2006—2013年广东省新发职业性皮肤病分布特点与防治对策探讨
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摘要
目的分析2006—2013年广东省职业性皮肤病的发病情况,提出预防控制策略。方法采用常规资料分析的方法,收集职业病网络直报系统中有关广东省2006—2013年新发职业性皮肤病的信息资料进行分析。结果 2006—2013年广东省共报告职业性皮肤病224例,占本省此时期新发职业病的5.92%(224/3 785)。男性174例(占77.68%),女性50例(占22.3上2%)。发病年龄中位数(M)为28.5岁,92.41%(207/224)的病例发病年龄<45.0岁;发病工龄M为0.2年,66.08%(148/224)的病例发病工龄<1.0年。病种分布居前3位的分别是职业性三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎、职业性化学性皮肤灼伤和职业性接触性皮炎,分别有111、42和32例,三者共占82.59%(185/224);其发病工龄从低到高依次为:职业性三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎(M为30.0 d)<职业性化学性皮肤灼伤(M为1.4年)<职业性接触性皮炎(M为4.0年)。地区分布居前3位的分别为深圳市、东莞市和广州市,分别有126、51和18例,三者共占87.05%(195/224)。行业分布居前3位的分别为轻工业、电子业和机械业,分别有103、61和31例,三者共占87.05%(195/224)。企业分布呈散发性,但以分布于内资企业和中小型企业多见。结论广东省职业性皮肤病发病形势不容乐观,需加强对职业性三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎的重点监控,防治重点应以轻工业及中小型内资企业为主。
Objective To analyze the distribution features of occupational skin diseases in Guangdong province from 2006 to 2013 and to put forward its strategies of prevention and treatment. Methods Conventional data analysis methods were applied to analyze the data of new occupational skin diseases from National Information System for Disease Control and Prevention about Guangdong from 2006 to 2013. Results Two hundred and twenty-four cases were reported in Guangdong province from 2006 to 2013,accounting for 5. 92%( 224 /3 785) of the all new occupational disease cases in the period.There were 174 males( 77. 68%) and 50 females( 22. 32%). The median of onset age was 28. 5 years old with 92. 41%( 207 /224) of the cases younger than 45. 0. The median of exposure time was 0. 2 year with 66. 08%( 148 /224) of the cases less than 1. 0 year. The top three cases of the disease distribution were occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis due to trichloroethylene( OMDT)( 111 cases),occupational chemical skin burns( 42 cases) and occupational contact dermatitis( 32 cases),which together accounted for 82. 59%( 185 /224) of all cases. The median of exposure time of above mentioned three diseases can be sorted in increasing order as: OMDT,occupational chemical skin burns and occupational contact dermatitis with the median of exposure time was 30. 0 days,1. 4 years and 4. 0 years,respectively. The top three cases of the regional distribution were Shenzhen( 126 cases),Dongguan( 51 cases) and Guangzhou( 18 cases),which together accounted for 87. 05%( 195 /224) of all cases. The top three industry of the distribution were light industries( 103 cases),electronics( 61 cases) and machinery( 31 cases),which together accounted for 87. 05%( 195 /224)of all cases. The The 224 cases distributed in 200 enterprises sporadically,but their distribution was mainly in domestic enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. Conclusion The morbidity situation of occupational skin diseases in Guangdong province is not optimistic,key monitoring should be strengthened in OMDT. The preparation of guideline and policy for occupational disease prevention and treatment should be given priority to the light industries and small and medium sized domestic enterprises.
Objective To analyze the distribution features of occupational skin diseases in Guangdong province from 2006 to 2013 and to put forward its strategies of prevention and treatment. Methods Conventional data analysis methods were applied to analyze the data of new occupational skin diseases from National Information System for Disease Control and Prevention about Guangdong from 2006 to 2013. Results Two hundred and twenty-four cases were reported in Guangdong province from 2006 to 2013,accounting for 5. 92%( 224 /3 785) of the all new occupational disease cases in the period.There were 174 males( 77. 68%) and 50 females( 22. 32%). The median of onset age was 28. 5 years old with 92. 41%( 207 /224) of the cases younger than 45. 0. The median of exposure time was 0. 2 year with 66. 08%( 148 /224) of the cases less than 1. 0 year. The top three cases of the disease distribution were occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis due to trichloroethylene( OMDT)( 111 cases),occupational chemical skin burns( 42 cases) and occupational contact dermatitis( 32 cases),which together accounted for 82. 59%( 185 /224) of all cases. The median of exposure time of above mentioned three diseases can be sorted in increasing order as: OMDT,occupational chemical skin burns and occupational contact dermatitis with the median of exposure time was 30. 0 days,1. 4 years and 4. 0 years,respectively. The top three cases of the regional distribution were Shenzhen( 126 cases),Dongguan( 51 cases) and Guangzhou( 18 cases),which together accounted for 87. 05%( 195 /224) of all cases. The top three industry of the distribution were light industries( 103 cases),electronics( 61 cases) and machinery( 31 cases),which together accounted for 87. 05%( 195 /224)of all cases. The The 224 cases distributed in 200 enterprises sporadically,but their distribution was mainly in domestic enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. Conclusion The morbidity situation of occupational skin diseases in Guangdong province is not optimistic,key monitoring should be strengthened in OMDT. The preparation of guideline and policy for occupational disease prevention and treatment should be given priority to the light industries and small and medium sized domestic enterprises.
