上海市金山区2006—2015年职业性化学灼伤发病特征及防控策略
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摘要
[目的]分析上海市金山区职业性化学灼伤病例特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。[方法]根据中国疾病预防控制中心职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统中报告的上海市金山区2006—2015年职业性化学灼伤病例,分析病例的人群特征、企业分布、发病趋势等特征。[结果]2006—2015年金山区报告职业性化学灼伤278例,占报告职业病总数的68.6%。其中化学性眼部灼伤253例(91.0%)、化学性皮肤灼伤25例(9.0%);男性250例(89.9%),女性28例(10.1%)。发病年龄中位数(M)为40岁,发病工龄M为3年,工龄以<5年最多(61.9%)。病例企业分布主要以内资企业(77.3%)、小型企业(66.9%)及化学原料和化学制品制造业(33.5%)为主。[结论]金山区职业性化学灼伤以眼部灼伤为主,病例工龄均较短。防控的重点行业是小型企业、内资企业、化学原料和化学制品制造业;尤其应关注短工龄劳动者,重点加强劳动者眼部的防护措施。
[Objective] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational chemical burns in Jinshan District of Shanghai, and provide scientific evidence for developing occupational disease control measures.[Methods] Reported cases of occupational chemical burns from 2006 to 2015 in Jinshan District Shanghai were retrieved from the national occupational diseases and occupational health information monitoring system and subjected to statistical analysis on population characteristics, enterprise distribution, and incidence trend.[Results] From 2006 to 2015, 278 cases of occupational chemical burns were recorded, accounting for 68.6% of total occupational diseases reported in this area. Specifically, 253 cases(91.0%) were chemical eye burns and 25 cases(9.0%) were chemical skin burns; 250 cases(89.9%) were male patients and 28 cases(10.1%) were female patients. The median age of the included cases was 40 years old, and the median exposure time was 3 years with 61.9% of the cases working less than 5 years. Most cases were reported in domestic enterprises(77.3%), small enterprises(66.9%), and chemical materials and chemical products manufactures(33.5%).[Conclusion] Occupational chemical eye burns are predominant occupational chemical burns reported in Jinshan District of Shanghai, and most cases have a relatively short exposure time. The prevention and control of occupational diseases should focuson domestic enterprises, small enterprises, and chemical materials and chemical products manufactures. In addition, more attention should be paid to those with short working age and enforcing eyes protection.
[Objective] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of occupational chemical burns in Jinshan District of Shanghai, and provide scientific evidence for developing occupational disease control measures.[Methods] Reported cases of occupational chemical burns from 2006 to 2015 in Jinshan District Shanghai were retrieved from the national occupational diseases and occupational health information monitoring system and subjected to statistical analysis on population characteristics, enterprise distribution, and incidence trend.[Results] From 2006 to 2015, 278 cases of occupational chemical burns were recorded, accounting for 68.6% of total occupational diseases reported in this area. Specifically, 253 cases(91.0%) were chemical eye burns and 25 cases(9.0%) were chemical skin burns; 250 cases(89.9%) were male patients and 28 cases(10.1%) were female patients. The median age of the included cases was 40 years old, and the median exposure time was 3 years with 61.9% of the cases working less than 5 years. Most cases were reported in domestic enterprises(77.3%), small enterprises(66.9%), and chemical materials and chemical products manufactures(33.5%).[Conclusion] Occupational chemical eye burns are predominant occupational chemical burns reported in Jinshan District of Shanghai, and most cases have a relatively short exposure time. The prevention and control of occupational diseases should focuson domestic enterprises, small enterprises, and chemical materials and chemical products manufactures. In addition, more attention should be paid to those with short working age and enforcing eyes protection.
引文
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[6]中华人民共和国国家统计局.关于划分企业登记注册类型的规定[EB/OL].[2016-02-17].http://www.stats.gov.cn/statsinfo/auto2073/201310/t20131031_450535.html.
[7]俞丹丹,王丽华,王莉萍,等.2004—2014年上海市金山区职业性眼病流行病学特征[J].环境与职业医学,2015,32(11):1047-1050.
[8]叶开友,徐瑞芳,陆辰汝.2002—2013年上海市青浦区职业病发病特征[J].环境与职业医学,2015,32(5):426-429.
[9]张捷,严峥,冯鸿义.2005—2012年江阴市职业性化学性灼伤新发病例回顾[J].职业与健康,2013,26(16):2003-2006.
[10]李艳平,谢石,吴佳嫣,等.江苏省镇江市2006—2013年职业病发病情况分析[J].环境与职业医学,2015,32(2):132-135.
[11]王桂敏,姜永根,汤宇斌,等.2000至2009年上海市松江区职业病状况分析[J].环境与职业医学,2010,27(11):677-679,682.
[12]胡芳,吴玉霞.2000—2014年上海市普陀区职业病状况分析[J].环境与职业医学,2015,32(10):948-952.
[2]王丽华,樊哲优,王朋,等.2000—2012年上海市金山区职业病发病情况[J].职业与健康,2014,30(4):436-438.
[3]国家安全生产监督管理总局.关于印发《职业病分类和目录》的通知(国卫疾控发[2013]48号)[EB/OL].[2016-02-17].http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/Contents/Channel_4188/2013/1231/228931/content_228931.htm.
[4]中华人民共和国国家统计局.统计上大中小微型企业划分办法(国统字[2011]75号)[EB/OL].[2016-02-17].http://www.stats.gov.cn/statsinfo/auto2073/201310/t20131031_450691.html.
[5]中华人民共和国国家统计局.国民经济行业分类(GB/T4754—2011)[EB/OL].[2016-02-17].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/hyflbz/.
[6]中华人民共和国国家统计局.关于划分企业登记注册类型的规定[EB/OL].[2016-02-17].http://www.stats.gov.cn/statsinfo/auto2073/201310/t20131031_450535.html.
[7]俞丹丹,王丽华,王莉萍,等.2004—2014年上海市金山区职业性眼病流行病学特征[J].环境与职业医学,2015,32(11):1047-1050.
[8]叶开友,徐瑞芳,陆辰汝.2002—2013年上海市青浦区职业病发病特征[J].环境与职业医学,2015,32(5):426-429.
[9]张捷,严峥,冯鸿义.2005—2012年江阴市职业性化学性灼伤新发病例回顾[J].职业与健康,2013,26(16):2003-2006.
[10]李艳平,谢石,吴佳嫣,等.江苏省镇江市2006—2013年职业病发病情况分析[J].环境与职业医学,2015,32(2):132-135.
[11]王桂敏,姜永根,汤宇斌,等.2000至2009年上海市松江区职业病状况分析[J].环境与职业医学,2010,27(11):677-679,682.
[12]胡芳,吴玉霞.2000—2014年上海市普陀区职业病状况分析[J].环境与职业医学,2015,32(10):948-952.
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