冀西北寒旱区农田作物轮作产量效应评价
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摘要
【目的】促进水温土等资源匮乏的冀西北寒旱区作物生产对水分、养分的合理与均衡利用,保护农田生态环境。【方法】采用交叉式种植方法,在草甸栗钙土和砂质栗土农田,分别设计了包括5个主栽作物的全部组合的轮作与连作田区试验,年际间进行重复,研究区域主栽作物轮作倒茬的产量效果。【结果】在草甸栗钙土农田,与连作相比,不同前茬马铃薯、甜菜、莜麦的产量分别提高了58%—94%、28%—53%和16%—70%;蚕豆与连作相比,除甜菜茬减产外,其他茬口较连作增产4%—43%;马铃薯、蚕豆茬玉米较连作分别增产12%、5%,甜菜、莜麦茬玉米产量仅为连作的81%、93%。在砂质栗钙土农田,不同前茬马铃薯、甜菜的产量分别较连作提高了5%—36%、13%—36%;甜菜茬谷子表现减产,其他茬口的谷子较连作提高了5%—30%;谷子茬莜麦减产,其他茬口莜麦较连作提高了9%—15%;马铃薯、莜麦茬亚麻较连作增产5%、8%,谷子、甜菜茬亚麻产量为连作的94%、99%。【结论】草甸栗钙土田马铃薯→莜麦、马铃薯→甜菜呈现互利轮作,玉米茬马铃薯、莜麦茬甜菜、蚕豆茬甜菜、玉米茬甜菜和蚕豆茬马铃薯表现偏利轮作;砂质栗钙土田莜麦茬马铃薯、马铃薯茬甜菜2种方式表现偏利轮作,可资生产应用。
【Objective】The study was carried out to promote the rational and balanced utilization of water and nutrients in crop production in cold and arid areas of Northwest Hebei province, where water, temperature and soil resources were scarce, and to protect the farmland ecological environment. 【Method】A field experiment of rotation and continuous cropping with five main crop combinations was designed in the meadow chestnut soil and sandy chestnut soil farmland by using the cross planting method. The yield effect of rotation of main crop in the region was studied by repeating the experiment between years. 【Result】Compared with continuous cropping, the yield of potato, beet and oat under rotation conditions in meadow chestnut soil farmland increased by58%-94%, 28%-53% and 16%-70%, respectively; The yield of faba bean increased by 4%-43% rotated with other crops except for beet; The yield of potato and faba bean stubble forage maize increased by 12% and 5%, respectively, compared with continuous cropping, and the yield of beet and oat stubble forage maize was only 81% and 93% of that of continuous cropping, respectively. In sandy chestnut soil farmland, the yield of potatoes and beets in different Preceding crop fields increased by 5%-36%, 13%-36%,respectively, compared with continuous cropping; The yield of beet stubble forage millet decreased, and it increased by 5%-30%rotating with other crops compared with continuous cropping; The yield of forage millet stubble oats decreased, while that of other stubbles increased by 9%-15% compared with continuous cropping. The yield of potato and oat stubble flax was 5% and 8% higher than that of continuous cropping, respectively, and the yield of forage millet and beet stubble flax was only 94% and 99% of continuous cropping, respectively. 【Conclusion】The rotation of potato and oat, potato and beet in meadow chestnut soil was mutually beneficial, forage maize stubble potato, oat stubble beet, faba bean stubble beet, forage maize stubble beet and faba bean stubble potato showed commensalism rotation. In sandy chestnut soil field, oats stubble potato, potato stubble beet showed commensalism rotation, and this could be applied in production.
【Objective】The study was carried out to promote the rational and balanced utilization of water and nutrients in crop production in cold and arid areas of Northwest Hebei province, where water, temperature and soil resources were scarce, and to protect the farmland ecological environment. 【Method】A field experiment of rotation and continuous cropping with five main crop combinations was designed in the meadow chestnut soil and sandy chestnut soil farmland by using the cross planting method. The yield effect of rotation of main crop in the region was studied by repeating the experiment between years. 【Result】Compared with continuous cropping, the yield of potato, beet and oat under rotation conditions in meadow chestnut soil farmland increased by58%-94%, 28%-53% and 16%-70%, respectively; The yield of faba bean increased by 4%-43% rotated with other crops except for beet; The yield of potato and faba bean stubble forage maize increased by 12% and 5%, respectively, compared with continuous cropping, and the yield of beet and oat stubble forage maize was only 81% and 93% of that of continuous cropping, respectively. In sandy chestnut soil farmland, the yield of potatoes and beets in different Preceding crop fields increased by 5%-36%, 13%-36%,respectively, compared with continuous cropping; The yield of beet stubble forage millet decreased, and it increased by 5%-30%rotating with other crops compared with continuous cropping; The yield of forage millet stubble oats decreased, while that of other stubbles increased by 9%-15% compared with continuous cropping. The yield of potato and oat stubble flax was 5% and 8% higher than that of continuous cropping, respectively, and the yield of forage millet and beet stubble flax was only 94% and 99% of continuous cropping, respectively. 【Conclusion】The rotation of potato and oat, potato and beet in meadow chestnut soil was mutually beneficial, forage maize stubble potato, oat stubble beet, faba bean stubble beet, forage maize stubble beet and faba bean stubble potato showed commensalism rotation. In sandy chestnut soil field, oats stubble potato, potato stubble beet showed commensalism rotation, and this could be applied in production.
