正牵引构造对冲积扇储层内部构型的控制作用
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摘要
针对同生逆断层上盘发育的正牵引构造与冲积扇储层内部构型耦合关系不明的情况,利用岩心、露头、密井网及地震等资料,采用井震结合、标志层与目的层高程差、构型层次分析及地质综合分析等方法,从正牵引构造的基本特征出发,探讨了其控制下冲积扇储层内部构型的差异分布特点。研究表明:(1)正牵引构造有4个基本特征:呈不对称的背斜隆起形态、不同位置隆起幅度存在差异且具有累积效应、常与张性构造和不整合伴生、具有继承性发育且分布范围渐变的特点;(2)正牵引构造引起的差异隆起的沉积底形控制了冲积扇砂砾岩体的分布样式,冲积扇砂砾岩体构型要素在空间上分布与已有冲积扇沉积模式差异较大,即不再遵循辐向距扇根部位距离相等的位置具有大体相同的构型属性的规律;(3)正牵引构造控制了沉积物可容空间的大小,抬升隆起导致其发育部位可容空间不断降低,而其侧翼的则不断增加。同时,其隆起的沉积底形影响了古水流的流向,最终改变了冲积扇储层内部构型的分布格局,不再遵循沿辐向上构型要素类型与规模渐变的基本特征。
The coupling relationship between the normal drag structure developed in the hanging wall of a contemporaneous reverse fault and the internal reservoir architecture in alluvial fan,based on core,outcrop,dense well and seismic data is unclear. Well-to-seismic calibration,elevation differences between key and target strata,hierarchy bounding surface analysis and comprehensive geological analysis have been used to clarify this relationship. The differential distribution characteristics of internal reservoir architecture under the control of normal drag structure were studied. Research shows:( 1) Normal drag structure has 4 essential features: asymmetrical anticline uplift morphology,uplifted extent difference exists in different places with cumulative effect,extensional tectonic and unconformities often appear,successive development and distribution range gradually change.(2) The bed form of differential uplifting caused by normal drag structure controlled the dispersion and filling with sandy conglomerate,which was different from the traditional mode,that is,different architecture may appear at the same distance to the fan root.(3) Normal drag structure controlled sediment accommodation space. Uplift made the space decrease,and on the wings increase instead. On the other hand,uplifting sedimentary bed form affected the direction of paleocurrent and changed the distribution of internal architecture in an alluvial fan reservoir. Architecture element type and scale no longer changed along the radial direction.
The coupling relationship between the normal drag structure developed in the hanging wall of a contemporaneous reverse fault and the internal reservoir architecture in alluvial fan,based on core,outcrop,dense well and seismic data is unclear. Well-to-seismic calibration,elevation differences between key and target strata,hierarchy bounding surface analysis and comprehensive geological analysis have been used to clarify this relationship. The differential distribution characteristics of internal reservoir architecture under the control of normal drag structure were studied. Research shows:( 1) Normal drag structure has 4 essential features: asymmetrical anticline uplift morphology,uplifted extent difference exists in different places with cumulative effect,extensional tectonic and unconformities often appear,successive development and distribution range gradually change.(2) The bed form of differential uplifting caused by normal drag structure controlled the dispersion and filling with sandy conglomerate,which was different from the traditional mode,that is,different architecture may appear at the same distance to the fan root.(3) Normal drag structure controlled sediment accommodation space. Uplift made the space decrease,and on the wings increase instead. On the other hand,uplifting sedimentary bed form affected the direction of paleocurrent and changed the distribution of internal architecture in an alluvial fan reservoir. Architecture element type and scale no longer changed along the radial direction.
引文
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[2]林畅松.沉积盆地的构造地层分析:以中国构造活动盆地研究为例[J].现代地质,2006,20(2):185-194.Lin Changsong.Tectono-stratigraphic analysis of sedimentary basins:A case study on the inland tectonically active basins in China[J].Geoscience,2006,20(2):185-194.
[3]王英民,刘豪,李立诚,等.准噶尔大型坳陷湖盆坡折带的类型和分布特征[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2002,27(6):683-688.Wang Yingmin,Liu Hao,Li Licheng,et al.Types and distribution characteristics of slope breaks of large-type down-warped lake basins[J].Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2002,27(6):683-688.
[4]任建业,陆永潮,张青林.断陷盆地构造坡折带形成机制及其对层序发育样式的控制[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2004,29(5):596-602.Ren Jianye,Lu Yongchao,Zhang Qinglin.Forming mechanism of structural slope-break and its control on sequence style in faulted basin[J].Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2004,29(5):596-602.
