分流两段式土壤渗滤系统脱氮效果及机理研究
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摘要
为解决传统土壤渗滤系统占地面积过大的问题,采用多级土壤渗滤系统和地下渗滤系统组合的新型两段式污水处理工艺,研究了在高水力负荷0.3m/d条件下分流比对其脱氮效果的影响,并通过实时定量PCR技术对不同层级的脱氮功能基因数量进行检测,进一步探究该系统中微生物脱氮机理.水质监测结果表明,分流措施可以显著提高两段式土壤渗滤系统在高负荷下的脱氮能力,当分流比为1:2时系统污染物去除能力最佳,对化学需氧量(COD)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH_4~+-N)、总氮(TN)的平均去除率分别达到91.16%、96.91%、72.11%和72.27%.脱氮功能基因丰度分析结果表明,多级土壤渗滤系统中的硝化及厌氧氨氧化和地下渗滤系统中的硝化反硝化的耦合作用是该工艺微生物脱氮的主要途径.
In order to solve the problem of large footprints of traditional soil infiltration systems, a two-stage soil infiltration systemconsisting of a multi-soil-layering(MSL) system and a subsurface wastewater infiltration(SWI) system was developed. Theinfluences of different shunt ratios on nitrogen removal performances were investigated under a high hydraulic loading rate(HLR) of0.3 m/d. And the abundances of nitrogen functional genes in different layers were also analysed by real-time quantitative PCR forfurther disclosing the nitrogen removal mechanisms. The results showed that the shunt distributing wastewater certainly improvedthe nitrogen removal under high HLRs. The optimal removal efficiencies of 91.16% for COD, 96.91% for TP, 72.11% for NH_4~+-Nand 72.27% for TN were obtained in the system with shunt ratio of 1:2. Furthermore, the study on nitrogen functional genes indicatedthat nitrification and anammox in the MSL system coupled with nitrification and denitrification in the SWI system were the mainnitrogen removal pathway in the two-stage soil infiltration system.
In order to solve the problem of large footprints of traditional soil infiltration systems, a two-stage soil infiltration systemconsisting of a multi-soil-layering(MSL) system and a subsurface wastewater infiltration(SWI) system was developed. Theinfluences of different shunt ratios on nitrogen removal performances were investigated under a high hydraulic loading rate(HLR) of0.3 m/d. And the abundances of nitrogen functional genes in different layers were also analysed by real-time quantitative PCR forfurther disclosing the nitrogen removal mechanisms. The results showed that the shunt distributing wastewater certainly improvedthe nitrogen removal under high HLRs. The optimal removal efficiencies of 91.16% for COD, 96.91% for TP, 72.11% for NH_4~+-Nand 72.27% for TN were obtained in the system with shunt ratio of 1:2. Furthermore, the study on nitrogen functional genes indicatedthat nitrification and anammox in the MSL system coupled with nitrification and denitrification in the SWI system were the mainnitrogen removal pathway in the two-stage soil infiltration system.
引文
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[23]Zou J L,Dai Y,Sun T H,et al.Effect of amended soil and hydraulic load on enhanced biological nitrogen removal in lab-scale SWIS.[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,163(2/3):816.
[24]潘晶.污水地下渗滤系统强化脱氮试验研究[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(9):1456-1460.Pan J.Studies on intensified nitrogen removal in subsurface wastewater infiltration system[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(9):1456-1460.
[25]Pan J,Qi S,Sun Y,et al.Nitrogen removal and nitrogen functional gene abundances in three subsurface wastewater infiltration systems under different modes of aeration and influent C/N ratios[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,241:1162.
[26]王振,刘超翔,董健,等.分流比对土壤渗滤系统脱氮效果的影响研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(7):1926-1931.Wang Z,Liu C X,Dong J,et al.Effects of diffluent ratio on removal of nitrogen in the constructed soil infiltration system[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(7):1926-1931.
[27]Li Y,Li H,Wang X,et al.Changes in microbial populations and enzyme activities during nitrogen biodegradation of domestic sewage treatment in the subsurface wastewater infiltration system(SWIS)[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,2011,87(4):431.
[28]Knapp C W,Dodds W K,Wilson K C,et al.Spatial heterogeneity of denitrification genes in a highly homogenous urban stream[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(12):4273.
[29]吴浩恩,魏才倢,吴为中,等.多级土壤渗滤系统处理低有机污染水的脱氮效果与机理解析[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(12):4392-4399.Wu H E,Wei C J,Wu W Z,et al.Study on nitrogen removal performance and mechanism of external carbon source added twostages multi-soil-layering systems for low pollutant loading waste water treatment[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae.2016,36(12):4392-4399.
