大连极紫外相干光源
|
摘要
先进光源的发展在前沿科学研究中发挥的作用越来越重要。近十年来,飞速发展的自由电子激光技术为科学家们提供了探索未知世界、发现新科学规律和实现技术变革的重要工具。建成的大连极紫外(EUV)相干光源的运行波段为50～150nm,单脉冲能量大于100μJ,且可提供10-12 s和10-13 s量级的超快激光脉冲,是我国第一台自由电子激光用户装置,并且是国际上唯一运行在极紫外波段的自由电子激光用户装置,在世界范围内为用户提供具有高峰值亮度和超短脉冲的极紫外激光。大连EUV相干光源是由国家自然科学基金委资助、由中国科学院大连化学物理研究所和上海应用物理研究所共同承担的重大科学仪器研制项目,目标是打造一个以先进极紫外光源为核心、主要用于能源基础科学研究的光子科学平台。
Development of advanced light sources has become more and more important in the frontier scientific research.The development of new advanced light sources has pushed experimental studies from macroscopic world into the atomic and molecular levels,from studies of physical systems at static conditions to ultrafast dynamical processes,and from investigations at simple experimental conditions to more complex and real environment.Free electron laser(FEL)with high brightness,ultrafast laser pulses in the extreme ultraviolet(EUV)wavelength region is an ideal light source for excitation of valence electrons and ionization of molecular systems with very high efficiency.Dalian Coherent Light Source(DCLS)delivers 50-150 nm EUV beams with ultrafast pulse durations of100 fs or ps to users.DCLS,as the first FEL user facility in China,has wide applications in the frontier researches of physics,chemistry,biology,especially in the field of basic energy sciences.This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and developed jointly by Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics and Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Development of advanced light sources has become more and more important in the frontier scientific research.The development of new advanced light sources has pushed experimental studies from macroscopic world into the atomic and molecular levels,from studies of physical systems at static conditions to ultrafast dynamical processes,and from investigations at simple experimental conditions to more complex and real environment.Free electron laser(FEL)with high brightness,ultrafast laser pulses in the extreme ultraviolet(EUV)wavelength region is an ideal light source for excitation of valence electrons and ionization of molecular systems with very high efficiency.Dalian Coherent Light Source(DCLS)delivers 50-150 nm EUV beams with ultrafast pulse durations of100 fs or ps to users.DCLS,as the first FEL user facility in China,has wide applications in the frontier researches of physics,chemistry,biology,especially in the field of basic energy sciences.This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and developed jointly by Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics and Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
引文
[1]Attwood D.Soft X-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999.
[2]Quack M.Merkt F.Handbook of high-resolution spectroscopy[M].Hoboken:John Wiley&Son,2010.
[3]Kostko O,Bandyopadhyay B,Ahmed M.Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization of complex chemical systems[J].Annual Review of Physical Chemistry,2016,67(1):19-40.
[4]Souma S,Sato T,Takahashi T,et al.Highintensity xenon plasma discharge lamp for bulksensitive high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2007,78(12):123104.
[5]Mühlberger F,Wieser J,Morozov A,et al.Singlephoton ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry with an electron beam pumped excimer light source[J].Analytical Chemistry,2005,77(7):2218-2226.
[6]Marangos J P,Shen N,Ma H,et al.Broadly tunable vacuum-ultraviolet radiation source employing resonant enhanced sum-difference frequency mixing in krypton[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,1990,7(7):1254-1259.
[7]Hilber G,Lago A,Wallenstein R.Broadly tunable vacuum-ultraviolet/extreme-ultraviolet radiation generated by resonant third-order frequency conversion in krypton[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,1987,4(11):1753-1764.
[8]Langer H,Puell H,R9hr H.Lyman alpha(1216)generation in krypton[J].Optics Communications,1980,34(1):137-142.
[9]Yuan K J,Dixon R N,Yang X M.Photochemistry of the water molecule:adiabatic versus nonadiabatic dynamics[J].Accounts of Chemical Research,2011,44(5):369-378.
[10]Smith A V,Alford W J.Practical guide for 7s resonant frequency mixing in mercury:Generation of light in the 230-185-and 140-120-nm ranges[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,1987,4(11):1765-1770.
[11]Albert D R,Proctor D L,Davis H F,et al.Highintensity coherent vacuum ultraviolet source using unfocussed commercial dye lasers[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2013,84(6):063104.
[12]Todt M A,Albert D R,Davis H F.High intensity vacuum ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet production by noncollinear mixing in laser vaporized media[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2016,87(6):063106.
[13]Brandi F,Neshev D,Ubachs W.High-order harmonic generation yielding tunable extremeultraviolet radiation of high spectral purity[J].Physical Review Letters,2003,91(16):163901.
