菏泽和洛阳芍药品种资源表型多样性研究
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摘要
【目的】芍药是我国优良的传统花卉,有丰富的品种资源。菏泽和洛阳是我国芍药的主要栽培地,品种资源最为丰富,但目前两地的品种表型多样性研究较少,不利于种质资源的保护、开发与利用。【方法】本文选取山东菏泽和河南洛阳栽培的芍药240种,利用28个表型性状,采用主成分分析、因子分析和聚类分析方法进行多样性研究。【结果】芍药数量性状和质量性状的遗传多样性指数范围分别为1.98~2.10和0.28~1.94,绝大多数性状的多样性水平较高。提取前10个主成分,并将因子荷载矩阵经Varimax方差最大正交旋转后,得到影响芍药表型的10个主要因子,依次为高度、花色数、侧蕾及长势、花型、瓣化、叶型及花径、花期、茎色、小叶卷度和花蕾;聚类分析结果显示240个品种被分为6大组群,前4大组群分别包括69个、67个、16个和84个品种。第5组群和第6组群分别仅有1个和3个品种,推测这4个品种与其余236个品种的来源不同。【结论】本研究明确了菏泽、洛阳两地的240个芍药品种的表型多样性特点与亲缘关系,今后在芍药新品种培育选育亲本时,应着重考虑株高、花枝长、花色数、植株长势、花型、雄蕊瓣化情况及颜色等因素,同时注意选取聚类图中间隔距离较远的品种。
[Objective] Paeonia lactiflora is an excellent Chinese traditional flower with rich variety resources. Heze of Shandong Province,eastern China and Luoyang of Henan Province,central China are main cultivation regions with abundant cultivars in China,but lacking genetic diversity report based on the phenotypic traits. This is not conducive to the protection,development and utilization of germplasm resources. [Method] In this paper,the genetic diversity of 240 herbaceous peony cultivars from Heze and Luoyang was analyzed based on 28 phenotype traits using principal component analysis,factoranalysis and cluster. [Result] The results showed that the genetic diversity index of quantitative and quality traits were 1. 98-2. 10 and 0. 28-1. 94,and the genetic diversity of majority traits was high. The 10 main components were extracted,then the factor load matrix was processed using the maximum orthogonal rotation by Varimax. The 10 main factors affecting their phenotype were obtained,including height,flower color quantity,lateral bud and growth vigor,flower type,petalody,leaf type and flower diameter,flower season,stem color,leaflet curly and flower bud. The 240 varieties were divided into six groups by cluster analysis. The first to fourth groups included 69,67,16 and 84 cultivars,respectively.The fifth and sixth groups only had one and three varieties,respectively,suggesting that those four cultivars were different sources from the other 236 varieties. [Conclusion] This study clarified the phenotypic diversity characteristics and relationship of 240 varieties from Heze and Luoyang. In the future breeding,plant height,flower branch length,flower color number,plant growth vigor,flower pattern and petalization of parents should be paid more attention. At the same time,the parents should be far away each other in the affinity clustering diagram.
[Objective] Paeonia lactiflora is an excellent Chinese traditional flower with rich variety resources. Heze of Shandong Province,eastern China and Luoyang of Henan Province,central China are main cultivation regions with abundant cultivars in China,but lacking genetic diversity report based on the phenotypic traits. This is not conducive to the protection,development and utilization of germplasm resources. [Method] In this paper,the genetic diversity of 240 herbaceous peony cultivars from Heze and Luoyang was analyzed based on 28 phenotype traits using principal component analysis,factoranalysis and cluster. [Result] The results showed that the genetic diversity index of quantitative and quality traits were 1. 98-2. 10 and 0. 28-1. 94,and the genetic diversity of majority traits was high. The 10 main components were extracted,then the factor load matrix was processed using the maximum orthogonal rotation by Varimax. The 10 main factors affecting their phenotype were obtained,including height,flower color quantity,lateral bud and growth vigor,flower type,petalody,leaf type and flower diameter,flower season,stem color,leaflet curly and flower bud. The 240 varieties were divided into six groups by cluster analysis. The first to fourth groups included 69,67,16 and 84 cultivars,respectively.The fifth and sixth groups only had one and three varieties,respectively,suggesting that those four cultivars were different sources from the other 236 varieties. [Conclusion] This study clarified the phenotypic diversity characteristics and relationship of 240 varieties from Heze and Luoyang. In the future breeding,plant height,flower branch length,flower color number,plant growth vigor,flower pattern and petalization of parents should be paid more attention. At the same time,the parents should be far away each other in the affinity clustering diagram.
