汾河中下游土地生态系统固碳释氧动态测评
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摘要
本文基于光能利用率模型测算净第一性生产(NPP)物质量,通过光合作用方程式换算固定CO_2和释放O_2的物质量,并采用造林成本法和工业制氧法对汾河中下游流域的固碳释氧价值量进行估算,旨在定量评价其固碳释氧价值的时空动态,为改善区域生态环境提供一定的参考。结果表明:(1)2000—2010年汾河中下游流域NPP物质总量共增加了18.3%,耕地的NPP物质总量占研究区NPP物质总量的50%以上,主要在于汾河下游为山西省主要的粮棉产区;(2)从固碳释氧来看,释氧O_2物质量随着固定CO_2物质量的增加而增加。固碳释氧价值总量由2000年的467.38×10~7元增加到552.24×10~7元,净增84.86×10~7元,增长率为18.16%。从大到小排序为:耕地>草地>林地>其他地。(3)从县域行政空间来看,万荣县的单位面积NPP价值量和单位面积固碳释氧价值量均最高,而介休市均最低。表明汾河下游固碳释氧价值量较高,中游由于城市化进程的加快固碳释氧价值量较低,近年来退耕还林政策的落实使研究区生态环境趋势出现好转。但由于水热条件限制,区域林地增加不明显,以草地增加较为显著。
Based on light energy utilization model,Thisarticle calculated Net Primary Productivity. The photosynthesis equation was used to convert NPP to amount of CO_2 fixation and O_2 releasing and quantitatively computed the values of fixing CO_2 and O_2 releasing by using afforestation cost method and industrial oxygen generation method,in order to evaluate spatio-temporal dynamic changes of fixing CO_2 and O_2 releasing and provide some references for improving the regional ecological environment. The results showed:( 1) the total amount of NPP increased by 18. 3% during 2000—2010 in the middle and lower reaches of Fenhe river Basin. The amount of cropland NPP accounted for more than 50% of NPP in the study area and mainly distributed in the lower reaches of Fenhe River Basin,which is the main grain and cotton production area in Shanxi province.( 2) From the point of fixing CO_2 and O_2 releasing,the quality of O_2 releasing increased with the increasing of fixed CO_2. The total value of fixing CO_2 and O_2 releasing increased to 552. 24 × 10~7 yuan in 2010 from 467. 38 × 10~7 yuan in 2000. There were a net increase of 84. 86 × 10~7 yuan and an increasing rate of 18. 16%. The total value of fixing CO_2 and O_2 releasing was "cropland > grassland > forestland > other land"in orders from high to low.( 3) From the perspective of the county administrative space,the value of NPP per unit area and the value of fixing CO_2 and O_2 release per unit area was the highest in Wanrong County,while the lowest was in Jiexiu City. Overall,the value of fixing CO_2 and O_2 release was higher in the lower reaches of Fenhe River Basin and the value of fixing CO_2 and O_2 releasing was lower in the middle reaches of Fenhe River Basin due to the rapid urbanization. In recent years,the implementation of the policy of returning cropland to forestland has improved the ecological environment in the study area. Howev-er,due to the limitation of water and heat conditions,forestland increase was not obvious i,and grassland increase was more significant.
Based on light energy utilization model,Thisarticle calculated Net Primary Productivity. The photosynthesis equation was used to convert NPP to amount of CO_2 fixation and O_2 releasing and quantitatively computed the values of fixing CO_2 and O_2 releasing by using afforestation cost method and industrial oxygen generation method,in order to evaluate spatio-temporal dynamic changes of fixing CO_2 and O_2 releasing and provide some references for improving the regional ecological environment. The results showed:( 1) the total amount of NPP increased by 18. 3% during 2000—2010 in the middle and lower reaches of Fenhe river Basin. The amount of cropland NPP accounted for more than 50% of NPP in the study area and mainly distributed in the lower reaches of Fenhe River Basin,which is the main grain and cotton production area in Shanxi province.( 2) From the point of fixing CO_2 and O_2 releasing,the quality of O_2 releasing increased with the increasing of fixed CO_2. The total value of fixing CO_2 and O_2 releasing increased to 552. 24 × 10~7 yuan in 2010 from 467. 38 × 10~7 yuan in 2000. There were a net increase of 84. 86 × 10~7 yuan and an increasing rate of 18. 16%. The total value of fixing CO_2 and O_2 releasing was "cropland > grassland > forestland > other land"in orders from high to low.( 3) From the perspective of the county administrative space,the value of NPP per unit area and the value of fixing CO_2 and O_2 release per unit area was the highest in Wanrong County,while the lowest was in Jiexiu City. Overall,the value of fixing CO_2 and O_2 release was higher in the lower reaches of Fenhe River Basin and the value of fixing CO_2 and O_2 releasing was lower in the middle reaches of Fenhe River Basin due to the rapid urbanization. In recent years,the implementation of the policy of returning cropland to forestland has improved the ecological environment in the study area. Howev-er,due to the limitation of water and heat conditions,forestland increase was not obvious i,and grassland increase was more significant.