引文
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[2]刘沛松,贾志宽,李军,李永平,刘世新.宁南旱区草粮轮作系统中紫花苜蓿适宜利用年限研究.草业学报,2008,17(3):31-39.LIU P S,JIA Z K,LI J,LI Y P,LIU S X.A study on optimal duration of Medicago sativa growth in M.sativa-grain crop rotation system in arid region of southern Ningxia.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2008,17(3):31-39.(in Chinese)
[3]韩丽娜,丁静,韩清芳,丁瑞霞,聂俊峰,贾志宽,李文静.黄土高原区草粮(油)翻耕轮作的土壤水分及作物产量效应.农业工程学报,2012,28(24):129-137.HAN L N,DING J,HAN Q F,DING R X,NIE J F,JIA Z K,LI W J.Effects of alfalfa-grain(oil)crop plowing rotation on soil moisture and crop yield in Loess Plateau.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agriculture Engineering,2012,28(24):129-137.(in Chinese)
[4]山仑,刘忠民,辛业全,邓西平,马国忠.宁夏山区草田轮作研究--Ⅰ不同轮作方式的生产力及效益.水土保持学报,1992,6(4):60-68.SHAN L,LIU Z M,XIN Y Q,DENG X P,MA G Z.A study on the grass and field crops rotation in mountain region of southern Ningxia.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1992,6(4):60-68.(in Chinese)
[5]鲁鸿佩,孙爱华.草田轮作对粮食作物的增产效应.草业科学,2003,20(4):10-13.LU H P,SUN A H.The effect of grass crop rotation on crop yield increase.Pratacultural Science,2003,20(4):10-13.(in Chinese)
[6]陈海江,司伟,魏丹,李玉梅.粮豆轮作技术的“减肥增效”效应研究--基于东北地区轮作定位试验和农户调研分析.大豆科学,2018,37(4):545-550.CHEN H J,SI W,WEI D,LI Y M.Study on the effect of reducing fertilizer input and increasing efficiency of grain-soybean rotation technology:Based on the rotation location experiment and the analysis household survey in northeast China.Soybean Science,2018,37(4):545-550.(in Chinese)
[7]CROOKSTON R K,KUELE J E,COPELAND P J,FORD J H,LUESCHEN W E.Rotation cropping sequence affects yield of corn of soybean.Agronomy Journal,1991,83(1):108-113.
[8]杨宁,赵护兵,王朝辉,张达斌,高亚军.豆科作物-小麦轮作方式下旱地小麦花后干物质及养分累积、转移与产量的关系.生态学报,2012,32(15):4827-4835.YANG N,ZHAO H B,WANG Z H,ZHANG D B,GAO Y J.Accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nutrients of wheat rotated with legumes and its relation to grain yield in a dryland area.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(15):4827-4835.(in Chinese)
[9]宋树慧.不同前茬对马铃薯生育及土壤特性的影响[D].内蒙古:内蒙古农业大学,2014.SONG S H.Effects of different preceding crops on growth and soil properties of potato[D].Inner Mongolia:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[10]高盼,刘玉涛,王宇先,杨慧莹,徐莹莹,王俊河,徐婷.半干旱区玉米-大豆轮作对土壤物理性质和化学性质的影响.黑龙江农业科学,2018(9):23-26.GAO P,LIU Y T,WANG Y X,YANG H Y,XU Y Y,WANG J H,XUT.Effects of maize soybean rotation on physical and chemical properties of soil in semi-arid area.Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2018(9):23-26.(in Chinese)
[11]惠言.华北平原以豆科为基础的轮作方式对农作物产量和土壤理化性质的影响[D].开封:河南大学,2017.HUI Y.Crop yields and soil physiochemical properties in response to legume-based cropping rotation in North China Plain[D].Kaifeng:Henan University,2017.(in Chinese)
[12]李梅峰,李元华,程明军,王厚军,严东海.青贮饲用玉米与黑麦草稻田轮作的经济效益分析.四川畜牧兽医,2018,45(6):12-13.LI M F,LI Y H,CHENG M J,WANG H J,YAN D H.Economic benefit analysis of silage corn and ryegrass paddy rotation.Sichuan Animal&Veterinary Sciences,2018,45(6):12-13.(in Chinese)
[13]吴艳飞,张雪艳,李元,魏文杰,高丽红.轮作对黄瓜连作土壤环境和产量的影响.园艺学报,2008,35(3):357-362.WU Y F,ZHANG X Y,LI Y,WEI W J,GAO L H.Influence of rotation on continuous cropping soil environment and cucumber yield.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2008,35(3):357-362.(in Chinese)
[14]WILLEY R W,OSIRU D S O.Studies on mixtures of maize and beans(Phaseolus vulgaris)with particular reference to plant population.The Journal of Agricultural Science,1972,79:517-529.
[15]REDDY M S,WILLEY R W.Growth and resource use studies in intercrop of pearl millet groundnut.Field Crops Research,1981,4:13-24.
[16]刘巽浩.耕作学.北京:中国农业出版社,1994:117-120.LIU X H.Farming System.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,1994:117-120.(in Chinese)
[17]刘玉华,张立峰,边秀举.土地当量比计算方法的改进与应用.河北农业大学学报,1999,22(2):19-21.LIU Y H,ZHANG L F,BIAN X J.Improvement and application of calculating method of land equivalent ratio.Journal of Agriculture University of Hebei,1999,22(2):19-21.(in Chinese)
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