装配对典型螺栓/螺母紧固件盐雾环境腐蚀行为的影响
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摘要
海军航空装备的快速发展导致飞机必将面临更为严峻的海洋大气腐蚀问题,而军用飞机紧固件的腐蚀,尤其电偶腐蚀将严重影响飞机结构的安全性水平.因此,本文采用盐雾腐蚀模拟、扫描电镜观察与分析、电化学测试分析(自腐蚀电位测试、动电位极化测试、电偶腐蚀电流测试)等试验研究方法,将航空装备常用的30CrMnSiA镀镉钝化螺栓与三种不同螺母(30CrMnSiA镀镉钝化螺母、30CrMnSiA镀锌钝化螺母和0Cr16Ni6钝化螺母)偶接装配,研究由于装配导致的电偶腐蚀效应对典型螺栓/螺母紧固件腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明,在三种不同组合装配中,30CrMnSiA镀镉钝化螺栓与0Cr16Ni6钝化螺母之间电位差最大,电偶腐蚀电流密度最高,对应螺栓电偶腐蚀敏感性评级达到E级,电偶腐蚀作用促进了镀镉钝化螺栓基体表面点蚀的扩展,腐蚀进程被加速,加速系数AF达到3.4;30CrMnSiA镀镉钝化螺栓与30CrMnSiA镀锌钝化螺母之间电偶效应则较弱,且螺母为电偶腐蚀阳极,腐蚀进程被加速,加速系数AF为1.2,电偶腐蚀敏感性评级为D级;相比上述两种组合,30CrMnSiA镀镉钝化螺栓与30CrMnSiA镀镉钝化螺母之间电偶效应最不明显,对应电偶腐蚀敏感性评级为A级.
Due to the rapid development of naval aviation equipment,naval aircraft will encounter complicated atmospheric corrosion problems resulting from exposure to the oceanic atmosphere. The corrosion of the fasteners in the aircraft,especially due to the galvanic corrosion between fasteners,seriously compromises the safety of a particular component in an aircraft. When an aircraft is used for a long duration in an oceanic atmosphere containing high humidity and salinity,a layer of liquid film having a thickness of less than1 μm will form on the surface of the structure,which causes electrical conduction between different structures,thereby increasing the risk of galvanic corrosion. Currently,many studies mainly focus on investigating the stress corrosion cracking(SCC) of bolt or galvanic corrosion between the bolt and aluminum alloy plates. However,only a few studies have investigated the galvanic corrosion of bolt/nut in assembly. Therefore,three types of nuts(Cd-plated 30CrMnSiA,Zn-plated 30CrMnSiA,and passivated 0 Cr16 Ni6) were utilized in this study,which were assembled to a Cd-plated 30CrMnSiA bolt. The salt-spray corrosion simulation,observations from scanning electron microscope(SEM),and electrochemical measurements(open circuit potential,potentiodynamic polarization,and galvanic corrosion current tests) were used to investigate the effect of the galvanic corrosion between the bolt/nut couples on the corrosion behaviors of bolts and nuts. The results depict that the highest potential difference and galvanic current are observed between the Cd-plated30CrMnSiA bolts and passivated 0 Cr16 Ni6 nuts,which indicates the most significant galvanic effects. Further,the galvanic corrosionsensitivity rating reaches an E level,which significantly promotes the propagation of the pitting corrosion of the bolt. Additionally,the acceleration factor(AF) becomes 3. 4. For the couple including the Cd-plated 30CrMnSiA bolt and Zn-plated 30CrMnSiA nut,the nut acts as an anode. Further,the corrosion rate of the nut increases,and the AF approximately becomes 1. 2. Compared to the aforementioned two couples,the Cd-plated 30CrMnSiA bolt and 30CrMnSiA nut exhibit the weakest galvanic effect,and the galvanic corrosion sensitivity rating is observed to be at an A level.
Due to the rapid development of naval aviation equipment,naval aircraft will encounter complicated atmospheric corrosion problems resulting from exposure to the oceanic atmosphere. The corrosion of the fasteners in the aircraft,especially due to the galvanic corrosion between fasteners,seriously compromises the safety of a particular component in an aircraft. When an aircraft is used for a long duration in an oceanic atmosphere containing high humidity and salinity,a layer of liquid film having a thickness of less than1 μm will form on the surface of the structure,which causes electrical conduction between different structures,thereby increasing the risk of galvanic corrosion. Currently,many studies mainly focus on investigating the stress corrosion cracking(SCC) of bolt or galvanic corrosion between the bolt and aluminum alloy plates. However,only a few studies have investigated the galvanic corrosion of bolt/nut in assembly. Therefore,three types of nuts(Cd-plated 30CrMnSiA,Zn-plated 30CrMnSiA,and passivated 0 Cr16 Ni6) were utilized in this study,which were assembled to a Cd-plated 30CrMnSiA bolt. The salt-spray corrosion simulation,observations from scanning electron microscope(SEM),and electrochemical measurements(open circuit potential,potentiodynamic polarization,and galvanic corrosion current tests) were used to investigate the effect of the galvanic corrosion between the bolt/nut couples on the corrosion behaviors of bolts and nuts. The results depict that the highest potential difference and galvanic current are observed between the Cd-plated30CrMnSiA bolts and passivated 0 Cr16 Ni6 nuts,which indicates the most significant galvanic effects. Further,the galvanic corrosionsensitivity rating reaches an E level,which significantly promotes the propagation of the pitting corrosion of the bolt. Additionally,the acceleration factor(AF) becomes 3. 4. For the couple including the Cd-plated 30CrMnSiA bolt and Zn-plated 30CrMnSiA nut,the nut acts as an anode. Further,the corrosion rate of the nut increases,and the AF approximately becomes 1. 2. Compared to the aforementioned two couples,the Cd-plated 30CrMnSiA bolt and 30CrMnSiA nut exhibit the weakest galvanic effect,and the galvanic corrosion sensitivity rating is observed to be at an A level.
