同生逆断层对冲积扇沉积构型的控制作用:以准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系下克拉玛依组为例
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摘要
以新疆准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系克拉玛依组冲积扇为例,综合应用岩心、测井、地震资料及邻近露头资料,通过沉积构型及构造-沉积响应分析,探讨挤压型盆地边缘与同生逆断层相关的冲积扇沉积构型特征。研究表明:挤压型盆地边缘冲积扇扇体的形态、规模和组合样式受到同生逆断层组合样式的控制。在多条平行盆地边缘的断层与顺源调节断层组合的条件下,调节断层走滑活动导致物源区溯源剥蚀,扇体呈快速退积而形成薄层条带溯源叠置组合。同时,调节断裂的平移活动会影响物源出口位置的侧向偏移,形成侧向迁移叠置扇体组合;在强烈活动的交叉状同生逆断层组合条件下,则形成多期厚层垂向叠置扇体组合。
This paper deals with the depositional architectural characteristics of alluvial fan associated with contemporaneous reverse faults at compressional basin margin,taking the example of Triassic Karamay Formation at the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin.Based on lithofacies study,hierarchical bounding surface analysis,outcrops and subsurface analogues as well as seismic data integration,the combination types of contemporaneous reverse faults at compressional basin margin are summarized.According to this study,the distribution of alluvial fan bodies at compressional basin margin is mainly controlled by the combination of contemporaneous reverse faults.Different combinations of contemporaneous reverse faults resulted in the scale and morphology variation between different fans.In the combination of multiple parallel faults and strike-slip faults,the movement of dextral strike-slip fault resulted in continuous headward erosion which eventually evolved into an accommodation area;under this condition the fan bodies presented a rapid retrograding thinbedded overlying pattern of banded shape dipping towards the provenance.Meanwhile,the translation of strike-slip fault had an impact over the sediment transportation from provenance;thus the fan bodies could also display a lateral migration overlying pattern.Where cross-shaped contemporaneous reverse faults act strongly,a multi-period thick vertical superimposed fan combination could be formed.
This paper deals with the depositional architectural characteristics of alluvial fan associated with contemporaneous reverse faults at compressional basin margin,taking the example of Triassic Karamay Formation at the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin.Based on lithofacies study,hierarchical bounding surface analysis,outcrops and subsurface analogues as well as seismic data integration,the combination types of contemporaneous reverse faults at compressional basin margin are summarized.According to this study,the distribution of alluvial fan bodies at compressional basin margin is mainly controlled by the combination of contemporaneous reverse faults.Different combinations of contemporaneous reverse faults resulted in the scale and morphology variation between different fans.In the combination of multiple parallel faults and strike-slip faults,the movement of dextral strike-slip fault resulted in continuous headward erosion which eventually evolved into an accommodation area;under this condition the fan bodies presented a rapid retrograding thinbedded overlying pattern of banded shape dipping towards the provenance.Meanwhile,the translation of strike-slip fault had an impact over the sediment transportation from provenance;thus the fan bodies could also display a lateral migration overlying pattern.Where cross-shaped contemporaneous reverse faults act strongly,a multi-period thick vertical superimposed fan combination could be formed.
引文
[1]Drew F.Alluvial and lacustrine deposits and glacial records of the upper Indus basin[J].Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society,1873,29:441-471.
[2]Bull W B.Recognition of alluvial-fan deposits in the stratigraphic record[J].Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,Special Publication,1972,16:63-83.
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[5]张纪易.粗碎屑洪积扇的某些沉积特征和微相划分[J].沉积学报,1985,3(5):75-85.
[6]Suresh N,Bagati T,Kumar R,et al.Evolution of Quaternary alluvial fans and terraces in the intramontane Pinjaur Dun,Sub-Himalaya,NW India:Interaction between tectonics and climate change[J].Sedimentology,2007,54:809-833.
[7]伊振林,吴胜和,杜庆龙,等.冲积扇储层构型精细解剖方法:以克拉玛依油田六中区下克拉玛依组为例[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2010,40(4):939-946.
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[9]印森林,吴胜和,冯文杰,等.冲积扇储集层内部隔夹层样式:以克拉玛依油田中区克下组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(6):811-818.
