淮河流域春季浮游植物群落结构特征及其水质评价
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摘要
浮游植物是内陆水体生态系统的主要初级生产者,其群落结构能反映水体的水质状况.为了全面了解淮河流域内浮游植物群落结构及水质现状,于2013年5月在流域内设置217个样点采集浮游植物样品.共鉴定浮游植物244种(含变种和变型),隶属于8门104属,绿藻门和硅藻门的种类最丰富.浮游植物生物量为3.93 mg/L,在0.04~83.62 mg/L之间变动,生物量组成主要为甲藻门、硅藻门和隐藻门.浮游植物种类数和生物量在河流的中游较高,溪流以及下游入江入海河道较低.浮游植物优势种主要为隐藻门的啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)、尖尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas acuta),硅藻门的梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana),甲藻门的角甲藻(Ceratium hirundinella),其相对生物量均大于5%.淮河流域浮游植物多样性指数较低,流域内多数样点处于中-重污染状态.
Phytoplankton is a key primary producer in inland water ecosystem because its community structure can indicate the water quality. To understand the phytoplankton community structure and the water quality state in Huaihe River Basin,217 sites were set and the phytoplankton samples were collected in the basin in May 2013. The 244 taxa of phytoplankton( species and variety species) belonging to 104 genera 8 phyla were identified,of which the most abundant phyla is Chlorophyta,followed by Bacillariophyta. The average phytoplankton biomass was 3.93 mg/L,ranging from 0. 04 to 83. 62 mg/L,while Dinophyta,Bacillariophyta and Cryptophyta were major groups upon the biomass. The richness and biomass of phytoplankton was low in the small streams and the pathway to the sea,but high in the middle of the river. The main dominant species were Cryptomonas erosa,Chroomonas acuta,Cyclotella meneghiniana and Ceratium hirundinella,whose relative biomass were higher than 5%. The phytoplankton diversity index was low and most sites were in a medium-heavy pollution state.
Phytoplankton is a key primary producer in inland water ecosystem because its community structure can indicate the water quality. To understand the phytoplankton community structure and the water quality state in Huaihe River Basin,217 sites were set and the phytoplankton samples were collected in the basin in May 2013. The 244 taxa of phytoplankton( species and variety species) belonging to 104 genera 8 phyla were identified,of which the most abundant phyla is Chlorophyta,followed by Bacillariophyta. The average phytoplankton biomass was 3.93 mg/L,ranging from 0. 04 to 83. 62 mg/L,while Dinophyta,Bacillariophyta and Cryptophyta were major groups upon the biomass. The richness and biomass of phytoplankton was low in the small streams and the pathway to the sea,but high in the middle of the river. The main dominant species were Cryptomonas erosa,Chroomonas acuta,Cyclotella meneghiniana and Ceratium hirundinella,whose relative biomass were higher than 5%. The phytoplankton diversity index was low and most sites were in a medium-heavy pollution state.
引文
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[29]Liu Yan.Phytoplankton in Ergis River watershed and the adjacent inland River Basins[Dissertation].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2011.[刘艳.额尔齐斯河及邻近内陆河流域浮游植物生态学研究[学位论文].上海:上海海洋大学,2011.]
[30]Xu Chunyan,Yu Qiujia,Xu Fengjie.Niche analysis of phytoplankton's dominant species in Dianshan Lake of East China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(9):2550-2558.[徐春燕,俞秋佳,徐凤洁等.淀山湖浮游植物优势种生态位.应用生态学报,2012,23(9):2550-2558.]
[31]Wu Li,Li Yuanling,Chen Yansong.Characteristics of community structures of zooplankton in the mainstream of Huaihe River.J Lake Sci,2015,27(5):932-940.DOI:10.18307/2015.0521.[吴利,李源玲,陈延松.淮河干流浮游动物群落结构特征.湖泊科学,2015,27(5):932-940.]
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[34]Reynolds CS,Huszar V,Kru K C et al.Towards a functional classication of the freshwater phytoplankton.Journal of Plankton Research,2002,24(5):417-428.
[35]Padisák J,Crossetti LO,Naselli-Flores L.Use and misuse in the application of the phytoplankton functional classication:A critical review with updates.Hydrobiologia,2009,621(1):1-19.
[36]Ning Yuan,Qian Min,Wang Yutai eds.Hydraulic manuals of Huaihe River Basin,Beijing:Science Press,2003.[宁远,钱敏,王玉太.淮河流域水利手册.北京:科学出版社,2003.]
[37]Zhao Kun.Distribution pattern of rotifera and correlation to its environmental factors in the Huaihe River Basin[Dissertation].Shanghai:Shanghai Normal University,2014.[赵坤.淮河流域轮虫分布格局及其与环境因子相关性的研究[学位论文].上海:上海师范大学,2014.]
