全球岩石圈板块为什么会运移?
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摘要
全球岩石圈板块运移的动力学机制,长期以来始终是一个议而不决的难题。地质演化历史的大量信息都埋藏在岩石圈内部,很少出露地表。然而,近2亿年来的地质信息出露比较多,资料也比较可靠,学者可对此问题进行探讨。根据全球中、新生代7次板块运动模式的变化,可以认为岩石圈板块的运动是由巨大的陨石撞击地球表层诱发的,而不是如流传很广的"地幔传送带模式"假说所认为的那样产生的。每隔3 300万年左右,地球都会随太阳系一起穿越一次星际物质较密集的银道面,引起引力场的巨变。引力场的改变使一些小行星改变其原来的运行轨道,从而导致地球表层受到来自陨石的不同角度的撞击,诱发地球岩石圈板块运动方向或模式的改变。
The dynamics of global plate migration is a very interesting project, but never solved in last fifty years. Many researchers thought that the plates must be migrated by the mantle "transporter model", but that was not true. Due to the most of geological data were hidden in the earth, however, in the last 200 million years the geological data were more emerged, thus let us to discuss the seven models of the dynamics of global plate migrations. The authors proposed a new plate tectonic dynamics hypothesis for last 200 Ma. The solar system penetrated the galactic(Milky Way) plane in each 33 Ma and let the giant meteorites impact the Earth on the different areas with different angles to form the different plate migration models. According to this new hypothesis, the meteorite impact on Earth is a result of interplanetary gravity change in the solar system.
The dynamics of global plate migration is a very interesting project, but never solved in last fifty years. Many researchers thought that the plates must be migrated by the mantle "transporter model", but that was not true. Due to the most of geological data were hidden in the earth, however, in the last 200 million years the geological data were more emerged, thus let us to discuss the seven models of the dynamics of global plate migrations. The authors proposed a new plate tectonic dynamics hypothesis for last 200 Ma. The solar system penetrated the galactic(Milky Way) plane in each 33 Ma and let the giant meteorites impact the Earth on the different areas with different angles to form the different plate migration models. According to this new hypothesis, the meteorite impact on Earth is a result of interplanetary gravity change in the solar system.
引文
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[29]GLASS B P.Introduction to Planetary Geology[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1982.
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[35]殷鸿福,徐道一,吴瑞棠.地质演化突变观[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1988.
[2]PRESS F,SIEVER R.Earth[M].New York:W H Freeman and Company,1974.
[3]HOLMES A.Principles of physical geology[M].London:Thomas Nelson and Sons,1944.
[4]GRIGGS D T.Creep of rock[J].Journal of Geology,1939,47(3):225-251.
[5]BOTT M H P,KUSZNIR N J.The origin of tectonic stress in the lithosphere[J].Tectonophysics,1984,105(1):1-13.
[6]BOTT M H P,KUSZNIR N J,WORTEL R,et al.Sub-lithospheric loading and plate-boundary forces[J].Philosophical Transactions Physical Sciences&Engineering,1991,337(1645):83-93.
[7]FORSYTH D,UYEDA S.On the relative importance of the driving forces of plate motion[J].Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,1975,43(1):163-200.
[8]TURCOTTE D L,SCHUBET G.Geodynamics:applications of continuum physics to geophysical problems[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1982.
[9]臧绍先,宁远杰.全球动力学研究的进展与问题[M]//现代地球动力学研讨会论文集.北京:地震出版社,1994.
[10]DOMEIER M,TORSVIK T H.Plate tectonics in the Late Paleozoic[J].Geoscience Frontiers,2014,5(3):303-350.
[11]TORSVIK T H,VAN DER VOO R,DOUBROVINEA P V,et al.Deep mantle structure as a reference frame for movements in and on the Earth[J/OL].[2018-09-05].http://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1318135111/-/DCSupplemental.
[12]MARZOLI A,RENNE P R,PICCIRILLO E M,et al.Extensive 200-million-year-old continental flood basalts of the Central Atlantic magmatic province[J].Science,1999,284(5414):616-618.
[13]HAMES W E,RENNE P R,RUPPEL C.New evidence for geologically instantaneous emplacement of earliest Jurassic Central Atlantic magmatic province basalts on the North American margin[J].Geology,2000,28:859-862.
[14]CONDIE K C.Mantle plumes and their record in earth history[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001.
[15]万天丰.中国大地构造学[M].北京:地质出版社,2011.
[16]万天丰.亚洲大地构造与大型矿床[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2018.
[17]STOREY B C.The role of mantle plumes in continental breakup:case histories from gondwanaland[J].Nature,1995,377:301-308.
[18]STOREY B C,KYLE P R.An active mantle mechanism for Gondwana breakup[J].South African Journal of Geology,1997,100(4):283-290.
[19]VAN DER VOO R.Paleomagnetism of the Atlantic,Tethys and Iapetus Ocean[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1993.
[20]BRANDON A D,WALKER R J.The debate over core-mantle interaction[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,2005,232:211-225.
[21]MOORE G W.Mesozoic and Cenozoic paleogeographic development of the Pacific region[C]//28th International Geological Congress,Washington D C,USA,1989:2-455-456.
[22]MARUYAMA S.Plume tectonics[J].Journal of the Geological Society of Japan,1994,100(1):24-49.
[23]MARUYAMA S,ISOZAKI Y,KIMURA G,et al.Paleogeographic map of the Japanese Islands:Plate tectonic synthesis from 750 Ma to the present[J].The Island Arc,1997,6:121-142.
[24]PAVONI N.Geotectonic bipolarity:evidence of bicellular convection in the Earth’s mantle[J].South African Journal of Geology,1997,100(4):291-299.
[25]VAN DER VOO R.Paleomagnetism of the Atlantic,Tethys and Iapetus Oceans[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1993.
[26]SHARPTON V L,DALRYMPLE G B,MARIN L E,et al.New links between the Chicxulub impact structure and the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary[J].Nature,1992,359(6398):819-821.
[27]LEE T Y,LAWVER L A.Cenozoic plate reconstruction of Southeast Asia[J].Tectonophysics,1995,251(1-4):85-138.
[28]YIN Y H,WAN T F.The possibility and dynamics of a microtektite impacted the Pacific plate and caused the change of its moving direction in the end of Eocene[G]//1995 Annual Report.The Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and its Dynamics(MGMRChina).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996:122-132.
[29]GLASS B P.Introduction to Planetary Geology[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1982.
[30]WAN T F,YIN Y H,ZHANG C H.On the extraterrestrial impact and plate tectonic dynamics:a possible interpretation[C]//Proceedings of30th International Geological Congress,VSP,1997,26:87-95.
[31]PROTHERO D R,IVANY I C,NESBITT E A.From greenhouse to icehouse-the marine eocene-oligocene transition[M].New York:Columbia University Press,2003.
[32]石耀霖.天体撞击对岩石圈热结构的影响[G]//地质矿产部岩石圈构造与动力学开放实验室1994年年报[M].北京:地震出版社,1995.
[33]RAMPINO M R,STOTHERS R B.Terrestrial mass extinctions:cometary impacts and the Sun’s motion perpendicular to the galactic plane[J].Nature,1984,308(5961):709-712.
[34]RAMPINO M R,STOTHERS R B.Flood basalt volcanism during the past 250 million years[J].Science,1988,241(4866):663-668.
[35]殷鸿福,徐道一,吴瑞棠.地质演化突变观[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1988.