库车前陆盆地盐下冲断带构造变换特征
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摘要
库车前陆盆地是发育在南天山山前的中—新生代含盐前陆盆地,受造山作用、基底先存构造、盐岩分布等要素的影响,盆地内部具有明显的南北分带、东西分段变形特征,特别是位于库车前陆盆地北部克拉苏含盐前陆冲断带内发育多种类型构造变换带。利用最新的二维和三维地震及钻井、野外露头资料,分析总结了库车前陆盆地内前陆冲断带的变形样式及构造变换特征。研究结果表明,自南天山至盆地内部,库车前陆盆地具垂向分层变形特征,其中盐下冲断带主要集中于南天山至拜城凹陷,根据变形方式可以划分为3个变形带,分别为垂向抬升断褶带、斜向冲断楔形带及近水平挤压滑脱带;库车前陆盆地盐下冲断带可以分为乌什段、阿瓦特段、博孜段、大北段、克深段及克拉3段6个构造段,共发育走滑型、边缘型、生长型及混合型4类变换带。总体上看,东西向一级变换带多为走滑型及混合型,控制了构造带的分布,二级变换带多为边缘型及走滑型,控制了构造带内各构造段的差异分布,三级变换带多为生长型,控制了局部构造的分布。
Kuqa basin is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic salt-bearing foreland basin developed in the piedmont area of the southern Tianshan Mountains. Influenced by orogenesis, pre-existing structures in the basement and salt rocks, Kuqa foreland basin is characterized by belts along N-S orientation and segments along W-E orientation, leading to the forming of different styles of tectonic transfer zones in Kelasu salt-bearing foreland thrust belt in the northern part of the basin. Based on the latest data of 2D and 3D seismic, drilling and field outcrops, the paper analyzes and summarizes the deformation styles and tectonic transfer characteristics of the foreland thrust belt in Kuqa foreland basin. The study results show that Kuqa foreland basin is featured with vertical stratification and deformation from the southern Tianshan Mountains to the interior of the basin, and the subsalt thrust belts are mainly distributed in the area from the southern Tianshan Mountains to Baicheng sag, which can be divided into 3 deformation zones, i.e., vertically uplifting fault-fold zone, inclined thrust wedge-like zone and nearly-horizontal compressing detachment zone according to their transfer styles. The subsalt thrust belt is divided into 6 structural segments such as Wushi segment, Awat segment, Bozi segment, Dabei segment, Keshen segment and Kela-3 segment, where 4 types of transfer zones are developed, namely strike slip type, margin type, growth type and complex type. In conclusion, the E-W trending, first-order transfer zones are dominated by complex type and strike-slip type, controlling the distribution of main tectonic zones. The margin type and strike slip type are the dominant of subordinate tectonic transfer zones, controlling the distribution of different tectonic segment. And most of the third-order transfer zones belong to growth type, which controls the distribution of local structures.
Kuqa basin is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic salt-bearing foreland basin developed in the piedmont area of the southern Tianshan Mountains. Influenced by orogenesis, pre-existing structures in the basement and salt rocks, Kuqa foreland basin is characterized by belts along N-S orientation and segments along W-E orientation, leading to the forming of different styles of tectonic transfer zones in Kelasu salt-bearing foreland thrust belt in the northern part of the basin. Based on the latest data of 2D and 3D seismic, drilling and field outcrops, the paper analyzes and summarizes the deformation styles and tectonic transfer characteristics of the foreland thrust belt in Kuqa foreland basin. The study results show that Kuqa foreland basin is featured with vertical stratification and deformation from the southern Tianshan Mountains to the interior of the basin, and the subsalt thrust belts are mainly distributed in the area from the southern Tianshan Mountains to Baicheng sag, which can be divided into 3 deformation zones, i.e., vertically uplifting fault-fold zone, inclined thrust wedge-like zone and nearly-horizontal compressing detachment zone according to their transfer styles. The subsalt thrust belt is divided into 6 structural segments such as Wushi segment, Awat segment, Bozi segment, Dabei segment, Keshen segment and Kela-3 segment, where 4 types of transfer zones are developed, namely strike slip type, margin type, growth type and complex type. In conclusion, the E-W trending, first-order transfer zones are dominated by complex type and strike-slip type, controlling the distribution of main tectonic zones. The margin type and strike slip type are the dominant of subordinate tectonic transfer zones, controlling the distribution of different tectonic segment. And most of the third-order transfer zones belong to growth type, which controls the distribution of local structures.
引文
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[7]汤良杰,贾承造,金之钧,等.塔里木盆地库车前陆褶皱带中段盐相关构造特征与油气聚集[J].地质论评,2003,49(5):501-506.TANG Liangjie,JIA Chengzao,JIN Zhijun,et al. Salt-related struc-tural characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation in the middlesegment of the Kuqa foreland fold belt in the northern Tarim basin,NW China[J]. Geological Review,2003,49(5):501-506.
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[11]余一欣,汤良杰,杨文静,等.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带前缘盐构造分段差异变形特征[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):166-173.YU Yixin,TANG Liangjie,YANG Wenjing,et al. Structural seg-mentation of salt structures in the frontal ranges of the Kuqa fore-land fold and thrust belt,northern Tarim basin[J]. Acta GeologicaSinica,2007,81(2):166-173.