[14]Corkum P B.Plasma perspective on strong field multiphoton ionization[J].Physical Review Letters,1993,71(13):1994-1997.
[15]Lewenstein M,Balcou P,Ivanov M Y,et al.Theory of high-harmonic generation by low-frequency laser fields[J].Physical Review A,1994,49(3):2117-2132.
[16]Yang X,Lin J,Lee Y T,et al.Universal crossed molecular beams apparatus with synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometric product detection[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,1997,68(9):3317-3326.
[17]Zou C W,Sun B,Zhang W H,et al.Commissioning of a new beamline and station for ARPES at NSRL[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:Accelerators,Spectrometers,Detectors and Associated Equipment,2005,548(3):574-581.
[18]Zhou Z Y,Du X W,Yang J Z,et al.The vacuum ultraviolet beamline/endstations at NSRL dedicated to combustion research[J].Journal of Synchrotron Radiation,2016,23(4):1035-1045.
[19]Johnson M,Bodi A,Schulz L,et al.Vacuum ultraviolet beamline at theswiss light source for chemical dynamics studies[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:Accelerators,Spectrometers,Detectors and Associated Equipment,2009,610(2):597-603.
[20]Jongma R T,Huang Y H,Shi S M,et al.Rapid evaporative cooling suppresses fragmentation in mass spectrometry:synthesis of“unprotonated”water cluster ions[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,1998,102(45):8847-8854.
[21]Mizuse K,Kuo J L,FμJii A.Structural trends of ionized water networks:Infrared spectroscopy of watercluster radical cations(H2O)n+(n=3-11)[J].Chemical Science,2011,2(5):868-876.
[22]Reusch E,Holzmeier F,Constantinidis P,et al.Isomer-selective generation and spectroscopic characterization of picolyl radicals[J].Angewandte Chemie International Edition,2017,56(27):8000-8003.
[23]Kroll J H,Donahue N M,Jimenez J L,et al.Carbon oxidation state as a metric for describing the chemistry of atmospheric organic aerosol[J].Nature Chemistry,2011,3(2):133-139.
[24]Rollins A W,Smith J D,Wilson K R,et al.Real time in situ detection of organic nitrates in atmospheric aerosols[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(14):5540-5545.
[25]Madey J M J.Stimulated emission of bremsstrahlung in a periodic magnetic field[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1971,42(5):1906-1913.
[26]Elias L R,Fairbank W M,Madey J M J,et al.Observation of stimulated emission of radiation by relativistic electrons in a spatially periodic transverse magnetic field[J].Physical Review Letters,1976,36(13):717-720.
[27]Deacon D A G,Elias L R,Madey J M J,et al.First operation of a free-electron laser[J].Physical Review Letters,1977,38(16):892-894.
[28]O′Shea P G,Freund H P.Free-electron lasers:Status and applications[J].Science,2001,292(5523):1853-1858.
[29]Yabashi M,Tanaka H.The next ten years of x-ray science[J].Nature Photonics,2017,11(1):12-14.
[30]Ullrich J,Rudenko A,Moshammer R.Free-electron lasers:new avenues in molecular physics and photochemistry[J].Annual Review of Physical Chemistry,2012,63(1):635-660.
[31]Emma P,Akre R,Arthur J,et al.First lasing and operation of anngstrom-wavelength free-electron laser[J].Nature Photonics,2010,4(9):641-647.
[32]Bostedt C,Boutet S,Fritz D M,et al.Linac coherent light source:the first five years[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,2016,88:015007.
[33]Allaria E,Appio R,Badano L,et al.Highly coherent and stable pulses from the FERMI seeded free-electron laser in the extreme ultraviolet[J].Nature Photonics,2012,6(10):699-704.
[34]Ishikawa T,Aoyagi H,Asaka T,et al.A compact X-ray free-electron laser emitting in the sub-ngstr9m region[J].Nature Photonics,2012,6(8):540-544.
[35]Kang H-S,Min C-K,Heo H,et al.Hard X-ray free-electron laser with femtosecond-scale timing jitter[J].Nature Photonics,2017,11(11):708-713.
[36]Minitti MP,Budarz J M,Kirrander A,et al.Imaging molecular motion:Femtosecond X-ray scattering of an electrocyclic chemical reaction[J].Physical Review Letters,2015,114(25):255501.
[37]Ostrom H,Oberg H,Xin H,et al.Probing the transition state region in catalytic co oxidation on ru[J].Science,2015,347(6225):978-982.
[38]Barends T R M,Foucar L,Ardevol A,et al.Direct observation of ultrafast collective motions in COmyoglobin upon ligand dissociation[J].Science,2015,350(6259):445-450.