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[2]Borics G,G9rgényi J,Grigorszky I et al.The role of phytoplankton diversity metrics in shallow lake and river quality assessment.Ecological Indicators,2014,45:28-36.
[3]Chen Lijing,Wu Zhuchen,Hu Zhongjun et al.Phytoplankton community structure in Mingzhu Lake of Chongming Island,Shanghai.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(6):1599-1605.[陈立婧,吴竹臣,胡忠军等.上海崇明岛明珠湖浮游植物群落结构.应用生态学报,2011,22(6):1599-1605.]
[4]Wang Jie,Feng Jia,Xie Shulian et al.Phytoplankton diversity and off-flavor-producing Microcystis in the Taiyuan region of the Fenhe River.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(10):3357-3363.[王捷,冯佳,谢树莲等.汾河太原河段浮游植物多样性及微囊藻产异味物质研究.生态学报,2015,35(10):3357-3363.]
[5]Kofoid CA.The plankton of the Illinois River,1894-1899:With introductory notes upon the hydrography of the Illinois River and its basin.Gazette Press,1903.
[6]Reinhard EG.The plankton ecology of the upper Mississippi,Minneapolis to Winona.Ecological Monographs,1931,1(4):396-464.
[7]Krogmann DW,Butalla R,Sprinkle J.Blooms of cyanobacteria on the Potomac River.Plant Physiology,1986,80(3):667-671.
[8]Borics G,VárbíróG,Grigorszky I et al.A new evaluation technique of potamo-plankton for the assessment of the ecological status of rivers.Archiv für Hydrobiologie,2007,17(3/4):465-486.
[9]Reavie ED,Jicha TM,Angradi TR et al.Algal assemblages for large river monitoring comparison among biovolume,absolute and relative abundance metrics.Ecological Indicators,2010,10(2):167-177.
[10]Sabater S,Artigas J,Dur ANC et al.Longitudinal development of chlorophyll and phytoplankton assemblages in a regulated large river(the Ebro River).Science of the Total Environment,2008,404(1):196-206.
[11]Wu N,Schmalz B,Fohrer N.Distribution of phytoplankton in a German lowland river in relation to environmental factors.Journal of Plankton Research,2011,33(5):807-820.
[12]Hong Song,Chen Jingsheng.Structure characteristics of aquatic community from the main rivers in China.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2002,26(3):295-305.[洪松,陈静生.中国河流水生生物群落结构特征探讨.水生生物学报,2002,26(3):295-305.]
[13]Wu Bo,Chen Dehui,Wu Qiong et al.Study on the structure of phytoplankton community and water quality monitoring in Huangpu River.Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2007,25(5):467-472.[吴波,陈德辉,吴琼等.黄浦江浮游植物群落结构及其对水环境的指示作用.武汉植物学研究,2007,25(5):467-472.]
[14]Li Fangfang,Dong Fang,Duan Meng et al.Phytoplankton community structure and water quality of Daliaohe river system in summer.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(11):2489-2496.[李芳芳,董芳,段梦等.大辽河水系夏季浮游植物群落结构特征及水质评价.生态学杂志,2011,30(11):2489-2496.]
[15]Wang Shan,Yu Ming,Liu Quanru et al.Phytoplankton species composition and biodiversity in Dongjiang River.Resources Science,2013,35(3):473-480.[王珊,于明,刘全儒等.东江干流浮游植物的物种组成及多样性分析.资源科学,2013,35(3):473-480.]
[16]Jiang Yuan,Peng Qiuzhi,Liao Jianyu et al.Advances and prospects for research into phytoplankton and river habitats.Resources Science,2013,35(3):461-472.[江源,彭秋志,廖剑宇等.浮游藻类与河流生境关系研究进展与展望.资源科学,2013,35(3):461-472.]
[17]Yi Shaokui,Li Jie,Zeng Cong et al.Horizontal distribution pattern of phytoplankton species richness and composition in the Haihe river basin.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(5):1467-1474.[易少奎,黎洁,曾聪等.海河流域浮游植物物种组成与丰富度水平分布格局.环境科学学报,2013,33(5):1467-1474.]
[18]Li Yaoyao.Research of health evaluation and restoration mode on river ecosystem in Huaihe River Basin(Henan Section)[Dissertation].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University,2015.[李瑶瑶.淮河流域(河南段)河流生态系统健康评价及修复模式研究[学位论文].郑州:郑州大学,2015.]
[19]Gao Yuan,Su Yuxiang,Qi Shucai.Phytoplankton and evaluation of water quality in Yi River watershed.J Lake Sci,2008,20(4):544-548.DOI:10.18307/2008.0420.[高远,苏宇祥,亓树财.沂河流域浮游植物与水质评价.湖泊科学,2008,20(4):544-548.]
