地域文学研究的关键词——以清代江南为例的讨论
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摘要
地域文学研究正在受到广泛重视,其合理性是毋庸置疑的。近年来这一领域虽然所取得的成果丰硕,但也存在认知理路一致、表达方式近似、基本结论雷同等问题。地域文学研究往往隐含的价值预期,在很大程度上简化了思维过程,消解了学术意义。要改变地域文学研究的同质化倾向,研究者要注意对共同性的认识、对差异性的把握、对独特性的发现,而任何事件都发生于一定的地域空间,也要重视从事件视角拓展地域文学研究的可能。
The study of regional literature is attracting wide attention, which attests to its validity. Researches have flourished in this field in recent years, but problems have also arisen, such as similar or identical cognition, expression and conclusions between researches. The study of regional literature often has implicit value-orientation, which, to a large extent, tends to simplify the thinking process and undermine academic significance. In order to change the homogenizing tendency, researchers need to know commonalities, divergences, and particularities. Besides, as every event occurs in a specific geographical space, researchers should also value the possibilities of regional literature studies from the perspective of event.
The study of regional literature is attracting wide attention, which attests to its validity. Researches have flourished in this field in recent years, but problems have also arisen, such as similar or identical cognition, expression and conclusions between researches. The study of regional literature often has implicit value-orientation, which, to a large extent, tends to simplify the thinking process and undermine academic significance. In order to change the homogenizing tendency, researchers need to know commonalities, divergences, and particularities. Besides, as every event occurs in a specific geographical space, researchers should also value the possibilities of regional literature studies from the perspective of event.
引文
陈衎:“大江集自序”,《大江集·大江草堂二集》。扬州:广陵古籍刻印社,1996年。17—21。[Chen,Kan.“The Author's Preface to Collected Works of Dajiang.” Collected Works of Dajiang,and Two Collections of Dajiang's Works.Yangzhou:Guangling Ancient Books Publishing House,1996.17-21.]
陈田:《明诗纪事》。上海:上海古籍出版社,1993年。[Chen,Tian.A Collection of Narrative Poems in the Ming Dynasty.Shanghai:Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House,1993.]
戴殿泗:“梁溪诗冢(有序)”,《风希堂诗集》卷五,《清代诗文集汇编》第415册,《清代诗文集汇编》编纂委员会。上海:上海古籍出版社,2010年。635。[Dai,Diansi.“The Poetry Tomb of Liangxi (Prefaced).” Collected Poetry of the Fengxi Hall.Vol.5.Collected Poetry and Prose of the Qing Dynasty.Vol.415.Eds.The Editorial Committee of Collected Poetry and Essay of the Qing Dynasty.Shanghai:Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House,2010.635.]
冯舒冯班:《常熟二冯先生集》。民国十四年(1925)燕谷老人刊本。[Feng,Shu,and Feng Ban.Collected Works of Feng Shu and Feng Ban of Changshu.Published by Yangu in 1925.]
顾起元:《客座赘语》,吴福林点校。南京:南京出版社,2009年。[Gu,Qiyuan.Visitors' Discourse.Ed.Wu Fulin.Nanjing:Nanjing Press,2009.]
顾炎武:“生员论”,《顾亭林诗文集》。北京:中华书局,1983年。21—24。[Gu,Yanwu.“On Government Students.” Collected Poetry and Prose of Gu Tinglin.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1983.21-24.]
G.W.F.黑格尔:《小逻辑》,贺麟译。北京:商务印书馆,2011年。[Hegel,G.W.F.Shorter Logic.Trans.He Lin.Beijing:The Commercial Press,2011.]
克洛德·莱维-斯特劳斯:《结构人类学》,谢维扬、俞宣孟译。上海:上海译文出版社,1995年。[Lévi-Strauss,Claude.Structural Anthropology.Trans.Xie Weiyang and Yu Xuanmeng.Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House,1995.]
梁启超:“近代学风之地理的分布”,《梁启超全集》第七册。北京:北京出版社,1999年。4258—75。[Liang,Qichao.“On the Geographic Distribution of Learning Styles in Modern Times.” Complete Works of Liang Qichao.Vol.7.Beijing:Beijing Press,1999.4258-75.]
