青少年正念对创伤后应激障碍和创伤后成长的影响
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摘要
目的:考察盐城龙卷风后青少年的正念水平对创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和创伤后成长(PTG)的影响,并检验复原力在其中的中介作用。方法:采用儿童创伤后应激障碍症状量表(CPSS)、创伤后成长问卷(PTGI)、五因素正念量表(FFMQ)和复原力问卷(CD-RISC)对822名盐城龙卷风18个月后的青少年进行调查。结果:一方面,正念可以直接负向预测PTSD,也可以通过复原力的中介负向预测PTSD;另一方面,正念可以直接正向预测PTG,也可以通过复原力的中介正向预测PTG。结论:特质正念水平有助于提升灾后青少年的复原力,从而有助于缓解PTSD症状,同时还可以促进个体提高PTG水平。
Objective: To examine the relationship among dispositional mindfulness, posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD),posttraumatic growth and resilience. Methods: This study investigated 822 adolescents at 18 months after Yancheng tornado by using Child PTSD Symptom Scale, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Results: Mindfulness had a direct and negative effect on PTSD, and it also exerted indirect and negative effect on PTSD via resilience. In addition, mindfulness had a direct and positive effect on PTG, and it also affected PTG positively by resilience. Conclusion: Higher dispositional mindfulness contributes to increasing resilience and thus protecting adolescents from posttraumatic stress disorder, while also promoting individuals to increase PTG.
Objective: To examine the relationship among dispositional mindfulness, posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD),posttraumatic growth and resilience. Methods: This study investigated 822 adolescents at 18 months after Yancheng tornado by using Child PTSD Symptom Scale, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Results: Mindfulness had a direct and negative effect on PTSD, and it also exerted indirect and negative effect on PTSD via resilience. In addition, mindfulness had a direct and positive effect on PTG, and it also affected PTG positively by resilience. Conclusion: Higher dispositional mindfulness contributes to increasing resilience and thus protecting adolescents from posttraumatic stress disorder, while also promoting individuals to increase PTG.
引文
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2 Lyu HM,Wang GF,Cheng WC,et al.Tornado hazards on June 23 in Jiangsu Province,China:Preliminary investigation and analysis.Natural Hazards,2017,85(1):597-604
3 An Y,Fu F,Wu X,et al.Longitudinal relationships between neuroticism,avoidant coping,and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China.Journal of Loss&Trauma,2013,18(6):556-571
4 Wang X,Gao L,Shinfuku N,et al.Longitudinal study of earthquake-related PTSD in a randomly selected community sample in north China.American Journal of Psychiatry,2000,157(8):1260-1266
5 Weathers FW.The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5(PCL-5):Development and initial psychometric analysis//29th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies,Philadelphia,PA,2013
6 Xu W,An Y,Ding X,et al.Dispositional mindfulness,negative posttraumatic beliefs,and academic burnout among adolescents following the 2016 Yancheng tornado.Personality&Individual Differences,2017,116:405-409
7 Norris FH,Friedman MJ,Watson PJ.60,000 disaster victims speak:Part II.Summary and implications of the disaster mental health research.Psychiatry-interpersonal&Biological Processes,2002,65(3):240-260
8 Zhang Y,Xu W,Yuan G.The relationship of posttraumatic cognitive change,posttraumatic stress disorder,and posttraumatic growth among Chinese adolescents after the Yancheng tornado:The mediating effect of rumination.Frontiers in Psychology,2018,9:474
9 Xu W,Ding X,Pei HG,et al.Dispositional mindfulness moderates the relationship between depression and posttraumatic growth in Chinese adolescents following a tornado.Personality&Individual Differences,2018,127:15-21
