主轴动态精度测试与分析
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摘要
主轴动态误差对加工精度有至关重要的影响,针对主轴动态误差进行了试验与分析。介绍了主轴动态误差的概念,采用主轴动态误差分析仪对主轴动态误差进行了采集,采集的数据包括主轴径向平均误差、径向异步误差、轴向平均误差、轴向异步误差以及轴向最小间隙。对某型号同类型三台立式加工中心分别进行了多转速情况下的测量,对比并分析了三台立式加工中心的测量结果。在转速为7 500 r/min时,三台立式加工中心径向异步误差分别为70、15、15μm;在转速升至6 000 r/min之后主轴最小径向间隙均有较大提升。试验结果表明:主轴动态精度受到机床工况和转速共同影响;在高速转动情况下,主轴径向最小间隙增大明显;加工时要根据工况合理安排转速,以保证加工质量。
The dynamic error of spindle has an important influence on machining accuracy. The dynamic error of spindle was tested and analyzed. The concept of dynamic error of the spindle was introduced,and dynamic error analyzer of the spindle was used to collect the dynamic errors,including radial average errors,radial asynchronous errors,axial average errors,axial asynchronous errors and axial minimum clearance. Three same type vertical machining centers were measured under different rotating speeds respectively,and the measurement results were compared and analyzed. At the rotating speed of 7 500 r/min,Radial asynchronous errors of three vertical machining centers are 70,15 and 15 μm respectively. After the rotating speed increased to 6 000 r/min,the minimum radial clearance of the spindle increases significantly. The results show that the dynamic accuracy of the spindle was affected by the working condition and rotating speed of the machine. In the case of high-speed rotation,the radial minimum clearance increases obviously. To ensure the quality of machining,the rotating speed should be arranged according to the working condition reasonably when processing.
The dynamic error of spindle has an important influence on machining accuracy. The dynamic error of spindle was tested and analyzed. The concept of dynamic error of the spindle was introduced,and dynamic error analyzer of the spindle was used to collect the dynamic errors,including radial average errors,radial asynchronous errors,axial average errors,axial asynchronous errors and axial minimum clearance. Three same type vertical machining centers were measured under different rotating speeds respectively,and the measurement results were compared and analyzed. At the rotating speed of 7 500 r/min,Radial asynchronous errors of three vertical machining centers are 70,15 and 15 μm respectively. After the rotating speed increased to 6 000 r/min,the minimum radial clearance of the spindle increases significantly. The results show that the dynamic accuracy of the spindle was affected by the working condition and rotating speed of the machine. In the case of high-speed rotation,the radial minimum clearance increases obviously. To ensure the quality of machining,the rotating speed should be arranged according to the working condition reasonably when processing.
引文
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[3]朱永生,岳鹏飞,闫柯,等.精密主轴动态回转误差的实验研究[J].机床与液压,2015,43(7):18-21.ZHU Y S,YUE P F,YAN K,et al.Experimental Study on the Dynamic Error Motion of the Precise Spindle System[J].Machine Tool&Hydraulics,2015,43(7):18-21.
[4]许颖,刘阔.主轴转速和温升对主轴动态误差影响的测试[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2015(9):60-62.XU Y,LIU K.Influence Test of Rotating Speed and Temperature Rise to Dynamic Errors[J].Modular Machine Tool&Automatic Manufacturing Technique,2015(9):60-62.
[5]刘阔,王冠明,马晓波.立式加工中心主轴动态误差的测试及研究[J].制造技术与机床,2013(1):155-160.LIU K,WANG G M,MA X B.Test and Research of Vertical Machine Center’s Dynamic Errors[J].Manufacturing Technology&Machine Tools,2013(1):155-160.
[6]包丽,仝建.结合模态分析的VMC850E加工中心主轴动态误差研究[J].制造技术与机床,2015(1):72-75.BAO L,TONG J.Research of VMC850E Machining Center Spindle Dynamic Error Based on Modal Analysis[J].Manufacturing Technology&Machine Tools,2015(1):72-75.
[7]靳岚,燕昭阳,谢黎明,等.高速主轴回转误差动态测试与分析[J].制造技术与机床,2012(4):93-95.JIN L,YAN Z Y,XIE L M,et al.Dynamic Testing and Analysis of Rotational Error of High-speed Spindle[J].Manufacturing Technology&Machine Tools,2012(4):93-95.
[8]贾振元,王福吉.机械制造技术基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[9]姚俊,王平.主轴回转精度测量方法[J].制造技术与机床,2011(12):176-180.YAO J,WANG P.Measurement Methods of Spindle’s Rotation Accuracy[J].Manufacturing Technology&Machine Tools,2011(12):176-180.