直流断路器用快速开关多场联合仿真优化方法
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摘要
高速机械开关是混合式高压直流断路器中的关键部件,多采用电磁斥力机构,整个运动过程涉及多物理场耦合,现阶段单一电磁场仿真并不能准确的反应开关的分闸反弹和和合闸弹跳等运动特性,开展了电磁场与机械系统动力学联合仿真的研究。首先,设计了一种基于双稳态弹簧保持机构和电磁斥力机构的高速真空机械开关;其次,提出了一种能够全面反应快速开关动态特性的电磁场与机械动力学联合仿真方法;最后,建立了高速机械开关仿真模型,仿真分析了线圈、金属盘、储能电容等参数对快速开关分/合闸运动及碰撞特性的影响并进行了优化设计。优化结果表明,所设计的高速机械开关分闸在2 ms内运动20 mm全行程。该文的优化设计方法为混合式直流断路器快速机械开关优化设计提供理论指导,对于其他快速机械开关设计也有参考价值。
As the key component of hybrid HVDC circuit breaker, high-speed mechanical switch(HSMS) is mostly driven by electromagnetic repulsion mechanism(ERM). Because the whole motion process involves multi physical field coupling, the single electromagnetic simulation at present can not accurately reflect the movement characteristics of opening rebound and closing bounce. Consequently, the joint simulation of electromagnetic field and mechanical system dynamics is carried out. First, an HSMS based on bistable spring holding mechanism and ERM is designed. Secondly, a joint simulation method of electromagnetic field and mechanical dynamics that can fully respond to HSMS dynamic characteristics is proposed. Finally, the simulation model of HSMS is set up, and the influences of the parameters of coil, metal plate and capacitance on HSMS movement and impact characteristics are simulated and analyzed, and the optimal design is carried out. The optimization results show that the HSMS designed in this paper can move the 20 mm full stroke in 2 ms. The optimization design method provides theoretical guidance for the optimization design of the HSMS of the Hybrid DC circuit breaker, and is also of reference value for the other fast switch design.
As the key component of hybrid HVDC circuit breaker, high-speed mechanical switch(HSMS) is mostly driven by electromagnetic repulsion mechanism(ERM). Because the whole motion process involves multi physical field coupling, the single electromagnetic simulation at present can not accurately reflect the movement characteristics of opening rebound and closing bounce. Consequently, the joint simulation of electromagnetic field and mechanical system dynamics is carried out. First, an HSMS based on bistable spring holding mechanism and ERM is designed. Secondly, a joint simulation method of electromagnetic field and mechanical dynamics that can fully respond to HSMS dynamic characteristics is proposed. Finally, the simulation model of HSMS is set up, and the influences of the parameters of coil, metal plate and capacitance on HSMS movement and impact characteristics are simulated and analyzed, and the optimal design is carried out. The optimization results show that the HSMS designed in this paper can move the 20 mm full stroke in 2 ms. The optimization design method provides theoretical guidance for the optimization design of the HSMS of the Hybrid DC circuit breaker, and is also of reference value for the other fast switch design.
引文
[1]徐政,刘高任,张哲任.柔性直流输电网的故障保护原理研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):1-8.XUZheng,LIUGaoren,ZHANGZheren.Researchonfaultprotection principle of DC grids[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43(1):1-8.
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[4]李斌,何佳伟,冯亚东,等.多端柔性直流电网保护关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):2-12.LI Bin, HE Jiawei, FENG Yadong, et al. Key techniques for protection ofmulti-terminalflexibleDCgrid[J].AutomationofElectricPower Systems, 2016, 40(21):2-12.
[5]张文亮,汤涌,曾南超.多端高压直流输电技术及应用前景[J].电网技术,2010,34(9):1-6.ZHANGWenliang,TANGYong,ZENGNanchao.Multi-terminal HVDC transmission technologies and its application prospects in China[J]. Power System Technology, 2010, 34(9):1-6.
[6]HAFNER J, JACOBSON B. Proactive Hybrid HVDC breakers-A key innovationforreliableHVDCgrids[C]∥TheElectricPowerSystem oftheFutureIntegratingSuperGridsandMicro-gridsInternational Symposium. Bologna, Italy:IEEE, 2011:264-273.