10 Tedeschi RG,Calhoun LG.The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory:Measuring the positive legacy of trauma.Journal of Traumatic Stress,1996,9(3):455-471
11 Wu X,Xiao Z,Wu Y,et al.The role of rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake.Frontiers in Psychology,2015,6:1335
12 Kabat-Zinn J.Mindfulness-based interventions in context:Past,present,and future.Clinical Psychology Science&Practice,2003,10(2):144-156
13 Brown KW,Ryan RM.The benefits of being present:Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2003,84(4):822-848
14 Frewen PA,Evans EM,Maraj N,et al.Letting go:Mindfulness and negative automatic thinking.Cognitive Therapy&Research,2008,32(6):758-774
15 Vrana C,Killeen T,Brant V,et al.Rationale,design,and implementation of a clinical trial of a mindfulness-based relapse prevention protocol for the treatment of women with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder.Contemporary Clinical Trials,2017,61:108-114
16 Xu W,Oei TP,Liu X,et al.The moderating and mediating roles of self-acceptance and tolerance to others in the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being.Journal of Health Psychology,2016,21(7):1446-1456
17 Xu W,Fu G,An Y,et al.Mindfulness,posttraumatic stress symptoms,depression,and social functioning impairment in Chinese adolescents following a tornado:Mediation of posttraumatic cognitive change.Psychiatry Research,2017,259:345-349
18 An Y,Yuan G,Zhang N,et al.Longitudinal cross-lagged relationships between mindfulness,posttraumatic stress symptoms,and posttraumatic growth in adolescents following the Yancheng tornado in China.Psychiatry Research,2018.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.034
19 Garland EL,Farb NA,Goldin PR,et al.Mindfulness broadens awareness and builds eudaimonic meaning:A process model of mindful positive emotion regulation.Psychological Inquiry,2015,26(4):293-314
20 Hanley AW,Garland EL,Tedeschi RG.Relating dispositional mindfulness,contemplative practice,and positive reappraisal with posttraumatic cognitive coping,stress,and growth.Psychological Trauma:Theory,Research,Practice,and Policy,2017,9(5):526-536
21 Tedeschi RG,Mcnally RJ.Can we facilitate posttraumatic growth in combat veterans?American Psychologist,2011,66(1):19-24
22贾士昱,刘建平,叶宝娟.正念对大学生生活满意度的影响:自尊和心理弹性的链式中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,2018,26(1):147-150
23 Bajaj B,Pande N.Mediating role of resilience in the impact of mindfulness on life satisfaction and affect as indices of subjective well-being.Personality&Individual Differences,2016,93(4):63-67
24 Verplanken B,Fisher N.Habitual worrying and benefits of mindfulness.Mindfulness,2014,5(5):566-573
25 Waugh CE,Fredrickson BL,Taylor SF.Adapting to life’s slings and arrows:Individual differences in resilience when recovering from an anticipated threat.Journal of Research in Personality,2008,42(4):1031-1046
26安媛媛,臧伟伟,伍新春,等.创伤暴露程度对中学生创伤后成长的影响--复原力的调节作用.心理科学,2011,34(3):727-732
27 Yuan G,Xu W,Liu Z,et al.Resilience,posttraumatic stress symptoms,and posttraumatic growth in Chinese adolescents after a tornado:The role of mediation through perceived social support.Journal of Nervous&Mental Disease,2018,206(2):130-135
28李仁莉,戴艳,林崇德,等.中学生创伤后成长、创伤后应激障碍的发展趋势:心理复原力的预测效应.心理发展与教育,2015,31(6):728-737
29周宵,伍新春.复原力与创伤后成长的关系:基于汶川地震后青少年的追踪研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2015,23(5):773-777
30安媛媛,苑广哲,伍新春,王文超.社会支持对震后青少年创伤后应激障碍和创伤后成长的影响:自我效能感的中介作用.心理发展与教育,2018,34(1):98-104
31 Wang J,Chen Y,Wang Y,et al.Revision of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and testing its reliability and validity.Journal of Nursing Science,2011,22(5):5-15
32 Deng YQ,Liu XH,Rodriguez MA,et al.The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire:Psychometric properties of the Chinese version.Mindfulness,2011,2(2):123-128