[30]Hollocher T C,Tate M E,Nicholas D J.Oxidation of ammonia by Nitrosomonas europaea.Definite 18O-tracer evidence that hydroxylamine formation involves a monooxygenase[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1981,256(21):10834-10836.
[31]Rotthauwe J H,Witzel K P,Liesack W.The ammonia monooxygenase structural gene amo A as a functional marker:molecular fine-scale analysis of natural ammonia-oxidizing populations[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1997,63(12):4704.
[32]Stramma L,Johnson G C,Sprintall J,et al.Expanding oxygenminimum zones in the tropical oceans[J].Science,2008,320(5876):655-658.
[33]Bae H,Park K S,Chung Y C,et al.Distribution of anammox bacteria in domestic WWTPs and their enrichments evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR[J].Process Biochemistry,2010,45(3):323-334.
[34]Pan J,Yu L,Li G Z,et al.Characteristics of microbial populations and enzyme activities in non-shunt and shunt subsurface wastewater infiltration systems during nitrogen removal[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,61(61):127-132.
[35]甄建园,于德爽,王晓霞,等.低C/N(<3)条件下SNEDPR系统启动及其脱氮除磷特性研究[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(8):2960-2967.Zhen J Y,Yu D S,Wang X X,et al.The nutrient removal characteristic of SNEDPR system during start-up and steady operation phases treating low C/N(<3)sewage.China Environmental Science,2018,38(8):2960-2967.
[2]魏才倢,朱擎,吴为中,等.两段式沸石多级土壤渗滤系统强化脱氮试验[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(8):833-838.Wei C J,Zhu Q,Wu W Z,et al.Study of improving nitrogen removal efficiency of two-stage multi-soil-layering filled zeolite in permeable layer[J].China Environmental Science,2009,29(8):833-838.
[3]王士满,王鑫,王洪.地下渗滤系统基质组配及脱氮效果[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(17):89-92.Wang S M,Wang X,Wang H.Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration system matrix assembly and nitrogen removal efficiency[J].China Water&Wastewater,2017,33(17):89-92.
[4]邓凯文,李建政,赵博玮.WFSI处理低C/N比养猪废水的效果及脱氮机制[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):87-91.Dheng K W,Li J Z,Zhao B W.Efficiency and denitrification mechanism in a wood-chip-framework soil infiltrator treating piggery wastewater with low C/N ratio.China Environmental Science,2016,36(1):87-91.
[5]Pan J,Yuan F,Yu L,et al.Performance of organics and nitrogen removal in subsurface wastewater infiltration systems by intermittent aeration and shunt distributing wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology2016,211:774-778.
[6]Li Y,Li H,Sun T,et al.Study on nitrogen removal enhanced by shunt distributing wastewater in a constructed subsurface infiltration system under intermittent operation mode[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,189(1/2):336-341.
[7]Yang Y,Zhan X,Wu S,et al.Effect of hydraulic loading rate on pollutant removal efficiency in subsurface infiltration system under intermittent operation and micro-power aeration[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,205:174-182.
[8]Wakatsuki T,Esumi H,Omura S.High performance on-site domestic waste water treatment system by multi-soil-layering method[J].Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment,1991,14(10):709-719,656.
[9]Sato K,Iwashima N,Wakatsuki T,et al.Quantitative evaluation of treatment processes and mechanisms of organic matter,phosphorus,and nitrogen removal in a multi-soil-layering system[J].Soil Science&Plant Nutrition,2011,57(3):475-486.
[10]Zhang L Y,Ye Y B,Wang L J,et al.Nitrogen removal processes in deep subsurface wastewater infiltration systems[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,77(23):275-283.
[11]An C,Mcbean E,Huang G,et al.Multi-soil-layering systems for wastewater treatment in small and remote communities[J].Journal of Environmental Informatics,2017,27(2):131-144.
[12]Yuan H,Nie J,Zhu L G N.An effective method for decentralized wastewater treatment:addition of polyurethane foam to subsurface wastewater infiltration system[J].Desalination&Water Treatment,2013,51(34-36):6592-6600.
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].第4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社.State Environmental Protection Administration of China.Monitoring and analysis methods for water and wastewater[M].4th ed.China Environmental Science Press,2002.
[14]Ji G,Zhi W,Tan Y.Association of nitrogen micro-cycle functional genes in subsurface wastewater infiltration systems[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,44(3):269-277.
[15]Gelsomino A,Badalucco L,Ambrosoli R,et al.Changes in chemical and biological soil properties as induced by anthropogenic disturbance A case study of an agricultural soil under recurrent flooding by wastewaters[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2006,38(8):2069-2080.