梁心清李伯元:《中国近代孤本小说集成》第3卷。北京:大众文艺出版社,1999年。[Liang,Xinqing,and Li Boyuan.Collected Works of Only Existing Fiction Copies in Modern Times of China.Vol.3.Beijing:The Public Literature and Art Publishing House,1999.]
刘禺生:《世载堂杂忆》。台北:文海出版社,1971年。[Liu,Yusheng.The Recollections of Shizai Hall.Taipei:Taipei Wen Hai Press,1971.]
陆文衡:“风俗”,《啬庵随笔》卷四。光绪二十三年吴江陆同寿刻本。3。[Lu,Wenheng.“Customs.” Informal Essays of Se Hut.Vol.4.A block-printed edition by Lu Tongshou of Wujiang in 1897.3.]
洛地:《戏曲与浙江》。杭州:浙江人民出版社,1991年。[Luo,Di.Traditional Chinese Theatre and Zhejiang Province.Hangzhou:Zhejiang People's Publishing House,1991.]
罗继祖:《枫窗脞语》。北京:中华书局,1984年。[Luo,Jizu.Trivial Words by A Maple Window.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1984.]
宁调元:《宁调元集》,杨天石、曾景忠编。长沙:湖南人民出版社,1988年。[Ning,Diaoyuan.Collected Works of the Ning Diaoyuan.Eds.Yang Tianyou and Zeng Jingzhong.Changsha:Hunan People's Publishing House,1988.]
钱谦益:《钱牧斋全集(八)》。上海:上海古籍出版社,2003年。[Qian,Qianyi.The Complete Works of Qian Qianyi.Vol.8.Shanghai:Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House,2003.]
秦森源:《秦森源遗集》,王珂辑注。香港:香港天马出版有限公司,2004年。[Qin,Senyuan.A Collection of Qin Senyuan's Posthumously Published Works.Ed.Wang Ke.Hong Kong:Hong Kong Tin Ma Publishing Co.,Ltd.2004.]
汪辟疆:《光宣诗坛点将录笺证》,王培军笺证。北京:中华书局,2008年。[Wang,Pijiang.The Verification of the Remarks on Famous Poets during the Guangxu and Xuantong Periods in the Qing Dynasty.Ed.Wang Peijun.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2008.]
王应奎:《柳南随笔》。上海:上海古籍出版社,2012年。[Wang,Yingkui.Informal Essays of Liunan.Shanghai:Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House,2012.]
吴新雷:“浙江三大昆曲支派初探”,《东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》1(2002):84—90。[Wu,Xinlei.“A Tentative Study on the Three Branches of the Kunqu Opera in Zhejiang Province.” Journal of Southeast University (Philosophy and Social Science) 1(2002):84-90.]
杨伯峻:《论语集注》。北京:中华书局,2009年。[Yang,Bojun.Variorum of The Analects of Confucius.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2009.]
张家壮:“明末清初杜诗学者占籍考述及其群体特质探询”,《福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》5(2009):97—101。[Zhang,Jiazhuang.“On the Native Places and Common Characteristics of Scholars Who Studied the Poetry of Du Fu in the Last Years of the Ming Dynasty and the First Years of the Qing Dynasty.” Journal of Fujian Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) 5(2009):97-101.]
郑钟祥等:《重修常昭合志》卷三十。光绪三十年(1904)活字本。[Zheng,Zhongxiang,et al.Re-edited Local History of Changshu and Zhaowen.Vol.30.Movable script edition printed in 1904.]
