课外体育运动与初中学生的偏差行为——基于CEPS数据的工具变量分析
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摘要
以往关于体育运动与青少年偏差行为关系的研究大多没有考虑两者之间存在的内生性问题。本文使用中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)数据,以工具变量法对初中学生课外体育活动影响偏差行为进行回归分析。研究发现:参与课外体育活动会显著增加初中学生的偏差行为。这一发现揭示了体育活动具有复杂的社会后果,应该以规则、公平、合作和适度的原则去规范中小学生的课外体育活动。
Most of the previous studies on the impact of sports on the deviant behavior of adolescent student did not consider the endogeneity issues.Base on the data from China Education Panel Survey(CEPS),this study examined the relationships between extracurricular physical activities and deviation behaviors of middle school students by means of instrumental variable.The finding suggest that extracurricular physical activities will significantly increase the deviant behaviors of middle school students.This discovery reveals the complex social consequences of physical activity,The principle of rules,fairness,cooperation and moderation should be adopted to regulate the extracurricular physical activities of primary and middle school students.
Most of the previous studies on the impact of sports on the deviant behavior of adolescent student did not consider the endogeneity issues.Base on the data from China Education Panel Survey(CEPS),this study examined the relationships between extracurricular physical activities and deviation behaviors of middle school students by means of instrumental variable.The finding suggest that extracurricular physical activities will significantly increase the deviant behaviors of middle school students.This discovery reveals the complex social consequences of physical activity,The principle of rules,fairness,cooperation and moderation should be adopted to regulate the extracurricular physical activities of primary and middle school students.
引文
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(1)偏差行为(Deviant Behavior)又称越轨行为、偏离行为,是指被社会成员判定违反社会准则或价值观念的任何思想和行为,包括犯罪、违法和不道德的行为和思想。见道格拉斯,瓦克斯勒.越轨社会学概论[M].张宁,朱欣民,译.石家庄:河北人民出版社,1986。
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[9]Green K,Nelson T F,Hartmann D.Binge drinking and sports participation in college:Patterns among athletes and former athletes[J].International review for the sociology of sport,2014,49(3-4):417-434.
[10]De Wet N,Muloiwa T,Odimegwu C.Extra-curricular activities and youth risky behaviours in South Africa[J].International Journal of Adolescence and Youth,2018,23(4):431-440.
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[14]Spruit A,Van Vugt E,van der Put C,et al.Sports participation and juvenile delinquency:A meta-analytic review[J].Journal of youth and adolescence,2016,45(4):655-671.
[15]Feldman A F,Matjasko J L.The role of school-based extracurricular activities in adolescent development:Acomprehensive review and future directions[J].Review of educational research,2005,75(2):159-210.
[16]Kreager D A.Unnecessary roughness?School sports,peer networks,and male adolescent violence[J].American sociological review,2007,72(5):705-724.
[17]Kelley M S,Sokol-Katz J.Examining participation in school sports and patterns of delinquency using the national longitudinal study of adolescent health[J].Sociological Focus,2011,44(2):81-101.
[18]Han S,Lee J,Park K G.The impact of extracurricular activities participation on youth delinquent behaviors:An instrumental variables approach[J].Journal of adolescence,2017(58):84-95.
[19]伍德里奇.计量经济学导论:现代观点[M].张成思,李红,张步昙,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2015.
[20]陈云松,范晓光.社会学定量分析中的内生性问题---测估社会互动的因果效应研究综述[J].社会,2010,30(04):91-117.
[21]陈云松.逻辑、想象和诠释:工具变量在社会科学因果推断中的应用[J].社会学研究,2012,27(06):192-246.
[22]吕路,梅小玲,卢芬,高见和至.体育活动对大学生攻击性的影响:羞涩的中介作用[J].北京体育大学学报,2014,37(06):70-75.
[23]颜军,李崎,张智锴,王碧野,朱风书.校园课外体育锻炼对小学高年级学生身体自尊和自信的影响[J].体育与科学,2019,40(02):100-104.
[24]孙双明,刘波,孙妍,陈颇,郭振.青少年体育参与和社会适应关系的实证研究---以清华大学为个案[J].北京体育大学学报,2019,42(02):76-125.