[16]Vymazal J,Kr?pfelováL.Removal of organics in constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow:a review of the field experience.[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(13):3911-3922.
[17]Scandura J E,Sobsey M D.Viral and bacterial contamination of groundwater from on-site sewage treatment systems[J].Water Science&Technology,1997,35(11/12):141-146.
[18]郭俊元,周禺伶,江世林,等.多级土壤渗漏系统处理农村生活污水[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(9):3380-3390.Guo J Y,Zhou Y L,Jiang S L,et al.Multi soil layering filter and its performance in rural domestic sewage treatment[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(9):3380-3390.
[19]Martens-Habbena W,Berube P M,Urakawa H,et al.Ammonia oxidation kinetics determine niche separation of nitrifying Archaea and Bacteria.[J].Nature,2009,461(7266):976-979.
[20]Kadlec R H,Tanner C C,Hally V M,et al.Nitrogen spiraling in subsurface-flow constructed wetlands:Implications for treatment response[J].Ecological Engineering,2005,25(4):365-381.
[21]Sato K,Masunaga T,Wakatsuki T.Characterization of treatment processes and mechanisms of COD,Phosphorus and Nitrogen removal in a multi-soil-layering System[J].Soil Science&Plant Nutrition,2005,51(2):213-221.
[22]Pan J,Yuan F,Zhang Y,et al.Nitrogen removal in subsurface wastewater infiltration systems with and without intermittent aeration[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,94:471-477.
[23]Zou J L,Dai Y,Sun T H,et al.Effect of amended soil and hydraulic load on enhanced biological nitrogen removal in lab-scale SWIS.[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,163(2/3):816.
[24]潘晶.污水地下渗滤系统强化脱氮试验研究[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(9):1456-1460.Pan J.Studies on intensified nitrogen removal in subsurface wastewater infiltration system[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(9):1456-1460.
[25]Pan J,Qi S,Sun Y,et al.Nitrogen removal and nitrogen functional gene abundances in three subsurface wastewater infiltration systems under different modes of aeration and influent C/N ratios[J].Bioresource Technology,2017,241:1162.
[26]王振,刘超翔,董健,等.分流比对土壤渗滤系统脱氮效果的影响研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(7):1926-1931.Wang Z,Liu C X,Dong J,et al.Effects of diffluent ratio on removal of nitrogen in the constructed soil infiltration system[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(7):1926-1931.
[27]Li Y,Li H,Wang X,et al.Changes in microbial populations and enzyme activities during nitrogen biodegradation of domestic sewage treatment in the subsurface wastewater infiltration system(SWIS)[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,2011,87(4):431.
[28]Knapp C W,Dodds W K,Wilson K C,et al.Spatial heterogeneity of denitrification genes in a highly homogenous urban stream[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(12):4273.
[29]吴浩恩,魏才倢,吴为中,等.多级土壤渗滤系统处理低有机污染水的脱氮效果与机理解析[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(12):4392-4399.Wu H E,Wei C J,Wu W Z,et al.Study on nitrogen removal performance and mechanism of external carbon source added twostages multi-soil-layering systems for low pollutant loading waste water treatment[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae.2016,36(12):4392-4399.
[30]Hollocher T C,Tate M E,Nicholas D J.Oxidation of ammonia by Nitrosomonas europaea.Definite 18O-tracer evidence that hydroxylamine formation involves a monooxygenase[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1981,256(21):10834-10836.
[31]Rotthauwe J H,Witzel K P,Liesack W.The ammonia monooxygenase structural gene amo A as a functional marker:molecular fine-scale analysis of natural ammonia-oxidizing populations[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1997,63(12):4704.
[32]Stramma L,Johnson G C,Sprintall J,et al.Expanding oxygenminimum zones in the tropical oceans[J].Science,2008,320(5876):655-658.
[33]Bae H,Park K S,Chung Y C,et al.Distribution of anammox bacteria in domestic WWTPs and their enrichments evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR[J].Process Biochemistry,2010,45(3):323-334.
[34]Pan J,Yu L,Li G Z,et al.Characteristics of microbial populations and enzyme activities in non-shunt and shunt subsurface wastewater infiltration systems during nitrogen removal[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,61(61):127-132.
[35]甄建园,于德爽,王晓霞,等.低C/N(<3)条件下SNEDPR系统启动及其脱氮除磷特性研究[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(8):2960-2967.Zhen J Y,Yu D S,Wang X X,et al.The nutrient removal characteristic of SNEDPR system during start-up and steady operation phases treating low C/N(<3)sewage.China Environmental Science,2018,38(8):2960-2967.
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