[7]TOKUYAMS,ARIMATAUK,YOSHIOKAY,etal.Development and interrupting teats on 250 kV 8 kA HVDC circuit breaker[J]. IEEE TransactionsonPowerApparatusandSystems,1985,104(3):2453-2459.
[8]张祖安,黎小林,陈名,等.应用于南澳多端柔性直流工程中的高压直流断路器关键技术参数研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(8):2417-2422.ZHANGZu’an,LIXiaolin,CHENMing,etal.Researchoncritical technical parameters of HVDC circuit breakers applied in Nan’ao multi-terminalVSC-HVDCproject[J].PowerSystemTechnology,2017,41(8):2417-2422.
[9]李炼炼,蔡炜,杨黎明,等.舟山柔性直流输电工程的直流电缆操作过电压计算与分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(11):3645-3652.LILianlian,CAIWei,YANGLiming,etal.Switchingovervoltage calculationandanalysisofDCcablesforZhoushanflexibleDC transmissionproject[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2017,43(11):3645-3652.
[10]CALLAVIK M, BLOMBERG A, HAFNER J, et al. Finally a practical HVDC breaker[J]. Mondern Power System, 2013, 33(1):35-39.
[11]卢彦辉,荣命哲,韩国辉,等.高速电磁斥力机构运动特性影响因素研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(8):29-34.LU Yanhui, RONG Mingzhe, HAN Guohui, et al. Research on the influencingfactorsofmotioncharacteristicsofhighspeed electromagneticrepulsionmechanism[J].HighVoltageApparatus,2015, 51(8):29-34.
[12]黄瑜珑,张祖安,温伟杰,等.高压直流断路器中电磁斥力快速驱动器研究[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3171-3178.HUANG Yulong, ZHANG Zu’an, WEN Weijie, et al. Research on an ultrafast driver for HVDC circuit breaker with electromagnetic repulsionmechanism[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2014,40(10):3171-3178.
[13]武瑾,庄劲武,王晨,等.电磁斥力机构数学模型的简化与求解[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(24):175-182.WU Jin, ZHUANG Jinwu, WANG Chen, et al. Simplification and solutionofthemathematicalmodeltoelectromagneticrepulsion mechanism[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(24):175-182.
[14]高阳,贺之渊,王成昊,等.一种新型混合式直流断路器[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1320-1325.GAO Yang, HE Zhiyuan, WANG Chenghao, et al. A new hybrid circuitbreakerforDC-application[J].PowerSystemTechnology,2016,40(5):1320-1325.
[15]袁召,喻新林,魏晓光,等.线圈型电磁斥力机构综合优化[J].高电压技术,2015,41(12):4207-4212.YUAN Zhao, YU Xinlin, WEI Xiaoguang, et al. Comprehensive optimizationofcoil-coilelectromagneticrepulsiveactuators[J].High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(12):4207-4212.
[16]史宗谦,贾申利,朱天胜,等.真空直流断路器高速操动机构的研究[J].高压电器,2010,46(3):18-22.SHIZongqian,JIAShenli,ZHUTiansheng,etal.Investigationson high-speedactuatorofvacuumDCcircuitbreaker[J].HighVoltage Apparatus, 2010, 46(3):18-22.
[17]艾绍贵,李秀广,杜玮,等.基于永磁斥力机构的真空快速开关的研究[J].高压电器,2017,53(2):54-60.AI Shaogui, LI Xiuguang, DU Wei, et al. Study on high speed vacuum switchbasedonpermanentmagneticrepulsionmechanism[J].High Voltage Apparatus, 2017, 53(2):54-60.
[18]TANY,KUNY,XIANGB,etal.Repulsionmechanismappliedin resistive-typesuperconductingfaultcurrentlimiter[J].IEEETransactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, 26(6):56020096.
[19]MAGNUSSON J, BISSAL A, ENGDAHL G, et al. Design aspects of a medium voltage hybrid DC breaker[C]∥IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe. New York, USA:IEEE, 2014.
[20]LU W X, OOI B T. Multiterminal LVDC system for optimal acquisitionofpowerinwind-farmusinginductiongenerators[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2002, 17(4):558-563.