[20]Yuan Jiahui,Sun Changle.An evaluation of water pollution and studies of the Ying River by means of phytoplankton.Journal of Fuyang Teachers College(Natural Science),2004,21(3):46-49.[袁家辉,孙常乐.浮游植物评价颍河水质污染研究.阜阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2004,21(3):46-49.]
[21]Gu Wanlong,Wang Jijun,Zhu Yeyu et al.Annual distribution of precipitation over the Huaihe River Basin.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2010,19(4):426-431.[顾万龙,王纪军,朱业玉等.淮河流域降水量年内分配变化规律分析.长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(4):426-431.]
[22]Zhang Zongshe,Huang Xiangfei eds.The methods for freshwater plankton research.Beijing:Science Press,1991.[章宗涉,黄祥飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法.北京:科学出版社,1991.]
[23]Hu Hongjun,Wei Yinxin eds.The freshwater algae of China Systematics,taxonomy and ecology.Beijing:Science Press,2006.[胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类.北京:科学出版社,2006.]
[24]Hillebrand H.Biovolume calculations for pelagic and benthic microalgae.Journal of Phycology,1999,35:403-424.
[25]Kuang Qijun,Hu Zhengyu,Zhou Guangjie et al.Investigation on phytoplankton in Xiangxi River Watershed and the evaluation of its water quality.Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2004,22(6):507-513.[况琪军,胡征宇,周广杰等.香溪河流域浮游植物调查与水质评价.武汉植物学研究,2004,22(6):507-513.]
[26]Wang Yue,Xia Shuang,Pei Guofeng.Community structure of phytoplankton in the mainstream of the Yangtze River in Hubei.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2015,31(6):916-922.[王岳,夏爽,裴国凤.长江干流湖北段浮游藻类群落结构特征.生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(6):916-922.]
[27]Liu Zugen,Zhang Zhu,Zhang Meng et al.Classification of functional groups and community structure of phytoplankton in the Ganjiang River.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(3):375-384.[刘足根,张柱,张萌等.赣江流域浮游植物群落结构与功能类群划分.长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(3):375-384.]
[28]Yuan Yongfeng,Li Yindi,Zhang Linlin et al.Investigation&research on hydrobios resources in the middle and upper reaches of main Yellow River.Journal of Hydroecology,2009,2(6):15-19.[袁永锋,李引娣,张林林等.黄河干流中上游水生生物资源调查研究.水生态学杂志.2009,2(6):15-19.]
[29]Liu Yan.Phytoplankton in Ergis River watershed and the adjacent inland River Basins[Dissertation].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2011.[刘艳.额尔齐斯河及邻近内陆河流域浮游植物生态学研究[学位论文].上海:上海海洋大学,2011.]
[30]Xu Chunyan,Yu Qiujia,Xu Fengjie.Niche analysis of phytoplankton's dominant species in Dianshan Lake of East China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(9):2550-2558.[徐春燕,俞秋佳,徐凤洁等.淀山湖浮游植物优势种生态位.应用生态学报,2012,23(9):2550-2558.]
[31]Wu Li,Li Yuanling,Chen Yansong.Characteristics of community structures of zooplankton in the mainstream of Huaihe River.J Lake Sci,2015,27(5):932-940.DOI:10.18307/2015.0521.[吴利,李源玲,陈延松.淮河干流浮游动物群落结构特征.湖泊科学,2015,27(5):932-940.]
[32]Reynolds CS,Descy DP,Padisák J.Are phytoplankton dynamics in rivers so different from those in shallow lakes?Hydrobiologia,1994,289(1/2/3):1-7.
[33]Willén E.Planktonic green algae in an acidification gradient of nutrient-poor lakes.Archrive Protistaked,1992,141:47-64.
[34]Reynolds CS,Huszar V,Kru K C et al.Towards a functional classication of the freshwater phytoplankton.Journal of Plankton Research,2002,24(5):417-428.
[35]Padisák J,Crossetti LO,Naselli-Flores L.Use and misuse in the application of the phytoplankton functional classication:A critical review with updates.Hydrobiologia,2009,621(1):1-19.
[36]Ning Yuan,Qian Min,Wang Yutai eds.Hydraulic manuals of Huaihe River Basin,Beijing:Science Press,2003.[宁远,钱敏,王玉太.淮河流域水利手册.北京:科学出版社,2003.]
[37]Zhao Kun.Distribution pattern of rotifera and correlation to its environmental factors in the Huaihe River Basin[Dissertation].Shanghai:Shanghai Normal University,2014.[赵坤.淮河流域轮虫分布格局及其与环境因子相关性的研究[学位论文].上海:上海师范大学,2014.]
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