正交法优化牛油果种子粗脂肪提取工艺
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摘要
为了优化牛油果种子粗脂肪的提取工艺,该试验以干燥牛油果种子粉末为原料,采用索式提取法提取牛油果种子粗脂肪,分析了不同溶剂、不同料液比、不同提取温度和不同提取时间4个因素对牛油果种子粗脂肪提取率的影响。结果表明:在试验条件下, 4个因素对提取率的影响均达极显著水平,对提取率的影响从大到小依次为料液比>提取时间>提取温度>溶剂种类。当溶剂为石油醚,温度为50℃,料液比为1︰45 g/mL,提取时间为14 h时,提取率最高。该试验为优化牛油果种子粗脂肪的提取工艺提供参考,为牛油果资源的进一步研究和利用打下了基础。
In order to optimize the extraction process of crude fat from avocado seeds, the powder of dry Butyrospermum parkii seeds was used as material, to analyze the crude fat extraction yield under different solvents, different solid-liquid ratio,different extraction temperature and different extraction time by using Soxhlet extraction. The results showed that the effects of four factors on the extraction rate were all extremely significant, and the four factors affecting the extraction rate in a descending order which was the material-liquid ratio>extraction time>extraction temperature>solvent type. The extraction yield was the highest, when the solvent was petroleum ether, temperature was 50 ℃, liquid ratio was 1︰45 g/mL, and extracting time was 14 h. This study provided a reference for optimizing the extraction process of crude fat from avocado seeds and lays a foundation for further research and utilization of avocado resources.
In order to optimize the extraction process of crude fat from avocado seeds, the powder of dry Butyrospermum parkii seeds was used as material, to analyze the crude fat extraction yield under different solvents, different solid-liquid ratio,different extraction temperature and different extraction time by using Soxhlet extraction. The results showed that the effects of four factors on the extraction rate were all extremely significant, and the four factors affecting the extraction rate in a descending order which was the material-liquid ratio>extraction time>extraction temperature>solvent type. The extraction yield was the highest, when the solvent was petroleum ether, temperature was 50 ℃, liquid ratio was 1︰45 g/mL, and extracting time was 14 h. This study provided a reference for optimizing the extraction process of crude fat from avocado seeds and lays a foundation for further research and utilization of avocado resources.
引文
[1]葛宇,司雄元,林兴娥,等.油梨研究进展[J].中国南方果树, 2017, 46(1):148-155.
[2]王佳雅,尚艳娥,张丹,等.不同产地及成熟度牛油果及其油脂品质比较[J].中国油脂, 2018, 43(2):94-97, 103.
[3] B?HRLE-RAPP M. Butyrospermum parkii butter extract[M].Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und K?rperpflege. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007:80.
[4]汤秀华,王文林,谭德锦.油梨的营养功效与经济价值[J].中国热带农业, 2014(4):42-44.
[5] TAPONDJOU L A, NYAA L B, TANE P, et al. Cytotoxic and antioxidant triterpene saponins from Butyrospermum parkii(Sapotaceae)[J]. Carbohydrate Research, 2011, 346(17):2699-2704.
[6] TELLA A. Preliminary studies on nasal decongestant activity from the seed of the shea butter tree, Butyrospermum parkii[J]. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2012, 7(5):495-497.
[7]ARNAUDWG,TAMBAS,SYLVIEH,etal.Fast non-aqueousreversed-phaseliquidchromatography separation of triacylglycerol regioisomers with isocratic mobile phase:Application to different oils and fats[J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2017, 1041-1042(15):151-157.
[8] MBAIGUINAM K, MBAYHOUDEL C DJEKOTA. Physical and chemical characteristics of fruits, pulps, kernels and butter of shea Butyrospermum parkii(Sapotaceae)from Mandoul,southern Chad[J]. Asian Journal of Biochemistry, 2007, 2(2):101-110.
[9] KAPSEU C, BUP D N, TCHIEGANG C, et al. Effect of particle size and drying temperature on drying rate and oil extracted yields of Buccholzia coriacea(MVAN)and Butyrospermumparkii ENGL[J]. International Journal of Food Science&Technology, 2007, 42(5):573-578.
