辽东山区古石河森林群落结构及演替趋势分析
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摘要
基于辽东山区古石河森林群落26个样方的调查数据,对该区域落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林和暗针叶林内乔木层种类的胸径(DBH)和树高(H)的分布状况进行了统计和分析,并采用径级代替龄级的方法对3种林型森林群落内乔木种群的径级结构进行了分析;在此基础上探讨了辽东山区古石河森林群落的演替趋势。结果表明:落叶阔叶林乔木层的小径级(5.0 cm≤DBH<15.0 cm)和中径级(15.0 cm≤DBH<45.0 cm)植株所占比例分别为48.3%和49.9%,而针阔混交林和暗针叶林乔木层的中径级植株所占比例分别为61.9%和69.8%,3种林型森林群落内乔木层的大径级(DBH≥45.0 cm)植株所占比例均低于5.0%。落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林和暗针叶林乔木层的高大(8 m≤H<24 m)植株所占比例分别为67.1%、83.7%和91.9%,较高(4 m≤H<8 m)植株所占比例分别为29.2%、12.7%和7.4%,而矮小(H<4 m)和超高(H≥24 m)植株所占比例均低于3.0%。从径级结构看,落叶阔叶林内乔木种类有30种(包括亚种和变种,下同),包括扩展种15种、隐退种9种、稳定侵入种5种和随机侵入种1种;针阔混交林内乔木种类有27种,包括扩展种12种、隐退种13种、稳定侵入种1种和随机侵入种1种;暗针叶林乔木种类有19种,包括扩展种6种、隐退种10种和稳定侵入种3种,但无随机侵入种。研究结果显示:现阶段,辽东山区古石河森林群落处于相对稳定的状态,且3种林型森林群落均处于向顶级群落演替的后期阶段,能够对该地区的古石河冰缘地貌环境起到很好的稳定和整合作用。
Based on survey data of 26 plots of forest communities in paleo-stone stream of mountainous area of Eastern Liaoning, statistics and analysis on distribution status of diameter at breast height(DBH) and height(H) of species in arbor layer of deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and dark coniferous forest in this area was carried out, and diameter class structure of tree populations in three forest types of forest communities was analyzed by method of diameter class instead of age class. On the basis, succession trend of forest communities in paleo-stone stream of mountainous area of Eastern Liaoning was explored. The results show that percentages of small diameter class(5.0 cm≤DBH<15.0 cm) and medium diameter class(15.0 cm≤DBH<45.0 cm) plants in arbor layer of deciduous broad-leaved forest are 48.3% and 49.9%, respectively, while those of medium diameter class plants in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and dark coniferous forest are 61.9% and 69.8%, respectively, and those of large diameter class(DBH≥45.0 cm) plants in arbor layer of three forest types of forest communities are lower than 5.0%. Percentages of higher(8 m≤H<24 m) plants in arbor layer of deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and dark coniferous forest are 67.1%, 83.7% and 91.9%, respectively, those of high(4 m≤H<8 m) plants are 29.2%, 12.7% and 7.4%, respectively, while those of dwarf(H<4 m) and super high(H≥24 m) plants are lower than 3.0%. From the view of diameter class structure, there are 30 species(containing subspecies and varieties, the same below) of trees in deciduous broad-leaved forest, containing 15 expansive species, 9 seclusive species, 5 stable invasive species and 1 random invasive species. There are 27 species of trees in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, containing 12 expansive species, 13 seclusive species, 1 stable invasive species and 1 random invasive species. There are 19 species of trees in dark coniferous forest, containing 6 expansive species, 10 seclusive species and 3 stable invasive species, but no random invasive species. It is suggested that at present, the forest communities in paleo-stone stream of mountainous area of Eastern Liaoning are in a relatively stable state, and three forest types of forest communities are in the late stage of succession toward the climax community, and they can play good roles in stabilization and integration to periglacial geomorphic environment of paleo-stone stream in this area.
Based on survey data of 26 plots of forest communities in paleo-stone stream of mountainous area of Eastern Liaoning, statistics and analysis on distribution status of diameter at breast height(DBH) and height(H) of species in arbor layer of deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and dark coniferous forest in this area was carried out, and diameter class structure of tree populations in three forest types of forest communities was analyzed by method of diameter class instead of age class. On the basis, succession trend of forest communities in paleo-stone stream of mountainous area of Eastern Liaoning was explored. The results show that percentages of small diameter class(5.0 cm≤DBH<15.0 cm) and medium diameter class(15.0 cm≤DBH<45.0 cm) plants in arbor layer of deciduous broad-leaved forest are 48.3% and 49.9%, respectively, while those of medium diameter class plants in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and dark coniferous forest are 61.9% and 69.8%, respectively, and those of large diameter class(DBH≥45.0 cm) plants in arbor layer of three forest types of forest communities are lower than 5.0%. Percentages of higher(8 m≤H<24 m) plants in arbor layer of deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and dark coniferous forest are 67.1%, 83.7% and 91.9%, respectively, those of high(4 m≤H<8 m) plants are 29.2%, 12.7% and 7.4%, respectively, while those of dwarf(H<4 m) and super high(H≥24 m) plants are lower than 3.0%. From the view of diameter class structure, there are 30 species(containing subspecies and varieties, the same below) of trees in deciduous broad-leaved forest, containing 15 expansive species, 9 seclusive species, 5 stable invasive species and 1 random invasive species. There are 27 species of trees in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, containing 12 expansive species, 13 seclusive species, 1 stable invasive species and 1 random invasive species. There are 19 species of trees in dark coniferous forest, containing 6 expansive species, 10 seclusive species and 3 stable invasive species, but no random invasive species. It is suggested that at present, the forest communities in paleo-stone stream of mountainous area of Eastern Liaoning are in a relatively stable state, and three forest types of forest communities are in the late stage of succession toward the climax community, and they can play good roles in stabilization and integration to periglacial geomorphic environment of paleo-stone stream in this area.