[21]田宇,朱苛娄,许家源,等. 10 kV快速分相断路器样机研制[J].电网技术,2015,39(8):2346-2350.TIANYu,ZHUKelou,XUJiayuan,etal.Developmentof10k V high-speedvacuumbreakerprototype[J].PowerSystemTechnology,2015, 39(8):2346-2350.
[22]周万迪,魏晓光,高冲,等.基于晶闸管的混合型无弧高压直流断路器[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(18):2990-2996.ZHOUWandi,WEIXiaoguang,GAOChong,etal.Thyristorbased hybrid arc-less high voltage direct current circuit breaker[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(18):2990-2996.
[23]吕玮,王文杰,,方太勋,等.混合式高压直流断路器试验技术[J].高电压技术,2018,44(5):1685-1691.LüWei, WANG Wenjie, FANG Taixun, et al. Test technology of hybrid HVDC circuit breaker[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2018, 44(5):1685-1691.
[24]吴文耿,方春恩,陈军平,等.超快速隔离开关电磁斥力机构设计及试验研究[J].高压电器,2017,53(4):156-163.WU Wengeng, FANG Chunen, CHEN Junping, et al. Design and experimental study on electromagnetic repulsion mechanism of ultra-fast disconnect switch[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2017, 53(4):156-163.
[2]汤广福,罗湘,魏晓光.多端直流输电与直流电网技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(10):8-17.TANG Guangfu, LUO Xiang, WEI Xiaoguang. Multi-terminal HVDC andDC-gridtechnology[J].ProceedingsoftheCSEE,2013,33(10):8-17.
[3]吴金龙,刘欣和,王先为,等.多端柔性直流输电系统直流电压混合控制策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(6):1593-1599.WU Jinlong, LIU Xinhe, WANG Xianwei, et al. Research of DC voltage hybrid control strategy for VSC-MTDC system[J]. Power System Technology, 2015, 39(6):1593-1599.
[4]李斌,何佳伟,冯亚东,等.多端柔性直流电网保护关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):2-12.LI Bin, HE Jiawei, FENG Yadong, et al. Key techniques for protection ofmulti-terminalflexibleDCgrid[J].AutomationofElectricPower Systems, 2016, 40(21):2-12.
[5]张文亮,汤涌,曾南超.多端高压直流输电技术及应用前景[J].电网技术,2010,34(9):1-6.ZHANGWenliang,TANGYong,ZENGNanchao.Multi-terminal HVDC transmission technologies and its application prospects in China[J]. Power System Technology, 2010, 34(9):1-6.
[6]HAFNER J, JACOBSON B. Proactive Hybrid HVDC breakers-A key innovationforreliableHVDCgrids[C]∥TheElectricPowerSystem oftheFutureIntegratingSuperGridsandMicro-gridsInternational Symposium. Bologna, Italy:IEEE, 2011:264-273.
[7]TOKUYAMS,ARIMATAUK,YOSHIOKAY,etal.Development and interrupting teats on 250 kV 8 kA HVDC circuit breaker[J]. IEEE TransactionsonPowerApparatusandSystems,1985,104(3):2453-2459.
[8]张祖安,黎小林,陈名,等.应用于南澳多端柔性直流工程中的高压直流断路器关键技术参数研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(8):2417-2422.ZHANGZu’an,LIXiaolin,CHENMing,etal.Researchoncritical technical parameters of HVDC circuit breakers applied in Nan’ao multi-terminalVSC-HVDCproject[J].PowerSystemTechnology,2017,41(8):2417-2422.
[9]李炼炼,蔡炜,杨黎明,等.舟山柔性直流输电工程的直流电缆操作过电压计算与分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(11):3645-3652.LILianlian,CAIWei,YANGLiming,etal.Switchingovervoltage calculationandanalysisofDCcablesforZhoushanflexibleDC transmissionproject[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2017,43(11):3645-3652.
[10]CALLAVIK M, BLOMBERG A, HAFNER J, et al. Finally a practical HVDC breaker[J]. Mondern Power System, 2013, 33(1):35-39.