[12]汤良杰,李京昌,余一欣,等.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带盐构造差异变形和分段性特征探讨[J].地质学报,2006,80(3):313-320.TANG Liangjie,LI Jingchang,YU Yixin,et al. Differential salt tec-tonic deformation and segmentation of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt,Tarim basin,northwest China[J]. Acta Geologica Sini-ca,2006,80(3):313-320.
[13]能源,漆家福,谢会文,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷北部边缘构造特征[J].地质通报,2012,31(9):1 510-1 519.NENG Yuan,QI Jiafu,XIE Huiwen,et al. Structural characteris-tics of northern margin of Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J]. Geo-logical Bulletin of China,2012,31(9):1 510-1 519.
[14]余一欣,汤良杰,李京昌,等.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带基底断裂对盐构造形成的影响[J].地质学报,2006,80(3):330-336.YU Yixin,TANG Liangjie,LI Jingchang,et al. Influence of base-ment faults on the development of salt structures in the Kuqa fore-land fold-and-thrust belt in the northern Tarim basin[J]. Acta Geo-logica Sinica,2006,80(3):330-336.
[15]李曰俊,杨海军,赵岩,等.南天山区域大地构造与演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):94-104.LI Yuejun,YANG Haijun,ZHAO Yan,et al. Tectonic frameworkand evolution of south Tianshan,NW China[J]. Geotectonica etMetallogenia,2009,33(1):94-104.
[16]张传恒,周洪瑞,刘本培,等.南天山造山带中段古生界构造地层研究新进展[J].地质论评,2002,48(1):9-14.ZHANG Chuanheng,ZHOU Hongrui,LIU Benpei,et al. New prog-ress in the tectonostratigraphic study of the Paleozoic in the centralsector of the south Tianshan orogenic belt[J]. Geological Review,2002,48(1):9-14.
[17]漆家福.裂陷盆地中的构造变换带及其石油地质意义[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(4):43-50.QI Jiafu. Structural transfer zones and significance for hydrocarbonaccumulation in rifting basins[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geolo-gy,2007,12(4):43-50.
[18]杨明慧,金之钧,吕修祥,等.库车褶皱冲断带克拉苏三角带的位移转换构造[J].地球科学,2004,29(2):191-197.YANG Minghui,JIN Zhijun,LV Xiuxiang,et al. Displacementtransfer zone of Kelasu triangle zone,Kuqa thrust-and-fold belts inTarim basin[J]. Earth Science,2004,29(2):191-197.
[19] WALSH J J,BAILEY W R,CHILDS C,et al. Formation of seg-mented normal faults:a 3-D perspective[J]. Journal of StructuralGeology,2003,30(10):1 288-1 299.
[20]段云江,黄少英,李维波,等.用离散元数值模拟法研究克拉苏构造带盐构造变形机理[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(4):414-419.DUAN Yunjiang,HUANG Shaoying,LI Weibo,et al. Using dis-crete element numerical simulation method to study salt tectonicdeformation mechanism of Kelasu structural belt[J]. Xinjiang Pe-troleum Geology,2017,38(4):414-419.
[21] NENG Yuan,XIE Huiwen,LI Yong,et al. Effect of basement struc-ture and salt tectonics on deformation styles along strike:an exam-ple from the Kuqa fold-thrust belt,west China[J]. Tectonophysics,2018,730:114-131.
[2]郭召杰,邓松涛,魏国齐,等.天山南北缘前陆冲断构造对比研究及其油气藏形成的构造控制因素分析[J].地学前缘,2007,14(4):123-131.GUO Zhaojie,DENG Songtao,WEI Guoqi,et al. Comparative studyof the foreland thrust belts of south and north Tianshan and implica-tions for hydrocarbon accumulation[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(4):123-131.
[3]陈发景,汪新文.中国西北地区陆内前陆盆地的鉴别标志[J].现代地质,2004,18(2):151-156.CHEN Fajing,WANG Xinwen. Identifiable creteria of intracontinen-tal foreland basins in northwestern China[J]. Geoscience,2004,18(2):151-156.
[4]罗志立,刘树根.评述“前陆盆地”名词在中国中西部含油气盆地中的引用——反思中国石油构造学的发展[J].地质论评,2002,48(4):398-407.LUO Zhili,LIU Shugen. Comments on the citation of the term“fore-land basin”in the petroliferous basins of central and western China:a review on the development of Chinese petroleum tectonics[J].Geological Review,2002,48(4):398-407.
[5]贾承造,赵文智,魏国齐,等.盐构造与油气勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(2):17-19.JIA Chengzao,ZHAO Wenzhi,WEI Guoqi,et al. Salt structures andexploration of oil and gas[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Develop-ment,2003,30(2):17-19.
[6]陈书平,汤良杰,贾承造.含盐前陆充填变形前缘盐上层构造样式[J].地球学报,2004,25(5):561-564.CHEN Shuping,TANG Liangjie,JIA Chengzao. Structural styles inthe deformation leading edge of evaporite-bearing foreland basin fill[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2004,25(5):561-564.