33 Yu X,Zhang J.Factor analysis and psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)with Chinese people.Social Behavior&Personality,2007,35(1):19-30
34 Hafer S,Joseph L,Graham JW.Missing data:Our view of the state of the art.Psychological Methods,2002,7(2):147-177
35 Podsakoff PM,Mackenzie SB,Lee JY,et al.Common method biases in behavioral research:A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.Journal of Applied Psychology,2003,88(5):879-903
36温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用.心理学报,2004,36(5):614-620
37 Baer RA.Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention:Aconceptual and empirical review.Clinical Psychology:Science and Practice,2003,10(2):125-143
38 Wallace BA,Shapiro SL.Mental balance and well-being:Building bridges between Buddhism and Western psychology.American Psychologist,2006,61(7):690-701
39雷鸣,戴艳,肖宵,等.心理复原的机制:来自特质性复原力个体的证据.心理科学进展,2011,19(6):874-882
2 Lyu HM,Wang GF,Cheng WC,et al.Tornado hazards on June 23 in Jiangsu Province,China:Preliminary investigation and analysis.Natural Hazards,2017,85(1):597-604
3 An Y,Fu F,Wu X,et al.Longitudinal relationships between neuroticism,avoidant coping,and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China.Journal of Loss&Trauma,2013,18(6):556-571
4 Wang X,Gao L,Shinfuku N,et al.Longitudinal study of earthquake-related PTSD in a randomly selected community sample in north China.American Journal of Psychiatry,2000,157(8):1260-1266
5 Weathers FW.The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5(PCL-5):Development and initial psychometric analysis//29th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies,Philadelphia,PA,2013
6 Xu W,An Y,Ding X,et al.Dispositional mindfulness,negative posttraumatic beliefs,and academic burnout among adolescents following the 2016 Yancheng tornado.Personality&Individual Differences,2017,116:405-409
7 Norris FH,Friedman MJ,Watson PJ.60,000 disaster victims speak:Part II.Summary and implications of the disaster mental health research.Psychiatry-interpersonal&Biological Processes,2002,65(3):240-260
8 Zhang Y,Xu W,Yuan G.The relationship of posttraumatic cognitive change,posttraumatic stress disorder,and posttraumatic growth among Chinese adolescents after the Yancheng tornado:The mediating effect of rumination.Frontiers in Psychology,2018,9:474
9 Xu W,Ding X,Pei HG,et al.Dispositional mindfulness moderates the relationship between depression and posttraumatic growth in Chinese adolescents following a tornado.Personality&Individual Differences,2018,127:15-21
10 Tedeschi RG,Calhoun LG.The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory:Measuring the positive legacy of trauma.Journal of Traumatic Stress,1996,9(3):455-471
11 Wu X,Xiao Z,Wu Y,et al.The role of rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake.Frontiers in Psychology,2015,6:1335
12 Kabat-Zinn J.Mindfulness-based interventions in context:Past,present,and future.Clinical Psychology Science&Practice,2003,10(2):144-156
13 Brown KW,Ryan RM.The benefits of being present:Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2003,84(4):822-848
14 Frewen PA,Evans EM,Maraj N,et al.Letting go:Mindfulness and negative automatic thinking.Cognitive Therapy&Research,2008,32(6):758-774
15 Vrana C,Killeen T,Brant V,et al.Rationale,design,and implementation of a clinical trial of a mindfulness-based relapse prevention protocol for the treatment of women with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder.Contemporary Clinical Trials,2017,61:108-114
16 Xu W,Oei TP,Liu X,et al.The moderating and mediating roles of self-acceptance and tolerance to others in the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being.Journal of Health Psychology,2016,21(7):1446-1456