① 较早的地域文学研究主要围绕这一层面,如汪辟疆的《近代诗派与地域》将近代地域性诗派分为“湖湘派”“闽赣派”“河北派”“江左派”“岭南派”“西蜀派”,即地域之“大者”。见《汪辟疆文集》(上海:上海古籍出版社,1988年)第291页。
② 江南市镇能否作为独立的地域文学研究对象,这是一个比较复杂的问题。分湖、支塘、古里、盛泽、贞丰、同里、震泽等都有充足的或较丰富的文献保存,足证地域文化之发展,自可研究。但很多市镇地理范围小,人文传统并不显著,文献亦不足证,则无须专门立题,进行研究。
③ 关于“吴侬软语”与江南人的性格问题,郑振铎写过一篇《苏州赞歌》有所解答。他说:“‘吴侬软语’的苏州人民,看起来好像很温和,但往往是站在斗争的最前线,勇猛无前,坚忍不屈,它那里产生了不少民族英雄。”见卢今、李华龙、钟越编《郑振铎散文》(上册)(北京:中国广播电视出版社,1997年)第328页。
④ 按,舒位为直隶大兴(今属北京市)人,生长于吴县,应属江南人氏。
⑤ 1909年张相文、章炳麟、白眉初、蔡元培等人成立中国地学会,这是中国最早的地理学研究组织。从这一点来说,研究地理学、地域学,都是不应该忽略章炳麟先生的。
陈田:《明诗纪事》。上海:上海古籍出版社,1993年。[Chen,Tian.A Collection of Narrative Poems in the Ming Dynasty.Shanghai:Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House,1993.]
戴殿泗:“梁溪诗冢(有序)”,《风希堂诗集》卷五,《清代诗文集汇编》第415册,《清代诗文集汇编》编纂委员会。上海:上海古籍出版社,2010年。635。[Dai,Diansi.“The Poetry Tomb of Liangxi (Prefaced).” Collected Poetry of the Fengxi Hall.Vol.5.Collected Poetry and Prose of the Qing Dynasty.Vol.415.Eds.The Editorial Committee of Collected Poetry and Essay of the Qing Dynasty.Shanghai:Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House,2010.635.]
冯舒冯班:《常熟二冯先生集》。民国十四年(1925)燕谷老人刊本。[Feng,Shu,and Feng Ban.Collected Works of Feng Shu and Feng Ban of Changshu.Published by Yangu in 1925.]
顾起元:《客座赘语》,吴福林点校。南京:南京出版社,2009年。[Gu,Qiyuan.Visitors' Discourse.Ed.Wu Fulin.Nanjing:Nanjing Press,2009.]
顾炎武:“生员论”,《顾亭林诗文集》。北京:中华书局,1983年。21—24。[Gu,Yanwu.“On Government Students.” Collected Poetry and Prose of Gu Tinglin.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1983.21-24.]
G.W.F.黑格尔:《小逻辑》,贺麟译。北京:商务印书馆,2011年。[Hegel,G.W.F.Shorter Logic.Trans.He Lin.Beijing:The Commercial Press,2011.]
克洛德·莱维-斯特劳斯:《结构人类学》,谢维扬、俞宣孟译。上海:上海译文出版社,1995年。[Lévi-Strauss,Claude.Structural Anthropology.Trans.Xie Weiyang and Yu Xuanmeng.Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House,1995.]
梁启超:“近代学风之地理的分布”,《梁启超全集》第七册。北京:北京出版社,1999年。4258—75。[Liang,Qichao.“On the Geographic Distribution of Learning Styles in Modern Times.” Complete Works of Liang Qichao.Vol.7.Beijing:Beijing Press,1999.4258-75.]
梁心清李伯元:《中国近代孤本小说集成》第3卷。北京:大众文艺出版社,1999年。[Liang,Xinqing,and Li Boyuan.Collected Works of Only Existing Fiction Copies in Modern Times of China.Vol.3.Beijing:The Public Literature and Art Publishing House,1999.]
刘禺生:《世载堂杂忆》。台北:文海出版社,1971年。[Liu,Yusheng.The Recollections of Shizai Hall.Taipei:Taipei Wen Hai Press,1971.]
陆文衡:“风俗”,《啬庵随笔》卷四。光绪二十三年吴江陆同寿刻本。3。[Lu,Wenheng.“Customs.” Informal Essays of Se Hut.Vol.4.A block-printed edition by Lu Tongshou of Wujiang in 1897.3.]