[7]汤良杰,贾承造,金之钧,等.塔里木盆地库车前陆褶皱带中段盐相关构造特征与油气聚集[J].地质论评,2003,49(5):501-506.TANG Liangjie,JIA Chengzao,JIN Zhijun,et al. Salt-related struc-tural characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation in the middlesegment of the Kuqa foreland fold belt in the northern Tarim basin,NW China[J]. Geological Review,2003,49(5):501-506.
[8]余一欣,马宝军,汤良杰,等.库车坳陷西段盐构造形成主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(1):23-27.YU Yixin,MA Baojun,TANG Liangjie,et al. Major factors control-ling salt structures in western Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J]. Pe-troleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(1):23-27.
[9]卢华复,贾承造,贾东,等.库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔特征[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(3):257-271.LU Huafu,JIA Chengzao,JIA Dong,et al. Features of the thrustwedge of deformation belt in Kuqa rejuvenation foreland basin[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2001,7(3):257-271.
[10]刘志宏,卢华复,贾承造,等.库车再生前陆盆地的构造与油气[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):297-303.LIU Zhihong,LU Huafu,JIA Chengzao,et al. Structures and hydro-carbon accumulation in Kuqa rejuvenated foreland basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2001,22(4):297-303.
[11]余一欣,汤良杰,杨文静,等.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带前缘盐构造分段差异变形特征[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):166-173.YU Yixin,TANG Liangjie,YANG Wenjing,et al. Structural seg-mentation of salt structures in the frontal ranges of the Kuqa fore-land fold and thrust belt,northern Tarim basin[J]. Acta GeologicaSinica,2007,81(2):166-173.
[12]汤良杰,李京昌,余一欣,等.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带盐构造差异变形和分段性特征探讨[J].地质学报,2006,80(3):313-320.TANG Liangjie,LI Jingchang,YU Yixin,et al. Differential salt tec-tonic deformation and segmentation of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt,Tarim basin,northwest China[J]. Acta Geologica Sini-ca,2006,80(3):313-320.
[13]能源,漆家福,谢会文,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷北部边缘构造特征[J].地质通报,2012,31(9):1 510-1 519.NENG Yuan,QI Jiafu,XIE Huiwen,et al. Structural characteris-tics of northern margin of Kuqa depression,Tarim basin[J]. Geo-logical Bulletin of China,2012,31(9):1 510-1 519.
[14]余一欣,汤良杰,李京昌,等.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带基底断裂对盐构造形成的影响[J].地质学报,2006,80(3):330-336.YU Yixin,TANG Liangjie,LI Jingchang,et al. Influence of base-ment faults on the development of salt structures in the Kuqa fore-land fold-and-thrust belt in the northern Tarim basin[J]. Acta Geo-logica Sinica,2006,80(3):330-336.
[15]李曰俊,杨海军,赵岩,等.南天山区域大地构造与演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):94-104.LI Yuejun,YANG Haijun,ZHAO Yan,et al. Tectonic frameworkand evolution of south Tianshan,NW China[J]. Geotectonica etMetallogenia,2009,33(1):94-104.
[16]张传恒,周洪瑞,刘本培,等.南天山造山带中段古生界构造地层研究新进展[J].地质论评,2002,48(1):9-14.ZHANG Chuanheng,ZHOU Hongrui,LIU Benpei,et al. New prog-ress in the tectonostratigraphic study of the Paleozoic in the centralsector of the south Tianshan orogenic belt[J]. Geological Review,2002,48(1):9-14.
[17]漆家福.裂陷盆地中的构造变换带及其石油地质意义[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(4):43-50.QI Jiafu. Structural transfer zones and significance for hydrocarbonaccumulation in rifting basins[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geolo-gy,2007,12(4):43-50.
[18]杨明慧,金之钧,吕修祥,等.库车褶皱冲断带克拉苏三角带的位移转换构造[J].地球科学,2004,29(2):191-197.YANG Minghui,JIN Zhijun,LV Xiuxiang,et al. Displacementtransfer zone of Kelasu triangle zone,Kuqa thrust-and-fold belts inTarim basin[J]. Earth Science,2004,29(2):191-197.
[19] WALSH J J,BAILEY W R,CHILDS C,et al. Formation of seg-mented normal faults:a 3-D perspective[J]. Journal of StructuralGeology,2003,30(10):1 288-1 299.
[20]段云江,黄少英,李维波,等.用离散元数值模拟法研究克拉苏构造带盐构造变形机理[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(4):414-419.DUAN Yunjiang,HUANG Shaoying,LI Weibo,et al. Using dis-crete element numerical simulation method to study salt tectonicdeformation mechanism of Kelasu structural belt[J]. Xinjiang Pe-troleum Geology,2017,38(4):414-419.
[21] NENG Yuan,XIE Huiwen,LI Yong,et al. Effect of basement struc-ture and salt tectonics on deformation styles along strike:an exam-ple from the Kuqa fold-thrust belt,west China[J]. Tectonophysics,2018,730:114-131.