[10] MBATCHOU V C, ADOUM O M. Growth inhibitory effects of Solvent extracts of selected plants onβ-lactamase producing bacteria[J]. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2010,9(4):362-367.
[11]蒲海燕.牛油果奶昔的工艺研究[J].饮料工业, 2017,20(1):46-49.
[12]刘玉兰,王晨曦,裴雅晓.花椒籽油品质及精炼效果研究[J].中国油脂, 2015, 40(8):81-84.
[13] CASTRO M D L D, GARCIA?-AYUSO L E. Soxhlet extraction of solid materials:An outdated technique with a promising innovative future[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1998,369(1/2):1-10.
[14]李化,陈丽,唐琳,等.西南部分地区麻疯树种子油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析[J].中国应用与环境生物学杂志, 2006, 12(5):643-646.
[15] JUHAIMI F A,?ZCAN M M. Effect of cold press and soxhlet extraction systems on fatty acid, tocopherol contents,and phenolic compounds of various grape seed oils[J]. Journal of Food Processing&Preservation, 2017, 42(1):e13417.
[16] WARRA A A, BABATOLA L J, ABUBAKAR F, et al.Quality characteristics and cold saponification of hexane extract of two varieties of sesame seed(Sesamun indicum L)oil[J]. Scientia, 2016, 16(3):83-88.
[17]汤成龙,郝倩,王世雷,等.文冠果籽油的索式萃取及其组成分析[J].安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(29):16501-16504.
[18]钟红舰,魏红,汪红.索氏抽提法测定粗脂肪含量改进[J].中国油脂, 2004, 29(6):37-38.
[19]魏芳,易建伟,王新发,等.少量油菜种子含油量快速测定方法及应用[J].中国油料作物学报, 2009, 31(4):517-521.
[20]黄凤兰,徐福玲,邱靖,等.索氏提取法测定蓖麻种子粗脂肪含量的技术优化[J].内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 28(2):183-185.
[21]曹丽萍,李全,刘美佑,等.苍耳子中脂肪油提取工艺优化[J].数理医药学杂志, 2008, 21(6):712-713.
[22]赵会芳,张习金,张永康,等.索氏抽提法测定花生脂肪含量的方法改进[J].江苏农业科学, 2017, 45(10):154-156,163.
[23]张素英,何林. GC-MS对不同提取法的牛油果油化学成分的分析[J].食品工业, 2016, 37(6):284-287.
[24]刘雪芳,郝利平,常月梅.索氏抽提法提取核桃油工艺的优化[J].山西农业科学, 2017, 45(1):34-36.
[25]张军华,陈汀汀.花椒籽油提取工艺研究[J].中国粮油学报, 2008, 23(4):154-156.
[26]周莉,李佩璇,赵钰灵,等.响应面法优化南极磷虾粗脂肪索氏提取工艺[J].食品科学, 2017, 38(24):165-170.
[27]刘晓庚,夏养国,汪峰,等.海蓬子种子中脂肪酸组成成分分析[J].食品科学, 2005, 26(2):182-185.
[28]孔爱明.高油南瓜子筛选及籽油脂肪、氧化稳定性研究[D].太原:山西大学, 2009.
[29]边梅娜,白红进,曾红,等.赤霞珠葡萄籽油的提取及脂肪酸成分分析[J].食品科学, 2013, 34(16):297-300.
[2]王佳雅,尚艳娥,张丹,等.不同产地及成熟度牛油果及其油脂品质比较[J].中国油脂, 2018, 43(2):94-97, 103.
[3] B?HRLE-RAPP M. Butyrospermum parkii butter extract[M].Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und K?rperpflege. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007:80.
[4]汤秀华,王文林,谭德锦.油梨的营养功效与经济价值[J].中国热带农业, 2014(4):42-44.
[5] TAPONDJOU L A, NYAA L B, TANE P, et al. Cytotoxic and antioxidant triterpene saponins from Butyrospermum parkii(Sapotaceae)[J]. Carbohydrate Research, 2011, 346(17):2699-2704.
[6] TELLA A. Preliminary studies on nasal decongestant activity from the seed of the shea butter tree, Butyrospermum parkii[J]. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2012, 7(5):495-497.