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[12]Srivastava P,Rajak M K,Singh L P.Late Quaternary alluvial fans and paleosols of the Kangra basin,NW Himalaya:Tectonic and paleoclimatic implications[J].Catena,2009,76:135-154.
[13]Mastalerz K J W.Alluvial-fan sedimentation along an active strike-slip fault:Plio-Pleistocene Pre-Kaczawa Fan,SW Poland[J].Special Publication Number 17of the International Association of Sedimentologists,1993(17):293-304.
[14]Turan M.Alluvial fan growth in a seismically active intermontane foreland basin:Kuular Formation,Eastern Turkey[J].Sediment Geology,1993,85(1):115-133.
[15]Bullen M E.Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the north-western Tien Shan New age estimates for the initiation of mountain building[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2001,113(2):1544-1559.
[16]Harvey A M.The coupling status of alluvial fans and debris cones:A review and synthesis[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2012,37:64-76.
[17]王宁国.正牵引构造及其找油意义[J].石油与天然气地质,1981,2(3):265-275.
[18]王宁国.阿尔金弧形构造带与油气的关系[J].石油学报,1982,3(2):21-27.
[19]吴庆福.试论生长逆断层带的活动及其油气勘探问题[J].石油与天然气地质,1987,8(2):119-125.
[20]Song T G,Wang X P.Structural styles and stratigraphic patterns of syndepositional faults in a contractional setting:Examples from Quaidam Basin,Northwestern China[J].AAPG Bulletin,1993,77(1):102-117.
[21]Muravchik M,Bilmes A,Elia L D,et al.Alluvial fan deposition along a rift depocentre border from the Neuquen Basin,Argentina[J].Sedimentary Geology,2014,301:70-80.
[22]Jones S J,Arzani N,Allen M B.Tectonic and climatic controls on fan systems:The Kohrud mountain belt,Central Iran[J].Sedimentary Geology,2014,302:29-43.
[23]焦养泉.克拉玛依油田露头区克拉玛依组层序地层、沉积体系和储层地质模型研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2001.
[24]陈书平,况军,刘继山,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘克百地区不整合面及其动力学条件[J].高校地质学报,2008,14(2):199-205.
[25]何登发,尹成,杜社宽,等.前陆冲断带构造分段特征:以准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂构造带为例[J].地学前缘,2004,11(3):91-101.
[26]陈发景,汪新文,汪新伟.准噶尔盆地的原型和构造演化[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):77-89.
[27]孟家峰,郭召杰,方世虎.准噶尔盆地西北缘冲断构造新解[J].地学前缘,2009,16(3):171-180.
[28]李玮.准噶尔盆地西北缘造山带中生代盆地形成机制及构造演化[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2007.
[29]郑占.冲积扇储层内部构型研究:以克拉玛依油田三叠系克下组为例[D].北京:中国石油大学,2010.
[30]余宽宏.克拉玛依油田洪积扇-辫状河定量沉积模式及储层构型[D].北京:中国石油大学,2013.
[31]邵雨,汪仁富,张越迁,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘走滑构造与油气勘探[J].石油学报,2011,32(6):976-984.
[32]印森林,吴胜和,李俊飞,等.同生逆断层正牵引构造对高频层序地层结构及沉积充填的控制作用[J].地质论评,2014,60(2):310-320.
[33]吴胜和,纪友亮,岳大力,等.碎屑沉积地质体构型分级方案探讨[J].高校地质学报,2013,19(1):12-22.
[2]Bull W B.Recognition of alluvial-fan deposits in the stratigraphic record[J].Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,Special Publication,1972,16:63-83.
[3]Bull W B.The alluvial-fan environment[J].Progress in Physical Geography,1977,1(2):222-270.
[4]张纪易.克拉玛依洪积扇粗碎屑储集体[J].新疆石油地质,1980,1(1):33-55.
[5]张纪易.粗碎屑洪积扇的某些沉积特征和微相划分[J].沉积学报,1985,3(5):75-85.
[6]Suresh N,Bagati T,Kumar R,et al.Evolution of Quaternary alluvial fans and terraces in the intramontane Pinjaur Dun,Sub-Himalaya,NW India:Interaction between tectonics and climate change[J].Sedimentology,2007,54:809-833.
[7]伊振林,吴胜和,杜庆龙,等.冲积扇储层构型精细解剖方法:以克拉玛依油田六中区下克拉玛依组为例[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2010,40(4):939-946.