[11]卢彦辉,荣命哲,韩国辉,等.高速电磁斥力机构运动特性影响因素研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(8):29-34.LU Yanhui, RONG Mingzhe, HAN Guohui, et al. Research on the influencingfactorsofmotioncharacteristicsofhighspeed electromagneticrepulsionmechanism[J].HighVoltageApparatus,2015, 51(8):29-34.
[12]黄瑜珑,张祖安,温伟杰,等.高压直流断路器中电磁斥力快速驱动器研究[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3171-3178.HUANG Yulong, ZHANG Zu’an, WEN Weijie, et al. Research on an ultrafast driver for HVDC circuit breaker with electromagnetic repulsionmechanism[J].HighVoltageEngineering,2014,40(10):3171-3178.
[13]武瑾,庄劲武,王晨,等.电磁斥力机构数学模型的简化与求解[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(24):175-182.WU Jin, ZHUANG Jinwu, WANG Chen, et al. Simplification and solutionofthemathematicalmodeltoelectromagneticrepulsion mechanism[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(24):175-182.
[14]高阳,贺之渊,王成昊,等.一种新型混合式直流断路器[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1320-1325.GAO Yang, HE Zhiyuan, WANG Chenghao, et al. A new hybrid circuitbreakerforDC-application[J].PowerSystemTechnology,2016,40(5):1320-1325.
[15]袁召,喻新林,魏晓光,等.线圈型电磁斥力机构综合优化[J].高电压技术,2015,41(12):4207-4212.YUAN Zhao, YU Xinlin, WEI Xiaoguang, et al. Comprehensive optimizationofcoil-coilelectromagneticrepulsiveactuators[J].High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(12):4207-4212.
[16]史宗谦,贾申利,朱天胜,等.真空直流断路器高速操动机构的研究[J].高压电器,2010,46(3):18-22.SHIZongqian,JIAShenli,ZHUTiansheng,etal.Investigationson high-speedactuatorofvacuumDCcircuitbreaker[J].HighVoltage Apparatus, 2010, 46(3):18-22.
[17]艾绍贵,李秀广,杜玮,等.基于永磁斥力机构的真空快速开关的研究[J].高压电器,2017,53(2):54-60.AI Shaogui, LI Xiuguang, DU Wei, et al. Study on high speed vacuum switchbasedonpermanentmagneticrepulsionmechanism[J].High Voltage Apparatus, 2017, 53(2):54-60.
[18]TANY,KUNY,XIANGB,etal.Repulsionmechanismappliedin resistive-typesuperconductingfaultcurrentlimiter[J].IEEETransactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, 26(6):56020096.
[19]MAGNUSSON J, BISSAL A, ENGDAHL G, et al. Design aspects of a medium voltage hybrid DC breaker[C]∥IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe. New York, USA:IEEE, 2014.
[20]LU W X, OOI B T. Multiterminal LVDC system for optimal acquisitionofpowerinwind-farmusinginductiongenerators[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2002, 17(4):558-563.
[21]田宇,朱苛娄,许家源,等. 10 kV快速分相断路器样机研制[J].电网技术,2015,39(8):2346-2350.TIANYu,ZHUKelou,XUJiayuan,etal.Developmentof10k V high-speedvacuumbreakerprototype[J].PowerSystemTechnology,2015, 39(8):2346-2350.
[22]周万迪,魏晓光,高冲,等.基于晶闸管的混合型无弧高压直流断路器[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(18):2990-2996.ZHOUWandi,WEIXiaoguang,GAOChong,etal.Thyristorbased hybrid arc-less high voltage direct current circuit breaker[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(18):2990-2996.
[23]吕玮,王文杰,,方太勋,等.混合式高压直流断路器试验技术[J].高电压技术,2018,44(5):1685-1691.LüWei, WANG Wenjie, FANG Taixun, et al. Test technology of hybrid HVDC circuit breaker[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2018, 44(5):1685-1691.
[24]吴文耿,方春恩,陈军平,等.超快速隔离开关电磁斥力机构设计及试验研究[J].高压电器,2017,53(4):156-163.WU Wengeng, FANG Chunen, CHEN Junping, et al. Design and experimental study on electromagnetic repulsion mechanism of ultra-fast disconnect switch[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2017, 53(4):156-163.