[7]ARNAUDWG,TAMBAS,SYLVIEH,etal.Fast non-aqueousreversed-phaseliquidchromatography separation of triacylglycerol regioisomers with isocratic mobile phase:Application to different oils and fats[J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2017, 1041-1042(15):151-157.
[8] MBAIGUINAM K, MBAYHOUDEL C DJEKOTA. Physical and chemical characteristics of fruits, pulps, kernels and butter of shea Butyrospermum parkii(Sapotaceae)from Mandoul,southern Chad[J]. Asian Journal of Biochemistry, 2007, 2(2):101-110.
[9] KAPSEU C, BUP D N, TCHIEGANG C, et al. Effect of particle size and drying temperature on drying rate and oil extracted yields of Buccholzia coriacea(MVAN)and Butyrospermumparkii ENGL[J]. International Journal of Food Science&Technology, 2007, 42(5):573-578.
[10] MBATCHOU V C, ADOUM O M. Growth inhibitory effects of Solvent extracts of selected plants onβ-lactamase producing bacteria[J]. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2010,9(4):362-367.
[11]蒲海燕.牛油果奶昔的工艺研究[J].饮料工业, 2017,20(1):46-49.
[12]刘玉兰,王晨曦,裴雅晓.花椒籽油品质及精炼效果研究[J].中国油脂, 2015, 40(8):81-84.
[13] CASTRO M D L D, GARCIA?-AYUSO L E. Soxhlet extraction of solid materials:An outdated technique with a promising innovative future[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1998,369(1/2):1-10.
[14]李化,陈丽,唐琳,等.西南部分地区麻疯树种子油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析[J].中国应用与环境生物学杂志, 2006, 12(5):643-646.
[15] JUHAIMI F A,?ZCAN M M. Effect of cold press and soxhlet extraction systems on fatty acid, tocopherol contents,and phenolic compounds of various grape seed oils[J]. Journal of Food Processing&Preservation, 2017, 42(1):e13417.
[16] WARRA A A, BABATOLA L J, ABUBAKAR F, et al.Quality characteristics and cold saponification of hexane extract of two varieties of sesame seed(Sesamun indicum L)oil[J]. Scientia, 2016, 16(3):83-88.
[17]汤成龙,郝倩,王世雷,等.文冠果籽油的索式萃取及其组成分析[J].安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(29):16501-16504.
[18]钟红舰,魏红,汪红.索氏抽提法测定粗脂肪含量改进[J].中国油脂, 2004, 29(6):37-38.
[19]魏芳,易建伟,王新发,等.少量油菜种子含油量快速测定方法及应用[J].中国油料作物学报, 2009, 31(4):517-521.
[20]黄凤兰,徐福玲,邱靖,等.索氏提取法测定蓖麻种子粗脂肪含量的技术优化[J].内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 28(2):183-185.
[21]曹丽萍,李全,刘美佑,等.苍耳子中脂肪油提取工艺优化[J].数理医药学杂志, 2008, 21(6):712-713.
[22]赵会芳,张习金,张永康,等.索氏抽提法测定花生脂肪含量的方法改进[J].江苏农业科学, 2017, 45(10):154-156,163.
[23]张素英,何林. GC-MS对不同提取法的牛油果油化学成分的分析[J].食品工业, 2016, 37(6):284-287.
[24]刘雪芳,郝利平,常月梅.索氏抽提法提取核桃油工艺的优化[J].山西农业科学, 2017, 45(1):34-36.
[25]张军华,陈汀汀.花椒籽油提取工艺研究[J].中国粮油学报, 2008, 23(4):154-156.
[26]周莉,李佩璇,赵钰灵,等.响应面法优化南极磷虾粗脂肪索氏提取工艺[J].食品科学, 2017, 38(24):165-170.
[27]刘晓庚,夏养国,汪峰,等.海蓬子种子中脂肪酸组成成分分析[J].食品科学, 2005, 26(2):182-185.
[28]孔爱明.高油南瓜子筛选及籽油脂肪、氧化稳定性研究[D].太原:山西大学, 2009.
[29]边梅娜,白红进,曾红,等.赤霞珠葡萄籽油的提取及脂肪酸成分分析[J].食品科学, 2013, 34(16):297-300.