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[26]Hirschi T.Causes of delinquency[M].London:Routledge,2017.
[27]Hughes R,Coakley J.Positive deviance among athletes:The implications of overconformity to the sport ethic[J].Sociology of sport journal,1991,8(4):307-325.
[28]Akers R L.Deviant behavior:A social learning approach[M].Belmant,CA:Wadsworth Publishing Company,1985.
[29]Akers R L,Lee G.A longitudinal test of social learning theory:Adolescent smoking[J].Journal of drug issues,1996,26(2):317-343.
[30]Miller J W,Naimi T S,Brewer R D,et al.Binge drinking and associated health risk behaviors among high school students[J].Pediatrics,2007,119(1):76-85.
[31]Miller K E,Melnick M J,Barnes G M,et al.Untangling the links among athletic involvement,gender,race,and adolescent academic outcomes[J].Sociology of sport journal,2005,22(2):178-193.
[32]Messner,Michael,Don Sabo.Sex,Violence and Power in Sports:Rethinking Masculinity[M].Freedom,CA:Crossing Press,1994.
[33]Fredricks J A,Eccles J S.Is extracurricular participation associated with beneficial outcomes?Concurrent and longitudinal relations[J].Developmental psychology,2006,42(4):698.
[34]Guest A M,McRee N.A school-level analysis of adolescent extracurricular activity,delinquency,and depression:The importance of situational context[J].Journal of youth and adolescence,2009,38(1):51.
[35]Simons R L,Whitbeck L B,Conger R D,et al.Parenting factors,social skills,and value commitments as precursors to school failure,involvement with deviant peers,and delinquent behavior[J].Journal of Youth and Adolescence,1991,20(6):645-664.
[36]Harris A R.Sex and theories of deviance:Toward a functional theory of deviant type-scripts[J].American Sociological Review,1977:3-16.
[37]Eme R F.Sex differences in child-onset,life-coursepersistent conduct disorder.A review of biological influences[J].Clinical Psychology Review,2007,27(5):607-627.
[38]DeLisi M.Criminal psychology[M].San Diego,CA:Bridgepoint Education,2013.
[39]郭未,杨胜慧,郑晓瑛.中国城市青少年问题行为考察[J].城市问题,2013(01):74-80.
[40]Gottfredson M R,Hirschi T.A general theory of crime[M].Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1990.
[41]Moffitt T E,Arseneault L,Belsky D,et al.A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health,wealth,and public safety[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2011,108(7):2693-2698.
[42]De Ridder D T D,Lensvelt-Mulders G.Taking stock of self-control:A meta-analysis of how trait self-control relates to a wide range of behaviors[M]//Self-Regulation and Self-Control.Routledge,2018:221-274.
[43]Brechwald W A,Prinstein M J.Beyond homophily:Adecade of advances in understanding peer influence processes[J].Journal of Research on Adolescence,2011,21(1):166-179.
[44]Veenstra R,Dijkstra J K,Steglich C,et al.Networkbehavior dynamics[J].Journal of Research on Adolescence,2013,23(3):399-412.
[45]Thornberry T P.Toward an interactional theory of delinquency[J].Criminology,1987,25(4):863-892.
[46]Arnett J J.The myth of peer influence in adolescent smoking initiation[J].Health Education&Behavior,2007,34(4):594-607.
[47]Jessor R,Van Den Bos J,Vanderryn J,et al.Protective factors in adolescent problem behavior:Moderator effects and developmental change[J].Developmental psychology,1995,31(6):923.
[48]Benson M J,Buehler C.Family process and peer deviance influences on adolescent aggression:Longitudinal effects across early and middle adolescence[J].Child development,2012,83(4):1213-1228.
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(1)偏差行为(Deviant Behavior)又称越轨行为、偏离行为,是指被社会成员判定违反社会准则或价值观念的任何思想和行为,包括犯罪、违法和不道德的行为和思想。见道格拉斯,瓦克斯勒.越轨社会学概论[M].张宁,朱欣民,译.石家庄:河北人民出版社,1986。
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