引文
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[8]傅巧娟,李春楠,陈一,等.我国主栽一串红资源的表型多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(2):294-299.Fu Q J,Li C N,Chen Y,et al.Analysis of phenotypic diversity of major Salvia splendens germplasm resources in China[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2015,16(2):294-299.
[9]Khadivi-Khub A,Zamani Z,Fatahi M.Multivariate analysis of Prunus subgen.Cerasus germplasm in Iran using morphological variables[J].Genetic Resources&Crop Evolution,2012,59(5):909-926.
[10]王荣,何智冲,方学敏,等.扬州芍药栽培品种表型多样性分析[J].植物科学学报,2016,34(6):901--908.Wang R,He Z C,Fang X M,et al.Analysis of phenotypic diversity of Paeonia lactiflora cultivars in Yangzhou[J].Plant Science Journal,2016,34(6):901--908.
[11]杨柳慧,于晓南.基于表型性状的芍药不同品种群亲缘关系分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2016,17(2):209--216.Yang L H,Yu X N.Phylogenetic relationship analysis of different cultivars groups of herbaceous peony according morphological characteristics[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2016,17(2):209--216.
[12]郭先锋,王莲英.我国栽培芍药与几个近缘种的数量分类学研究[J].园艺学报,2005,32(3):473--476.Guo X F,Wang L Y.Study on numerical taxonomy of Chinese cultivated herbaceous peonies and its related wild species[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2005,32(3):473-476.
[13]郭先锋,王莲英.部分芍药种质资源的RAPD分析[J].园艺学报,2007,34(5):1321-1326.Guo X F,Wang L Y.Genetic relationship of partial peony germplasm resources with RAPD markers[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2007,34(5):1321-1326.
[14]郭先锋,刘爱青,黄雪,等.山东地区托桂型芍药品种的调查与分类[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(11):317-323.Guo X F,Liu A Q,Huang X,et al.Investigation and classification of Anemone-form herbaceous peony cultivars from Shandong Province[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(11):317--323.
[15]蔡健,祝旋,谢实龙,等.利用EST-SSR标记和形态性状检测31个芍药品种的遗传多样性[J].华北农学报,2016,31(增刊1):92-96.Cai J,Zhu X,Xie S L,et al.Genetic diversity analyzed by ESTSSR marker and polymorphic traits of 31 Paeonia lactiflora cultivars[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2016,31(Suppl.1):92--96.
[16]王永康,吴国良,赵爱玲,等.枣种质资源的表型遗传多样性[J].林业科学,2014,50(10):33--41.Wang Y K,Wu G L,Zhao A L,et al.Phenotypic genetic diversity of jujube germplasm resources[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2014,50(10):33--41.
[17]Pluta S,Madry W,Sieczko L.Phenotypic diversity for agronomic traits in a collection of blackcurrant(Ribes nigrum L.)cultivars evaluated in Poland[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2012,145(3):136--144.
[18]Lotti C,Marcotrigiano A R,De Giovanni C,et al.Univariate and multivariate analysis performed on bio-agronomical traits of Cucumis melo L.germplasm[J].Genetic Resources&Crop Evolution,2008,55(4):511-522.
[19]Nikoli'c D,Rakonjac V,Milatovi'c D,et al.Multivariate analysis of vineyard peach[Prunus persica(L.)Batsch.]germplasm collection[J].Euphytica,2010,171(2):227--234.
[20]Mohamed Ahmed V O M,BOUNA Z E O,Mohamed Lemine F M,et al.Use of multivariate analysis to assess phenotypic diversity of date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)cultivars[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2011,127(3):367--371.
[21]万述伟,宋凤景,郝俊杰,等.271份豌豆种质资源农艺性状遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(1):10-18.Wan S W,Song F J,Hao J J,et al.Genetic diversity of agronomic traits in 271 pea germplasm resources[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2017,18(1):10-18.
[22]张文彤,董伟.SPSS统计分析高级教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013.Zhang W T,Dong W.Advanced analysis of statistical analysis[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2013.
[23]杨志晓,王轶,刘红峰,等.我国主栽烤烟品种亲缘关系及育种[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(2):34-41.Yang Z X,Wang Y,Liu H F,et al.Genetic relationship in major flue-cured tobacco cultivars in China and its implication in variety breeding[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2013,19(2):34-41.