[39]Yu L H,Babzien M,Ben-Zvi I,et al.High-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser[J].Science,2000,289(5481):932-934.
[40]Allaria E,Castronovo D,Cinquegrana P,et al.Two-stage seeded soft-X-ray free-electron laser[J].Nature Photonics,2013,7(11):913-918.
[41]Li C Y,Wei S,Du X W,et al.On-line spectral diagnostic system for dalian coherent light source[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:Accelerators,Spectrometers,Detectors and Associated Equipment,2015,783:65-67.
[42]OBwald P,Güldenberg H,Kohse-H9inghaus K,et al.Combustion of butanol isomers-a detailed molecular beam mass spectrometry investigation of their flame chemistry[J].Combustion and Flame,2011,158(1):2-15.
[43]Li Y Y,Qi F.Recent applications of synchrotron VUV photoionization mass spectrometry:insight into combustion chemistry[J].Accounts of Chemical Research,2010,43(1):68-78.
[44]Agúndez M,Wakelam V.Chemistry of dark clouds:databases,networks,and models[J].Chemical Reviews,2013,113(12):8710-8737.
[45]Bourgalais J,Capron M,Kailasanathan R K A,et al.The c(3p)+NH3 reaction in interstellar chemistry.i.investigation of the product formation channels[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2015,812(2):106.
[2]Quack M.Merkt F.Handbook of high-resolution spectroscopy[M].Hoboken:John Wiley&Son,2010.
[3]Kostko O,Bandyopadhyay B,Ahmed M.Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization of complex chemical systems[J].Annual Review of Physical Chemistry,2016,67(1):19-40.
[4]Souma S,Sato T,Takahashi T,et al.Highintensity xenon plasma discharge lamp for bulksensitive high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2007,78(12):123104.
[5]Mühlberger F,Wieser J,Morozov A,et al.Singlephoton ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry with an electron beam pumped excimer light source[J].Analytical Chemistry,2005,77(7):2218-2226.
[6]Marangos J P,Shen N,Ma H,et al.Broadly tunable vacuum-ultraviolet radiation source employing resonant enhanced sum-difference frequency mixing in krypton[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,1990,7(7):1254-1259.
[7]Hilber G,Lago A,Wallenstein R.Broadly tunable vacuum-ultraviolet/extreme-ultraviolet radiation generated by resonant third-order frequency conversion in krypton[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,1987,4(11):1753-1764.
[8]Langer H,Puell H,R9hr H.Lyman alpha(1216)generation in krypton[J].Optics Communications,1980,34(1):137-142.
[9]Yuan K J,Dixon R N,Yang X M.Photochemistry of the water molecule:adiabatic versus nonadiabatic dynamics[J].Accounts of Chemical Research,2011,44(5):369-378.
[10]Smith A V,Alford W J.Practical guide for 7s resonant frequency mixing in mercury:Generation of light in the 230-185-and 140-120-nm ranges[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,1987,4(11):1765-1770.
[11]Albert D R,Proctor D L,Davis H F,et al.Highintensity coherent vacuum ultraviolet source using unfocussed commercial dye lasers[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2013,84(6):063104.
[12]Todt M A,Albert D R,Davis H F.High intensity vacuum ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet production by noncollinear mixing in laser vaporized media[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,2016,87(6):063106.
[13]Brandi F,Neshev D,Ubachs W.High-order harmonic generation yielding tunable extremeultraviolet radiation of high spectral purity[J].Physical Review Letters,2003,91(16):163901.
[14]Corkum P B.Plasma perspective on strong field multiphoton ionization[J].Physical Review Letters,1993,71(13):1994-1997.
[15]Lewenstein M,Balcou P,Ivanov M Y,et al.Theory of high-harmonic generation by low-frequency laser fields[J].Physical Review A,1994,49(3):2117-2132.
[16]Yang X,Lin J,Lee Y T,et al.Universal crossed molecular beams apparatus with synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometric product detection[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,1997,68(9):3317-3326.
[17]Zou C W,Sun B,Zhang W H,et al.Commissioning of a new beamline and station for ARPES at NSRL[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:Accelerators,Spectrometers,Detectors and Associated Equipment,2005,548(3):574-581.
[18]Zhou Z Y,Du X W,Yang J Z,et al.The vacuum ultraviolet beamline/endstations at NSRL dedicated to combustion research[J].Journal of Synchrotron Radiation,2016,23(4):1035-1045.
[19]Johnson M,Bodi A,Schulz L,et al.Vacuum ultraviolet beamline at theswiss light source for chemical dynamics studies[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:Accelerators,Spectrometers,Detectors and Associated Equipment,2009,610(2):597-603.