引文
[1]任志远,李晶.秦巴山区植被固定CO2释放O2生态价值测评[J].地理研究,2004,23(6):769-775.
[2]Costanza R,d'Arge R,R.S.de Groot R,et al.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387(1):3-15.
[3]Ren Zhiyuan,Zhang Yanfang,Li Jing,et al.The value of vegetation ecosystem service:A case of Qinling-Daba Mountains[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2003,13(2):238-243.
[4]刘宪锋,任志远,林志慧.青藏高原生态系统固碳释氧价值动态测评[J].地理研究,2013,32(4):663-670.
[5]傅伯杰,张立伟.土地利用变化与生态系统服务:概念、方法与进展[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(4):441-446.
[6]李晶,任志远.基于GIS的陕北黄土高原土地生态系统固碳释氧价值评价[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(14):2943-2950.
[7]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(5):607-613.
[8]万昊,刘卫国.六盘山2种森林植被固碳释氧计量研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):332-336.
[9]鲁春霞,谢高地,肖玉,等.青藏高原生态系统服务功能的价值评估[J].生态学报,2004,24(12):2749-2756.
[10]任志远,李晶.陕南秦巴山区植被生态功能的价值测评[J].地理学报,2003,58(4):503-511.
[11]赵同谦,欧阳志云,郑华,等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(4):480-491.
[12]Daily G C.Nature's services:societal dependence on natural ecosystems[J].Corporate Environmental Strategy,1997,6(2):220-221.
[13]张镱锂,祁威,周才平,等.青藏高原高寒草地净初级生产力(NPP)时空分异[J].地理学报,2013,68(9):1197-1211.
[14]朱志辉.自然植被净第一性生产力估计模式[J].科学通报,1993,38(15):1422-1426.
[15]周广胜,张新时.全球气候变化的中国自然植被的净第一性生产力研究[J].植物生态学报,1996,20(1):11-19.
[16]孙睿,朱启疆.中国陆地植被净第一性生产力及季节变化研究[J].地理学报,2000,55(1):36-45.
[17]朱文泉,潘耀忠,张锦水.中国陆地植被净初级生产力遥感估算[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):413-424.
[2]Costanza R,d'Arge R,R.S.de Groot R,et al.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387(1):3-15.
[3]Ren Zhiyuan,Zhang Yanfang,Li Jing,et al.The value of vegetation ecosystem service:A case of Qinling-Daba Mountains[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2003,13(2):238-243.
[4]刘宪锋,任志远,林志慧.青藏高原生态系统固碳释氧价值动态测评[J].地理研究,2013,32(4):663-670.
[5]傅伯杰,张立伟.土地利用变化与生态系统服务:概念、方法与进展[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(4):441-446.
[6]李晶,任志远.基于GIS的陕北黄土高原土地生态系统固碳释氧价值评价[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(14):2943-2950.
[7]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(5):607-613.
[8]万昊,刘卫国.六盘山2种森林植被固碳释氧计量研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):332-336.
[9]鲁春霞,谢高地,肖玉,等.青藏高原生态系统服务功能的价值评估[J].生态学报,2004,24(12):2749-2756.
[10]任志远,李晶.陕南秦巴山区植被生态功能的价值测评[J].地理学报,2003,58(4):503-511.
[11]赵同谦,欧阳志云,郑华,等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(4):480-491.
[12]Daily G C.Nature's services:societal dependence on natural ecosystems[J].Corporate Environmental Strategy,1997,6(2):220-221.
[13]张镱锂,祁威,周才平,等.青藏高原高寒草地净初级生产力(NPP)时空分异[J].地理学报,2013,68(9):1197-1211.
[14]朱志辉.自然植被净第一性生产力估计模式[J].科学通报,1993,38(15):1422-1426.
[15]周广胜,张新时.全球气候变化的中国自然植被的净第一性生产力研究[J].植物生态学报,1996,20(1):11-19.
[16]孙睿,朱启疆.中国陆地植被净第一性生产力及季节变化研究[J].地理学报,2000,55(1):36-45.
[17]朱文泉,潘耀忠,张锦水.中国陆地植被净初级生产力遥感估算[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):413-424.