17 Xu W,Fu G,An Y,et al.Mindfulness,posttraumatic stress symptoms,depression,and social functioning impairment in Chinese adolescents following a tornado:Mediation of posttraumatic cognitive change.Psychiatry Research,2017,259:345-349
18 An Y,Yuan G,Zhang N,et al.Longitudinal cross-lagged relationships between mindfulness,posttraumatic stress symptoms,and posttraumatic growth in adolescents following the Yancheng tornado in China.Psychiatry Research,2018.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.034
19 Garland EL,Farb NA,Goldin PR,et al.Mindfulness broadens awareness and builds eudaimonic meaning:A process model of mindful positive emotion regulation.Psychological Inquiry,2015,26(4):293-314
20 Hanley AW,Garland EL,Tedeschi RG.Relating dispositional mindfulness,contemplative practice,and positive reappraisal with posttraumatic cognitive coping,stress,and growth.Psychological Trauma:Theory,Research,Practice,and Policy,2017,9(5):526-536
21 Tedeschi RG,Mcnally RJ.Can we facilitate posttraumatic growth in combat veterans?American Psychologist,2011,66(1):19-24
22贾士昱,刘建平,叶宝娟.正念对大学生生活满意度的影响:自尊和心理弹性的链式中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,2018,26(1):147-150
23 Bajaj B,Pande N.Mediating role of resilience in the impact of mindfulness on life satisfaction and affect as indices of subjective well-being.Personality&Individual Differences,2016,93(4):63-67
24 Verplanken B,Fisher N.Habitual worrying and benefits of mindfulness.Mindfulness,2014,5(5):566-573
25 Waugh CE,Fredrickson BL,Taylor SF.Adapting to life’s slings and arrows:Individual differences in resilience when recovering from an anticipated threat.Journal of Research in Personality,2008,42(4):1031-1046
26安媛媛,臧伟伟,伍新春,等.创伤暴露程度对中学生创伤后成长的影响--复原力的调节作用.心理科学,2011,34(3):727-732
27 Yuan G,Xu W,Liu Z,et al.Resilience,posttraumatic stress symptoms,and posttraumatic growth in Chinese adolescents after a tornado:The role of mediation through perceived social support.Journal of Nervous&Mental Disease,2018,206(2):130-135
28李仁莉,戴艳,林崇德,等.中学生创伤后成长、创伤后应激障碍的发展趋势:心理复原力的预测效应.心理发展与教育,2015,31(6):728-737
29周宵,伍新春.复原力与创伤后成长的关系:基于汶川地震后青少年的追踪研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2015,23(5):773-777
30安媛媛,苑广哲,伍新春,王文超.社会支持对震后青少年创伤后应激障碍和创伤后成长的影响:自我效能感的中介作用.心理发展与教育,2018,34(1):98-104
31 Wang J,Chen Y,Wang Y,et al.Revision of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and testing its reliability and validity.Journal of Nursing Science,2011,22(5):5-15
32 Deng YQ,Liu XH,Rodriguez MA,et al.The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire:Psychometric properties of the Chinese version.Mindfulness,2011,2(2):123-128
33 Yu X,Zhang J.Factor analysis and psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)with Chinese people.Social Behavior&Personality,2007,35(1):19-30
34 Hafer S,Joseph L,Graham JW.Missing data:Our view of the state of the art.Psychological Methods,2002,7(2):147-177
35 Podsakoff PM,Mackenzie SB,Lee JY,et al.Common method biases in behavioral research:A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.Journal of Applied Psychology,2003,88(5):879-903
36温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用.心理学报,2004,36(5):614-620
37 Baer RA.Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention:Aconceptual and empirical review.Clinical Psychology:Science and Practice,2003,10(2):125-143
38 Wallace BA,Shapiro SL.Mental balance and well-being:Building bridges between Buddhism and Western psychology.American Psychologist,2006,61(7):690-701
39雷鸣,戴艳,肖宵,等.心理复原的机制:来自特质性复原力个体的证据.心理科学进展,2011,19(6):874-882
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