[20]Jongma R T,Huang Y H,Shi S M,et al.Rapid evaporative cooling suppresses fragmentation in mass spectrometry:synthesis of“unprotonated”water cluster ions[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,1998,102(45):8847-8854.
[21]Mizuse K,Kuo J L,FμJii A.Structural trends of ionized water networks:Infrared spectroscopy of watercluster radical cations(H2O)n+(n=3-11)[J].Chemical Science,2011,2(5):868-876.
[22]Reusch E,Holzmeier F,Constantinidis P,et al.Isomer-selective generation and spectroscopic characterization of picolyl radicals[J].Angewandte Chemie International Edition,2017,56(27):8000-8003.
[23]Kroll J H,Donahue N M,Jimenez J L,et al.Carbon oxidation state as a metric for describing the chemistry of atmospheric organic aerosol[J].Nature Chemistry,2011,3(2):133-139.
[24]Rollins A W,Smith J D,Wilson K R,et al.Real time in situ detection of organic nitrates in atmospheric aerosols[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(14):5540-5545.
[25]Madey J M J.Stimulated emission of bremsstrahlung in a periodic magnetic field[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1971,42(5):1906-1913.
[26]Elias L R,Fairbank W M,Madey J M J,et al.Observation of stimulated emission of radiation by relativistic electrons in a spatially periodic transverse magnetic field[J].Physical Review Letters,1976,36(13):717-720.
[27]Deacon D A G,Elias L R,Madey J M J,et al.First operation of a free-electron laser[J].Physical Review Letters,1977,38(16):892-894.
[28]O′Shea P G,Freund H P.Free-electron lasers:Status and applications[J].Science,2001,292(5523):1853-1858.
[29]Yabashi M,Tanaka H.The next ten years of x-ray science[J].Nature Photonics,2017,11(1):12-14.
[30]Ullrich J,Rudenko A,Moshammer R.Free-electron lasers:new avenues in molecular physics and photochemistry[J].Annual Review of Physical Chemistry,2012,63(1):635-660.
[31]Emma P,Akre R,Arthur J,et al.First lasing and operation of anngstrom-wavelength free-electron laser[J].Nature Photonics,2010,4(9):641-647.
[32]Bostedt C,Boutet S,Fritz D M,et al.Linac coherent light source:the first five years[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,2016,88:015007.
[33]Allaria E,Appio R,Badano L,et al.Highly coherent and stable pulses from the FERMI seeded free-electron laser in the extreme ultraviolet[J].Nature Photonics,2012,6(10):699-704.
[34]Ishikawa T,Aoyagi H,Asaka T,et al.A compact X-ray free-electron laser emitting in the sub-ngstr9m region[J].Nature Photonics,2012,6(8):540-544.
[35]Kang H-S,Min C-K,Heo H,et al.Hard X-ray free-electron laser with femtosecond-scale timing jitter[J].Nature Photonics,2017,11(11):708-713.
[36]Minitti MP,Budarz J M,Kirrander A,et al.Imaging molecular motion:Femtosecond X-ray scattering of an electrocyclic chemical reaction[J].Physical Review Letters,2015,114(25):255501.
[37]Ostrom H,Oberg H,Xin H,et al.Probing the transition state region in catalytic co oxidation on ru[J].Science,2015,347(6225):978-982.
[38]Barends T R M,Foucar L,Ardevol A,et al.Direct observation of ultrafast collective motions in COmyoglobin upon ligand dissociation[J].Science,2015,350(6259):445-450.
[39]Yu L H,Babzien M,Ben-Zvi I,et al.High-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser[J].Science,2000,289(5481):932-934.
[40]Allaria E,Castronovo D,Cinquegrana P,et al.Two-stage seeded soft-X-ray free-electron laser[J].Nature Photonics,2013,7(11):913-918.
[41]Li C Y,Wei S,Du X W,et al.On-line spectral diagnostic system for dalian coherent light source[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:Accelerators,Spectrometers,Detectors and Associated Equipment,2015,783:65-67.
[42]OBwald P,Güldenberg H,Kohse-H9inghaus K,et al.Combustion of butanol isomers-a detailed molecular beam mass spectrometry investigation of their flame chemistry[J].Combustion and Flame,2011,158(1):2-15.
[43]Li Y Y,Qi F.Recent applications of synchrotron VUV photoionization mass spectrometry:insight into combustion chemistry[J].Accounts of Chemical Research,2010,43(1):68-78.
[44]Agúndez M,Wakelam V.Chemistry of dark clouds:databases,networks,and models[J].Chemical Reviews,2013,113(12):8710-8737.
[45]Bourgalais J,Capron M,Kailasanathan R K A,et al.The c(3p)+NH3 reaction in interstellar chemistry.i.investigation of the product formation channels[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2015,812(2):106.