引文
[1]广东省人民政府办公厅.关于印发广东省职业病防治规划(2010—2015年)的通知[EB/OL].(2010-09-06)[2014-09-16].http://zwgk.gd.gov.cn/006939748/201009/t20100907_12187.html.
[2]刘移民.职业病防治理论与实践[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010:98-106.
[3]温贤忠,李旭东,黄永顺,等.2006—2010年广东省新发职业病病谱分析[J].中国职业医学,2014,41(2):157-162.
[4]黄永顺,邹剑明,李旭东,等.2001—2010年广东省新发职业病分类分布特征分析[J].中国职业医学,2014,41(3):301-305.
[5]刘兴娣,傅华.职业卫生服务与初级卫生保健整合服务模式[J].环境与职业医学,2013(4):311-315.
[6]胡世杰,金佳纯,江嘉欣,等.2006—2010年广东省职业中毒特点分析与防治探讨[J].华南预防医学,2012,38(3):22-24.
[7]王丛蕾,丘创逸,陈惠清,等.广东新生代劳务工职业卫生服务需求调查[J].中国职业医学,2011,38(5):441-443.
[8]夏丽华,丘创逸,张莹,等.三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎的研究概况[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2006,24(12):764-766.
[9]Wang H,Tao L.Current situations and challenges of occupational disease prevention and control in China[J].Ind Health,2012,50(2):73-79.
[10]Yu JF,Leng J,Shen T,et al.Possible role of complement activation in renal impairment in trichloroethy-lene-sensitized guinea pigs[J].Toxicology,2012,302(2/3):172-178.
[11]Neckers L,Ricketts CJ,Marston Linehan W.New insights into von Hippel-Lindau function highlighted by investigation of the trichloroethylene-induced p.P81S hotspot mutation[J].J Natl Cancer Inst,2013,105(18):1339-1340.
[12]华明,郑倩玲,曹丹燕,等.职业性三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎医院感染与耐药性调查分析[J].中国职业医学,2013,40(3):190-194,199.
[13]Huang P,Ren X,Huang Z,et al.Serum proteomic analysis reveals potential serum biomarkers for occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis caused by trichloroethylene[J].Toxicol Lett,2014,229(1):101-110.
[14]Rhee KY,Choe SW.Management system of occupational diseases in Korea:statistics,report and monitoring system[J].J Korean Med Sci,2010,25(Suppl):S119-126
[15]Sanmiquel L,Freijo M,Edo J,et al.Analysis of work related accidents in the Spanish mining sector from 1982-2006[J].J Safety Res,2010,41(1):1-7.
[2]刘移民.职业病防治理论与实践[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010:98-106.
[3]温贤忠,李旭东,黄永顺,等.2006—2010年广东省新发职业病病谱分析[J].中国职业医学,2014,41(2):157-162.
[4]黄永顺,邹剑明,李旭东,等.2001—2010年广东省新发职业病分类分布特征分析[J].中国职业医学,2014,41(3):301-305.
[5]刘兴娣,傅华.职业卫生服务与初级卫生保健整合服务模式[J].环境与职业医学,2013(4):311-315.
[6]胡世杰,金佳纯,江嘉欣,等.2006—2010年广东省职业中毒特点分析与防治探讨[J].华南预防医学,2012,38(3):22-24.
[7]王丛蕾,丘创逸,陈惠清,等.广东新生代劳务工职业卫生服务需求调查[J].中国职业医学,2011,38(5):441-443.
[8]夏丽华,丘创逸,张莹,等.三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎的研究概况[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2006,24(12):764-766.
[9]Wang H,Tao L.Current situations and challenges of occupational disease prevention and control in China[J].Ind Health,2012,50(2):73-79.
[10]Yu JF,Leng J,Shen T,et al.Possible role of complement activation in renal impairment in trichloroethy-lene-sensitized guinea pigs[J].Toxicology,2012,302(2/3):172-178.
[11]Neckers L,Ricketts CJ,Marston Linehan W.New insights into von Hippel-Lindau function highlighted by investigation of the trichloroethylene-induced p.P81S hotspot mutation[J].J Natl Cancer Inst,2013,105(18):1339-1340.
[12]华明,郑倩玲,曹丹燕,等.职业性三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎医院感染与耐药性调查分析[J].中国职业医学,2013,40(3):190-194,199.
[13]Huang P,Ren X,Huang Z,et al.Serum proteomic analysis reveals potential serum biomarkers for occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis caused by trichloroethylene[J].Toxicol Lett,2014,229(1):101-110.
[14]Rhee KY,Choe SW.Management system of occupational diseases in Korea:statistics,report and monitoring system[J].J Korean Med Sci,2010,25(Suppl):S119-126
[15]Sanmiquel L,Freijo M,Edo J,et al.Analysis of work related accidents in the Spanish mining sector from 1982-2006[J].J Safety Res,2010,41(1):1-7.
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