引文
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[7]Feng Z C,Frankel G S,Abbott W H,et al.Galvanic attack of coated Al alloy panels in laboratory and field exposure.Corrosion,2016,72(3):342
[8]Feng Z C,Boerstler J,Frankel G S,et al.Effect of surface pretreatment on galvanic attack of coated Al alloy panels.Corrosion,2015,71(6):771
[9]Feng Z C,Frankel G S,Matzdorf C A.Quantification of accelerated corrosion testing of coated AA7075--T6.J Electrochem Soc,2014,161(1):C42
[10]Jia J X,Atrens A,Song G L,et al.Simulation of galvanic corrosion of magnesium coupled to a steel fastener in Na Cl solution.Mater Corros,2015,56(7):468
[11]ASTM International.ASTM B117--16 Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray(Fog)Apparatus.West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2016
[12]ASTM International,United States.ASTM G1-03 Standard Practice for Preparing,Cleaning,and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens.West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2011
[13]State Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine,People's Republic of China.GB/T 5627.1—2002Fastener Electroplated Coatings.Beijing:China Standards Press,2002(中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 5627.1—2002紧固件电镀层.北京:中国标准出版社,2002)
[14]Soltis J.Passivity breakdown,pit initiation and propagation of pits in metallic materials-Review.Corros Sci,2015,90:5
[15]Khalil W,Haupt S,Strehblow H H.The thinning of the passive layer of iron by halides.Mater Corros,2015,36(1):16
[16]Frankel G S,Sridhar N.Understanding localized corrosion.Mater Today,2008,11(10):38
[17]Ministry of Aviation Industry,People's Republic of China.HB5374—1987 Test Method for Galvanic Corrosion Current during Different Metals.Beijing:Aviation Industry Press,1987(中华人民共和国航空工业部.HB 5374—1987不同金属电偶电流测定方法.北京:航空工业出版社,1987)
[18]Zhu J Y,Xu L N,Feng Z C,et al.Galvanic corrosion of a welded joint in 3Cr low alloy pipeline steel.Corros Sci,2016,111:391
[2]Ke W,Yang W.Failure Cases,Applications of Corrosion Science&Technology.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006(柯伟,杨武.腐蚀科学技术的应用与失效案例.北京:化学工业出版社,2006)
[3]Sternhell G,Tayler P D,Itzhak D.Galvanic effects of various metallic couples on marine biofouling in a coral reef environment.Corros Rev,2002,20(6):453
[4]Chen X W,Wu J H,Wang J,et al.Progress in research on factors influencing galvanic corrosion behavior.Corros Sci Prot Technol,2010,22(4):363(陈兴伟,吴建华,王佳,等.电偶腐蚀影响因素研究进展.腐蚀科学与防护技术,2010,22(4):363)
[5]Zhang Y,Chen Y L,Wang C G.Study on galvanic corrosion of aluminum alloy related joint in simulated coastal wet atmosphere.Mater Rev,2016,30(5):152(张勇,陈跃良,王晨光.模拟沿海大气环境下铝合金搭接件电偶腐蚀行为研究.材料导报,2016,30(5):152)
[6]Yang X L,Zhang J M,Chen Y G.Modeling and simulating of stress corrosion cracking in high strength bolt.J Nanjing Univ Aeron Astron,2009,41(1):130(杨兴林,张俊苗,陈宇光.高强度螺栓应力腐蚀开裂过程的建模与仿真.南京航空航天大学学报,2009,41(1):130)
[7]Feng Z C,Frankel G S,Abbott W H,et al.Galvanic attack of coated Al alloy panels in laboratory and field exposure.Corrosion,2016,72(3):342
[8]Feng Z C,Boerstler J,Frankel G S,et al.Effect of surface pretreatment on galvanic attack of coated Al alloy panels.Corrosion,2015,71(6):771
[9]Feng Z C,Frankel G S,Matzdorf C A.Quantification of accelerated corrosion testing of coated AA7075--T6.J Electrochem Soc,2014,161(1):C42
[10]Jia J X,Atrens A,Song G L,et al.Simulation of galvanic corrosion of magnesium coupled to a steel fastener in Na Cl solution.Mater Corros,2015,56(7):468
[11]ASTM International.ASTM B117--16 Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray(Fog)Apparatus.West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2016
[12]ASTM International,United States.ASTM G1-03 Standard Practice for Preparing,Cleaning,and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens.West Conshohocken:ASTM International,2011
[13]State Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine,People's Republic of China.GB/T 5627.1—2002Fastener Electroplated Coatings.Beijing:China Standards Press,2002(中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 5627.1—2002紧固件电镀层.北京:中国标准出版社,2002)
[14]Soltis J.Passivity breakdown,pit initiation and propagation of pits in metallic materials-Review.Corros Sci,2015,90:5
[15]Khalil W,Haupt S,Strehblow H H.The thinning of the passive layer of iron by halides.Mater Corros,2015,36(1):16
[16]Frankel G S,Sridhar N.Understanding localized corrosion.Mater Today,2008,11(10):38
[17]Ministry of Aviation Industry,People's Republic of China.HB5374—1987 Test Method for Galvanic Corrosion Current during Different Metals.Beijing:Aviation Industry Press,1987(中华人民共和国航空工业部.HB 5374—1987不同金属电偶电流测定方法.北京:航空工业出版社,1987)
[18]Zhu J Y,Xu L N,Feng Z C,et al.Galvanic corrosion of a welded joint in 3Cr low alloy pipeline steel.Corros Sci,2016,111:391
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