引文
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[13] 欧光龙,陈金龙,陈洁.云南松林火烧迹地自然更新群落的物种组成及演替特征分析[J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(4):9-15.
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[15] 刘剑刚,张华,伏捷,等.辽东山地老秃顶子冰缘地貌特征及其环境意义[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(6):1420-1429.
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[17] 张华,刘剑刚,伏捷,等.辽东山地老秃顶子冰缘地貌植物群落类型及基本特征[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(2):500-510.
[18] 金潇,付敏,杨敏.桓仁岩堆地貌特征与属性初探[J].安全与环境工程,2016,23(5):1-6.
[19] 方精云,沈泽昊,唐志尧,等.“中国山地植物物种多样性调查计划”及若干技术规范[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1):5-9.
[20] 李立,陈建华,任海保,等.古田山常绿阔叶林优势树种甜槠和木荷的空间格局分析[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(3):241-252.
[21] 李剑源,刘德栋,吕蕊.老秃顶子国家级自然保护区科学考察报告集[M].沈阳:沈阳出版发行集团沈阳出版社,2016.
[22] 李秀芬,王平华,刘江,等.辽东山区 1960—2015年降水极值特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2160-2168.
[23] 谭炳炎,姚一江.山啸[J].铁道工程学报,1984(3):74-77.
[24] 董厚德,唐炯炎.辽东山地“乱石窖”植被演替规律的初步研究[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,1965,3(1):117-130.
[25] 伏捷,孙才志,张华,等.辽东山地老秃顶子古冰缘地貌植物种群生态位特征[J].地理研究,2018,37(4):731-741.
[2] 武吉华,张绅,江源,等.植物地理学[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2004:200-201.
[3] 张金屯.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[4] 刘楠楠,刘佳,张明月,等.湖南桃源洞国家级自然保护区台湾松+檫木群落特征[J].植物资源与环境学报,2017,26(4):84-92.
[5] 李庆康,马克平.植物群落演替过程中植物生理生态学特性及其主要环境因子的变化[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(增刊):9-19.
[6] 刘秀珍,张峰,张金屯,等.管涔山撂荒地植物群落演替过程中优势种种间关系分析[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2010,33(1):142-146.
[7] 张岗岗,王得祥,张明霞,等.秦岭南坡松栎林群落演替过程中种间联结性和相关性研究[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(8):1657-1668.
[8] HUANTE P,RINCON E,CHAPIN F S,Ⅲ.Responses to phosphorus of contrasting successiongal tree-seedling species from the tropical deciduous forest of Mexico[J].Functional Ecology,1995,9(5):760-766.
[9] 张庆费,宋永昌,由文辉.浙江天童植物群落次生演替与土壤肥力的关系[J].生态学报,1999,19(2):174-178.
[10] 王世雄,王孝安,李国庆,等.陕西子午岭植物群落演替过程中物种多样性变化与环境解释[J].生态学报,2010,30(6):1638-1647.
[11] 张金屯,邱扬,柴宝峰,等.吕梁山严村低中山区植物群落演替分析[J].植物资源与环境学报,2000,9(2):34-39.
[12] 万慧霖,冯宗炜.庐山常绿阔叶林物种组成及其演替趋势[J].生态学报,2008,28(3):1147-1157.
[13] 欧光龙,陈金龙,陈洁.云南松林火烧迹地自然更新群落的物种组成及演替特征分析[J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(4):9-15.
[14] 刘珉.多角度解读第八次全国森林资源清查结果[J].林业经济,2014(5):3-10.
[15] 刘剑刚,张华,伏捷,等.辽东山地老秃顶子冰缘地貌特征及其环境意义[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(6):1420-1429.
[16] 郭长泰.老秃顶子自然保护区跳石塘地貌和跳石塘植被调查报告[J].辽宁林业科技,1996(1):28-31.
[17] 张华,刘剑刚,伏捷,等.辽东山地老秃顶子冰缘地貌植物群落类型及基本特征[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(2):500-510.
[18] 金潇,付敏,杨敏.桓仁岩堆地貌特征与属性初探[J].安全与环境工程,2016,23(5):1-6.
[19] 方精云,沈泽昊,唐志尧,等.“中国山地植物物种多样性调查计划”及若干技术规范[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1):5-9.
[20] 李立,陈建华,任海保,等.古田山常绿阔叶林优势树种甜槠和木荷的空间格局分析[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(3):241-252.
[21] 李剑源,刘德栋,吕蕊.老秃顶子国家级自然保护区科学考察报告集[M].沈阳:沈阳出版发行集团沈阳出版社,2016.
[22] 李秀芬,王平华,刘江,等.辽东山区 1960—2015年降水极值特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2160-2168.
[23] 谭炳炎,姚一江.山啸[J].铁道工程学报,1984(3):74-77.
[24] 董厚德,唐炯炎.辽东山地“乱石窖”植被演替规律的初步研究[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,1965,3(1):117-130.
[25] 伏捷,孙才志,张华,等.辽东山地老秃顶子古冰缘地貌植物种群生态位特征[J].地理研究,2018,37(4):731-741.
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