[5]鲍志东,赵艳军,祁利祺,等.构造转换带储集体发育的主控因素:以准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系为例[J].岩石学报,2011,27(3):867-877.Bao Zhidong,Zhao Yanjun,Qi Liqi,et al.Controlling factors of reservoir development in structural transfer zones:A case study of the inner Junggar Basin in Jurassic[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(3):867-877.
[6]陈发景,贾庆素,张洪年.传递带及其在砂体发育中的作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(2):144-148.Chen Fajing,Jia Qingsu,Zhang Hongnian.Transfer zone and its relation with distribution of sand bodies[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2004,25(2):144-148.
[7]胡望水,胡芳,李瑞生,等.东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡区坡折带发育及特征研究[J].石油地质与工程,2010,24(3):1-4.Hu Wangshui,Hu Fang,Li Ruisheng,et al.Slope break zone development and characteristics in Pinghu slope zone around Xihu Sag of East China Sea Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2010,24(3):1-4.
[8]李思田.沉积盆地的动力学分析:盆地研究领域的主要趋向[J].地学前缘,1995,2(3/4):1-8.Li Sitian.Geodynamics of sedimentary basins:The main trend of basin research[J].Earth Science Frontiers,1995,2(3/4):1-8.
[9]Mastalerz K,Wojewoda J.Alluvial-fan sedimentation along an active strike-slip fault:Plio-pleistocene pre-Kaczawa Fan,SW Poland[M]//Marzo M,Puigdefábregas C.Alluvial sedimentation.sedimentol.[S.l.]:The International Association of Sedimentologists,1993:293-304.
[10]Srivastava P,Rajak M K,Singh L P.Late Quaternary alluvial fans and paleosols of the Kangra Basin,NW Himalaya:Tectonic and paleoclimatic implications[J].CATENA,2009,76(2):135-154.
[11]吴胜和,范峥,许长福,等.新疆克拉玛依油田三叠系克下组冲积扇内部构型[J].古地理学报,2012,14(3):331-340.Wu Shenghe,Fan Zheng,Xu Changfu,et al.Triassic Lower Karamay Formation in Karamay oilfield,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Palaeogeo-graphy,2012,14(3):331-340.
[12]Thorsen C E.Age of growth faulting in Southeast Louisiana[J].Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions,1963,13:103-110.
[13]胜利油田勘探开发规划研究院勘探室.逆牵引构造地质特点及油气富集情况[J].石油勘探与开发,1976,3(1):9-25.Exploration and Development Institute of Shengli Oilfield.Geological characteristics and enrichment of oil and gas in reverse traction[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1976,3(1):9-25.
[14]李德生.滚动背斜油气田[J].石油实验地质,1980,2(2):1-8.Li Desheng.Rolling oil and gas field[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,1980,2(2):1-8.
[15]杨茂新.生长断层下降盘逆牵引背斜成因探讨[J].石油物探,1995,34(2):105-109.Yang Maoxin.Genesis of reverse dragging anticlines on downthrown side of growth faults[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1995,34(2):105-109.
[16]陈发景.逆牵引背斜构造特征和成因[J].现代地质,2008,22(4):664-668.Chen Fajing.Structural characteristics and origin of reverse drag anticlines[J].Geoscience,2008,22(4):664-668.
[17]Hamblin W K.Origin of“reverse drag”on the downthrown side of normal faults[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1965,76(10):1145-1164.
[18]王宁国.正牵引构造及其找油意义[J].石油与天然气地质,1981,2(3):265-275.Wang Ningguo.Normal drag structure and its significance in oil prospecting[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1981,2(3):265-275.
[19]王宁国.阿尔金弧形构造带与油气的关系[J].石油学报,1982,3(2):21-27.Wang Ningguo.The Aerjin arcuate structural zone and its relationship with oil and gas[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1982,3(2):21-27.
[20]吴庆福.试论生长逆断层带的活动及其油气勘探问题[J].石油与天然气地质,1987,8(2):119-125.Wu Qingfu.A preliminary approach on growth thrust fault belts and their oil and gas exploration[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1987,8(2):119-125.
[21]宋廷光.同沉积逆断层的发育特点及油气聚集条件分析[J].青海地质,1997,(2):6-13.Song Tingguang.Properties of synsedimentary reverse faults and petroleum accumulation[J].Qinghai Geology,1997,(2):6-13.
[22]Song Tingguang,Wang Xiepei.Structural styles and stratigraphic patterns of syndepositional faults in a contractional setting;examples from Quaidam Basin,northwestern China[J].AAPG Bulletin,1993,77(1):102-117.
[23]Grasemann B,Martel S,Passchier C.Reverse and normal drag along a fault[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2005,27(6):999-1010.
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