[24]王晓菡.中国芍药品种遗传多样性SRAP分析和核心种质的初步构建[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2010.Wang X H.Analysis of genetic diversity and construction of the core collection for Chinese herbaceous peony cultivars using SRAP marker[D].Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2010.
[25]王晓春,李健美,陶俊.扬州芍药花文化及园林应用[J].安徽农学通报,2007,13(18):102-104.Wang X C,Li J M,Tao J.Discussion about the flowers culture and application in landscape architecture of Chinese herbaceous peony of Yangzhou City[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2007,13(18):102-104.
[26]黄莉.甘蓝型油菜杂种优势和遗传多样性的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2007.Huang L.Hererosis and genetic diversity in rapeseed(Brassica Napus L.)[D].Wuhan:Huangzhong Agricultural University,2007.
[27]季丽静.观赏芍药部分新种质SSR遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.Ji L J.Study of genetic diversity on partial new germplasm of Paeonia and establishment of DNA fingerprint by SSR markers[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2013.
[28]张嘉,刘爱青,张淑玲,等.利用荧光标记SSR绘制中国芍药品种分子身份证[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(6):101--109.Zhang J,Liu A Q,Zhang S L,et al.Using the SSR with fluorescent labeling to establish SSR molecular ID code for cultivars of the Chinese herbaceous peony[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2016,38(6):101--109.
[29]张嘉.基于SSR的中国芍药品种分子身份证构建及观赏性状关联分析[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.Zhang J.Molecular ID construction and association analysis of ornamental traits in peony cultivars based on SSR[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2016.
[2]李慧峰,车根,李林光,等.果树资源遗传多样性研究进展[J].山东农业科学,2009(5):32-35.Li H F,Che G,Li L G,et al.Progress in research on genetic diversity of fruit genetic resources[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2009(5):32-35.
[3]沈浩,刘登义.遗传多样性概述[J].生物学杂志,2001,18(3):5-7.Shen H,Liu D Y.Summary of genetic diversity[J].Journal of biology,2001,18(3):5--7.
[4]Ruiz D,Egea J.Phenotypic diversity and relationships of fruit quality traits in apricot(Prunus armeniaca L.)germplasm[J].Euphytica,2008,163(1):143-158.
[5]周兰英,王永清,张丽,等.46种杜鹃花属植物表型性状的数量分类[J].林业科学,2009,45(8):67-75.Zhou L Y,Wang Y Q,Zhang L,et al.Mathematic classification of 46 species in Rhododendron with the morphologic characters[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2009,45(8):67--75.
[6]杨果,李彦,吕英民,等.梅花品种数量分类研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(增刊2):46-51.Yang G,Li Y,LüY M,et al.Numerical taxonomy of Prunus mume[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2010,32(Suppl.2):46--51.
[7]陈睿,鲜小林,秦帆,等.山茶种质资源主要表型的遗传多样性分析[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(6):2706--2713.Chen R,Xian X L,Qin F,et al.Genetic diversity analysis of Camellia germplasm resources[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2015,28(6):2706--2713.
[8]傅巧娟,李春楠,陈一,等.我国主栽一串红资源的表型多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(2):294-299.Fu Q J,Li C N,Chen Y,et al.Analysis of phenotypic diversity of major Salvia splendens germplasm resources in China[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2015,16(2):294-299.
[9]Khadivi-Khub A,Zamani Z,Fatahi M.Multivariate analysis of Prunus subgen.Cerasus germplasm in Iran using morphological variables[J].Genetic Resources&Crop Evolution,2012,59(5):909-926.
[10]王荣,何智冲,方学敏,等.扬州芍药栽培品种表型多样性分析[J].植物科学学报,2016,34(6):901--908.Wang R,He Z C,Fang X M,et al.Analysis of phenotypic diversity of Paeonia lactiflora cultivars in Yangzhou[J].Plant Science Journal,2016,34(6):901--908.
[11]杨柳慧,于晓南.基于表型性状的芍药不同品种群亲缘关系分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2016,17(2):209--216.Yang L H,Yu X N.Phylogenetic relationship analysis of different cultivars groups of herbaceous peony according morphological characteristics[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2016,17(2):209--216.
[12]郭先锋,王莲英.我国栽培芍药与几个近缘种的数量分类学研究[J].园艺学报,2005,32(3):473--476.Guo X F,Wang L Y.Study on numerical taxonomy of Chinese cultivated herbaceous peonies and its related wild species[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2005,32(3):473-476.