[8]吴胜和,范峥,许长福,等.新疆克拉玛依油田三叠系克下组冲积扇内部构型[J].古地理学报,2012,14(3):331-340.
[9]印森林,吴胜和,冯文杰,等.冲积扇储集层内部隔夹层样式:以克拉玛依油田中区克下组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(6):811-818.
[10]Decelles P G,Tolson R B,Graham S A,et al.Laramide thrust-generated alluvial-fan sedimentation,Sphinx conglomerated,Southwestern Montana[J].AAPG Bulletin,1987,71:135-155.
[11]Quigley M C,Sandiford M,Cupper M L.Distinguishing tectonic from climatic controls on range-front sedimentation[J].Basin Research,2007,19(4):491-505.
[12]Srivastava P,Rajak M K,Singh L P.Late Quaternary alluvial fans and paleosols of the Kangra basin,NW Himalaya:Tectonic and paleoclimatic implications[J].Catena,2009,76:135-154.
[13]Mastalerz K J W.Alluvial-fan sedimentation along an active strike-slip fault:Plio-Pleistocene Pre-Kaczawa Fan,SW Poland[J].Special Publication Number 17of the International Association of Sedimentologists,1993(17):293-304.
[14]Turan M.Alluvial fan growth in a seismically active intermontane foreland basin:Kuular Formation,Eastern Turkey[J].Sediment Geology,1993,85(1):115-133.
[15]Bullen M E.Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the north-western Tien Shan New age estimates for the initiation of mountain building[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2001,113(2):1544-1559.
[16]Harvey A M.The coupling status of alluvial fans and debris cones:A review and synthesis[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2012,37:64-76.
[17]王宁国.正牵引构造及其找油意义[J].石油与天然气地质,1981,2(3):265-275.
[18]王宁国.阿尔金弧形构造带与油气的关系[J].石油学报,1982,3(2):21-27.
[19]吴庆福.试论生长逆断层带的活动及其油气勘探问题[J].石油与天然气地质,1987,8(2):119-125.
[20]Song T G,Wang X P.Structural styles and stratigraphic patterns of syndepositional faults in a contractional setting:Examples from Quaidam Basin,Northwestern China[J].AAPG Bulletin,1993,77(1):102-117.
[21]Muravchik M,Bilmes A,Elia L D,et al.Alluvial fan deposition along a rift depocentre border from the Neuquen Basin,Argentina[J].Sedimentary Geology,2014,301:70-80.
[22]Jones S J,Arzani N,Allen M B.Tectonic and climatic controls on fan systems:The Kohrud mountain belt,Central Iran[J].Sedimentary Geology,2014,302:29-43.
[23]焦养泉.克拉玛依油田露头区克拉玛依组层序地层、沉积体系和储层地质模型研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2001.
[24]陈书平,况军,刘继山,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘克百地区不整合面及其动力学条件[J].高校地质学报,2008,14(2):199-205.
[25]何登发,尹成,杜社宽,等.前陆冲断带构造分段特征:以准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂构造带为例[J].地学前缘,2004,11(3):91-101.
[26]陈发景,汪新文,汪新伟.准噶尔盆地的原型和构造演化[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):77-89.
[27]孟家峰,郭召杰,方世虎.准噶尔盆地西北缘冲断构造新解[J].地学前缘,2009,16(3):171-180.
[28]李玮.准噶尔盆地西北缘造山带中生代盆地形成机制及构造演化[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2007.
[29]郑占.冲积扇储层内部构型研究:以克拉玛依油田三叠系克下组为例[D].北京:中国石油大学,2010.
[30]余宽宏.克拉玛依油田洪积扇-辫状河定量沉积模式及储层构型[D].北京:中国石油大学,2013.
[31]邵雨,汪仁富,张越迁,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘走滑构造与油气勘探[J].石油学报,2011,32(6):976-984.
[32]印森林,吴胜和,李俊飞,等.同生逆断层正牵引构造对高频层序地层结构及沉积充填的控制作用[J].地质论评,2014,60(2):310-320.
[33]吴胜和,纪友亮,岳大力,等.碎屑沉积地质体构型分级方案探讨[J].高校地质学报,2013,19(1):12-22.