洛地:《戏曲与浙江》。杭州:浙江人民出版社,1991年。[Luo,Di.Traditional Chinese Theatre and Zhejiang Province.Hangzhou:Zhejiang People's Publishing House,1991.]
罗继祖:《枫窗脞语》。北京:中华书局,1984年。[Luo,Jizu.Trivial Words by A Maple Window.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1984.]
宁调元:《宁调元集》,杨天石、曾景忠编。长沙:湖南人民出版社,1988年。[Ning,Diaoyuan.Collected Works of the Ning Diaoyuan.Eds.Yang Tianyou and Zeng Jingzhong.Changsha:Hunan People's Publishing House,1988.]
钱谦益:《钱牧斋全集(八)》。上海:上海古籍出版社,2003年。[Qian,Qianyi.The Complete Works of Qian Qianyi.Vol.8.Shanghai:Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House,2003.]
秦森源:《秦森源遗集》,王珂辑注。香港:香港天马出版有限公司,2004年。[Qin,Senyuan.A Collection of Qin Senyuan's Posthumously Published Works.Ed.Wang Ke.Hong Kong:Hong Kong Tin Ma Publishing Co.,Ltd.2004.]
汪辟疆:《光宣诗坛点将录笺证》,王培军笺证。北京:中华书局,2008年。[Wang,Pijiang.The Verification of the Remarks on Famous Poets during the Guangxu and Xuantong Periods in the Qing Dynasty.Ed.Wang Peijun.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2008.]
王应奎:《柳南随笔》。上海:上海古籍出版社,2012年。[Wang,Yingkui.Informal Essays of Liunan.Shanghai:Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House,2012.]
吴新雷:“浙江三大昆曲支派初探”,《东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》1(2002):84—90。[Wu,Xinlei.“A Tentative Study on the Three Branches of the Kunqu Opera in Zhejiang Province.” Journal of Southeast University (Philosophy and Social Science) 1(2002):84-90.]
杨伯峻:《论语集注》。北京:中华书局,2009年。[Yang,Bojun.Variorum of The Analects of Confucius.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2009.]
张家壮:“明末清初杜诗学者占籍考述及其群体特质探询”,《福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》5(2009):97—101。[Zhang,Jiazhuang.“On the Native Places and Common Characteristics of Scholars Who Studied the Poetry of Du Fu in the Last Years of the Ming Dynasty and the First Years of the Qing Dynasty.” Journal of Fujian Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) 5(2009):97-101.]
郑钟祥等:《重修常昭合志》卷三十。光绪三十年(1904)活字本。[Zheng,Zhongxiang,et al.Re-edited Local History of Changshu and Zhaowen.Vol.30.Movable script edition printed in 1904.]
① 较早的地域文学研究主要围绕这一层面,如汪辟疆的《近代诗派与地域》将近代地域性诗派分为“湖湘派”“闽赣派”“河北派”“江左派”“岭南派”“西蜀派”,即地域之“大者”。见《汪辟疆文集》(上海:上海古籍出版社,1988年)第291页。
② 江南市镇能否作为独立的地域文学研究对象,这是一个比较复杂的问题。分湖、支塘、古里、盛泽、贞丰、同里、震泽等都有充足的或较丰富的文献保存,足证地域文化之发展,自可研究。但很多市镇地理范围小,人文传统并不显著,文献亦不足证,则无须专门立题,进行研究。
③ 关于“吴侬软语”与江南人的性格问题,郑振铎写过一篇《苏州赞歌》有所解答。他说:“‘吴侬软语’的苏州人民,看起来好像很温和,但往往是站在斗争的最前线,勇猛无前,坚忍不屈,它那里产生了不少民族英雄。”见卢今、李华龙、钟越编《郑振铎散文》(上册)(北京:中国广播电视出版社,1997年)第328页。
④ 按,舒位为直隶大兴(今属北京市)人,生长于吴县,应属江南人氏。
⑤ 1909年张相文、章炳麟、白眉初、蔡元培等人成立中国地学会,这是中国最早的地理学研究组织。从这一点来说,研究地理学、地域学,都是不应该忽略章炳麟先生的。