[13]郭先锋,王莲英.部分芍药种质资源的RAPD分析[J].园艺学报,2007,34(5):1321-1326.Guo X F,Wang L Y.Genetic relationship of partial peony germplasm resources with RAPD markers[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2007,34(5):1321-1326.
[14]郭先锋,刘爱青,黄雪,等.山东地区托桂型芍药品种的调查与分类[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(11):317-323.Guo X F,Liu A Q,Huang X,et al.Investigation and classification of Anemone-form herbaceous peony cultivars from Shandong Province[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(11):317--323.
[15]蔡健,祝旋,谢实龙,等.利用EST-SSR标记和形态性状检测31个芍药品种的遗传多样性[J].华北农学报,2016,31(增刊1):92-96.Cai J,Zhu X,Xie S L,et al.Genetic diversity analyzed by ESTSSR marker and polymorphic traits of 31 Paeonia lactiflora cultivars[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2016,31(Suppl.1):92--96.
[16]王永康,吴国良,赵爱玲,等.枣种质资源的表型遗传多样性[J].林业科学,2014,50(10):33--41.Wang Y K,Wu G L,Zhao A L,et al.Phenotypic genetic diversity of jujube germplasm resources[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2014,50(10):33--41.
[17]Pluta S,Madry W,Sieczko L.Phenotypic diversity for agronomic traits in a collection of blackcurrant(Ribes nigrum L.)cultivars evaluated in Poland[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2012,145(3):136--144.
[18]Lotti C,Marcotrigiano A R,De Giovanni C,et al.Univariate and multivariate analysis performed on bio-agronomical traits of Cucumis melo L.germplasm[J].Genetic Resources&Crop Evolution,2008,55(4):511-522.
[19]Nikoli'c D,Rakonjac V,Milatovi'c D,et al.Multivariate analysis of vineyard peach[Prunus persica(L.)Batsch.]germplasm collection[J].Euphytica,2010,171(2):227--234.
[20]Mohamed Ahmed V O M,BOUNA Z E O,Mohamed Lemine F M,et al.Use of multivariate analysis to assess phenotypic diversity of date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)cultivars[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2011,127(3):367--371.
[21]万述伟,宋凤景,郝俊杰,等.271份豌豆种质资源农艺性状遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(1):10-18.Wan S W,Song F J,Hao J J,et al.Genetic diversity of agronomic traits in 271 pea germplasm resources[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2017,18(1):10-18.
[22]张文彤,董伟.SPSS统计分析高级教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013.Zhang W T,Dong W.Advanced analysis of statistical analysis[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2013.
[23]杨志晓,王轶,刘红峰,等.我国主栽烤烟品种亲缘关系及育种[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(2):34-41.Yang Z X,Wang Y,Liu H F,et al.Genetic relationship in major flue-cured tobacco cultivars in China and its implication in variety breeding[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2013,19(2):34-41.
[24]王晓菡.中国芍药品种遗传多样性SRAP分析和核心种质的初步构建[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2010.Wang X H.Analysis of genetic diversity and construction of the core collection for Chinese herbaceous peony cultivars using SRAP marker[D].Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2010.
[25]王晓春,李健美,陶俊.扬州芍药花文化及园林应用[J].安徽农学通报,2007,13(18):102-104.Wang X C,Li J M,Tao J.Discussion about the flowers culture and application in landscape architecture of Chinese herbaceous peony of Yangzhou City[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2007,13(18):102-104.
[26]黄莉.甘蓝型油菜杂种优势和遗传多样性的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2007.Huang L.Hererosis and genetic diversity in rapeseed(Brassica Napus L.)[D].Wuhan:Huangzhong Agricultural University,2007.
[27]季丽静.观赏芍药部分新种质SSR遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.Ji L J.Study of genetic diversity on partial new germplasm of Paeonia and establishment of DNA fingerprint by SSR markers[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2013.
[28]张嘉,刘爱青,张淑玲,等.利用荧光标记SSR绘制中国芍药品种分子身份证[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(6):101--109.Zhang J,Liu A Q,Zhang S L,et al.Using the SSR with fluorescent labeling to establish SSR molecular ID code for cultivars of the Chinese herbaceous peony[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2016,38(6):101--109.
[29]张嘉.基于SSR的中国芍药品种分子身份证构建及观赏性状关联分析[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.Zhang J.Molecular ID construction and association analysis of ornamental traits in peony cultivars based on SSR[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2016.