肌肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(11):3452-3460.
[29] Pellett P L,Young V R.Nutritional evaluation of protein foods [M].Tokyo:The United National University Press,1980:26-29.
[30] 张丽,高聆,梁军,等.棕榈酸对胰岛的脂毒性及非诺贝特的保护作用[J].中华内分泌代谢杂志,2005,21(2):155-157.
[31] 宫勋,李红今,张莉,等.池沼公鱼肌肉中脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析[J].吉林化工学院学报,2013,30(11):93-95.
[32] 梁琍,桂庆平,冉辉,等.野生与养殖黄颡鱼鱼卵的营养成分比较[J].水产科学,2016,35(5):522-527.
[33] 徐善良,王丹丽,徐继林,等.3种鲳属鱼不同组织脂肪酸组成的比较研究[J].生物学杂志,2012,29(6):53-58.
[34] 中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:650-660.
[35] 段叶辉,李凤娜,李丽立,等.n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例对机体生理功能的调节[J].天然产物研究与开发,2014(4):626-631.
[36] 朱成科,朱龙,黄辉,等.野生与养殖岩原鲤肌肉营养成分的比较分析[J].营养学报,2017,39(2):203-205.
[37] 马旭婷,钱攀,戴志远.美国鳙鱼和鲢鱼的营养成分分析与评价[J].中国食品学报,2016,16(11):273-280.
[38] Roy P K,Lall S P.Mineral nutrition of haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus (L.):a comparison of wild and cultured stock [J].Journal of Fish Biology,2010,68(5):1460-1472.
[2] 武正军,李义明.两栖类种群数量下降原因及保护对策[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(1):140-146.
[3] 刘海锋.黑斑蛙繁殖经营本月放开办证[N].长江日报,2017-08-24(07).
[4] 庞涛.又一品种成华中地区新风口!一场会议汇聚科研、饲料、动保、养殖,黑斑蛙大有崛起之势[J].当代水产,2018(1):74-75.
[5] 当代水产编辑部.黑斑蛙养殖前景看好,同时也存在不少隐忧[J].当代水产,2018(1):79-81.
[6] 葛雅楠,李圆圆,张银凤,等.黑斑蛙变态过程中甲状腺发育及甲状腺激素分泌[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(4):714-719.
[7] Gong J,Lan H,Fang S G,et al.Development and characterization of 13 polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers for the pond green frog (Rana nigromaculata) [J].Journal of Genetics,2010,89(1):120-123.
[8] 谭磊,王爱兵,周湘,等.基于ITS基因分析黑斑蛙裂头蚴种系发育关系[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(10):1924-1927.
[9] 曹慧,施蔡雷,贾秀英.镉暴露对黑斑蛙精巢ROS的诱导及其蛋白质氧化损伤作用机理[J].生态学报,2012,32(13):4199-4206.
[10] 边高鹏,刘瑞祥.漳泽水库水体污染对黑斑蛙蝌蚪遗传毒性的野外调查研究[J].生态毒理学报,2014,9(6):1126-1132.
[11] Folch J,Lees M,Stanley G H.A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues [J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1957,226(1):497-509.
[12] FAO/WHO.Energy and protein requirements:report of a joint FAO/WHO ad hoc expert committee [R].Rome:FAO Nutrition Meeting Reports Series,1973:40-73.
[13] 宋超,庄平,章龙珍,等.野生及人工养殖中华鲟幼鱼肌肉营养成分的比较[J].动物学报,2007,53(3):502-510.
[14] Fehily A M,Pickering J E,Yarnell J W G,et al.Dietary indices of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity and ischaemic heart disease risk:the caerphilly prospective study [J].British Journal of Nutrition,1994,71(2):249-257.
[15] Cagiltay F,Erkan N,Selcuk A,et al.Chemical composition of wild and cultured marsh frog (Rana ridibunda)[J].Bulgarian Journal of Agriculture Science,2014,20(5):1250-1254.
[16] 朱炳全.棘胸蛙营养成分的分析[J].动物学杂志,2000,35(3):31-32.
[17] Ozogul F,Ozogul Y,Olgunoglu A I,et al.Comparison of fatty acid,mineral and proximate composition of body and legs of edible frog (Rana esculenta) [J].International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition,2008,59(7/8):558-565.
[18] 赵桂华,梁悦,王宇,等.中国林蛙肉的营养成分分析与评价[J].营养学报,2007,29(6):623-624.
[19] 韩登保,陆源,王达瑞,等.牛蛙的营养成份[J].动物学研究,1991,12(2):161-162.
[20] 温安祥,曾静康,刘昌宇.棘腹蛙肌肉中氨基酸含量的初步测定[J].四川农业大学学报,2001,19(1):97-99.
[21] 何湘蓉,王晓清,范武江,等.桑植趾沟蛙的生物学特性及营养成分分析[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2008,34(4):482-484.
[22] 刘丽,刘楚吾,林东年,等.泰国虎纹蛙与中国虎纹蛙肌肉的营养成分比较[J].水利渔业,2008,28(3):64-66.
[23] 盛晓风,孙晓杰,丁海燕,等.七种养殖淡水鱼类肌肉营养组成及对比研究[J].食品工业科技,2016,37(3):359-363.
[24] 于久翔,高小强,韩岑,等.野生和养殖红鳍东方鲀营养品质的比较分析[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(9):2987-2997.
[25] Zhao F,Zhuang P,Zhang L Z,et al.Biochemical composition of juvenile cultured vs.wild silver pomfret,Pampus argenteus:determining the diet for cultured fish [J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2010,36(4):1105-1111.
[26] 程汉良,蒋飞,彭永兴,等.野生与养殖草鱼肌肉营养成分比较分析[J].食品科学,2013,34(13):266-270.
[27] 耿宝荣,戴聪杰.虎纹蛙蛙肉和蛙皮的营养成分分析与评价[J].营养学报,2004,26(5):403-405.
[28] 赵叶,周小秋,胡肄,等.饲料中添加谷氨酸对生长中期草鱼肌肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(11):3452-3460.
[29] Pellett P L,Young V R.Nutritional evaluation of protein foods [M].Tokyo:The United National University Press,1980:26-29.
[30] 张丽,高聆,梁军,等.棕榈酸对胰岛的脂毒性及非诺贝特的保护作用[J].中华内分泌代谢杂志,2005,21(2):155-157.
[31] 宫勋,李红今,张莉,等.池沼公鱼肌肉中脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析[J].吉林化工学院学报,2013,30(11):93-95.
[32] 梁琍,桂庆平,冉辉,等.野生与养殖黄颡鱼鱼卵的营养成分比较[J].水产科学,2016,35(5):522-527.
[33] 徐善良,王丹丽,徐继林,等.3种鲳属鱼不同组织脂肪酸组成的比较研究[J].生物学杂志,2012,29(6):53-58.
[34] 中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:650-660.
[35] 段叶辉,李凤娜,李丽立,等.n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例对机体生理功能的调节[J].天然产物研究与开发,2014(4):626-631.
[36] 朱成科,朱龙,黄辉,等.野生与养殖岩原鲤肌肉营养成分的比较分析[J].营养学报,2017,39(2):203-205.
[37] 马旭婷,钱攀,戴志远.美国鳙鱼和鲢鱼的营养成分分析与评价[J].中国食品学报,2016,16(11):273-280.
[38] Roy P K,Lall S P.Mineral nutrition of haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus (L.):a comparison of wild and cultured stock [J].Journal of Fish Biology,2010,68(5):1460-1472.