北康盆地第四纪块体搬运沉积地震反射特征及成因机制
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摘要
北康盆地陆坡区地震资料显示,自第四纪以来广泛发育深水块体搬运沉积,面积约占盆地面积50%以上。为了更加精细地了解该区块体搬运沉积的地震反射特征、分布期次、规模及其成因机制,共选取30条二维高分辨率地震剖面,采用精细解释的方法,对研究区内的块体搬运沉积体的外部形态和内部结构进行了识别和刻画;同时结合北康盆地地质背景和地震反射特征,讨论了自第四纪以来块体搬运沉积广泛发育的原因。结果表明,自第四纪以来,北康盆地共发育了6次大规模块体搬运沉积,识别出3种典型外部形态和6种内部结构单元;研究区第四纪块体搬运沉积体系的广泛发育主要由陆坡坡度、沉积速率、海平面变化及水合物分解和运移4个因素控制,其中海平面变化与水合物分解和运移起关键触发作用。
Through the analysis of seismic data of Beikang Basin,we found that since the Quaternary,deepwater MTD(mass transport deposits)has widely developed in the the slope area of the Beikang Basin,which covered the basin is more than 50%.In order to understand its seismic features,evolution period and scale and its triggering mechanism of MTD in Beikang Basin,this study selected 30 2-Dimensional high resolution seismic sections and used detailed analysis to identify and characterise its external morphology and internal structure.The study also combined the geological background in southern South China Sea and the analysis of seismic profile of MTD to discuss the causes of the extensive MTD since the Quaternary period.The results show that six large-scale of MTDs were found since the Quaternary in Beikang Basin and three typical external forms and six internal units were identified.The analysis suggests that the causes of the widely developed MTD in the study area are mainly composed of the depositional rate,the sea level change,the hydrate dissociation and migration and slope gradient.Among them,the sea level change and the hydrate dissociation and migration play a key role.
Through the analysis of seismic data of Beikang Basin,we found that since the Quaternary,deepwater MTD(mass transport deposits)has widely developed in the the slope area of the Beikang Basin,which covered the basin is more than 50%.In order to understand its seismic features,evolution period and scale and its triggering mechanism of MTD in Beikang Basin,this study selected 30 2-Dimensional high resolution seismic sections and used detailed analysis to identify and characterise its external morphology and internal structure.The study also combined the geological background in southern South China Sea and the analysis of seismic profile of MTD to discuss the causes of the extensive MTD since the Quaternary period.The results show that six large-scale of MTDs were found since the Quaternary in Beikang Basin and three typical external forms and six internal units were identified.The analysis suggests that the causes of the widely developed MTD in the study area are mainly composed of the depositional rate,the sea level change,the hydrate dissociation and migration and slope gradient.Among them,the sea level change and the hydrate dissociation and migration play a key role.
引文
[1]王大伟,吴时国,吕福亮,等.南海深水块体搬运沉积体系及其油气勘探意义[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,35(5):14-19.
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[3]Shanmugam G.50 years of the turbidite paradigm(1950s-1990s):Deep-water processes and facies models-a critical perspective[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17(2):285-342.
[4]袁圣强.南海北部陆坡区深水水道沉积体系研究[D].山东青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2009:46-65.
[5]王大伟,吴时国,秦志亮,等.南海陆坡大型块体搬运体系的结构与识别特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(5):65-72.
[6]Newton C S,Shipp R C,Mosher D C,et al.Importance of mass transport complexes in the Quaternary development of the Nile Fan,Egypt[C]∥Offshore Technology Conference.2004:16742.
[7]McGilvery T A,Haddad G,Cook D L.Seafloor and shallow subsurface examples of mass transport complexes,offshore Brunei[C]∥OTC Conference.2004:16780.
[8]赵玉龙,刘志飞,Colin Christophe,等.南海南部末次冰期浊流沉积的高分辨率沉积学和地球化学研究[J].科学通报,2011,56(31):2535-2543.
[9]王嘹亮,吴能友,周祖翼,等.南海西南部北康盆地新生代沉积演化史[J].中国地质,2002,29(1):96-102.
[10]熊莉娟,李三忠,索艳慧,等.南海南部新生代控盆断裂特征及盆地群成因[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(6):113-127.
[11]王嘹亮,梁金强,曾繁彩.北康盆地新生代沉积特征[J].南海地质研究,2000(1):58-72.
[12]李守军,初凤友,方银霞,等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域浅地层与单道地震剖面联合解释:水合物区沉积地层特征[J].热带海洋学报,2010,29(4):56-62.
[13]马宏霞,吕福亮,范国章,等.缅甸若开海域块体搬运沉积地震响应及典型地质特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,5(1):751-759.
[14]王秀娟,吴时国,董冬冬,等.琼东南盆地块体搬运体系对天然气水合物形成的控制作用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(1):109-118.
[15]孙国桐.深水重力流沉积研究进展[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(3):30-36.
[16]吴时国,秦志亮,王大伟,等,南海北部陆坡块体搬运沉积体系的地震响应与成因机制[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3184-3195.
[17]Moscardelli L,Wood L.New classification system for mass transport complexes in offshore Trinidad[C]∥Basin Research.2008.
[18]Bull S,Cartwright J,Huuse M.A review of kinematic indicators from mass-transport complexes using 3Dseismic data[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(1):1132-1151.
[19]Gauer P,Kvalstad T J,Forsberg C F,et al.The last phase of the Storegga Slide:Simulation of retrogressive slide dynamics and comparison with slide-scar morphology[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22(1):171-178.
[20]Frey Martinez J,Cartwright J,James D.Frontally confined versus frontally emergent submarine landslides:A 3D seismic characterization[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23(1):585-604.
[21]Masson D G,Hugget Q J,Brunsden D.The surface texture of the Saharan debris flow deposit and some speculation on submarine debris flow processes[J].Sedimentology,1993,40(1):583-598.
[22]马云.南海北部陆坡区海底滑坡特征及触发机制研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[23]Weimer P.Sequence stratigraphy facies geometrics,and depositional history of the Mississippi fan,Gulf of Mexico[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1990,74(4):425-453.
[24]吴嘉鹏,王英民,邱燕,等.南海北部神狐陆坡限制型滑塌体特征及成因机理[J].沉积学报,2012,30(4):639-645.
[25]解习农,任建业,王振峰,等.南海大陆边缘盆地构造演化差异性及其与南海扩张耦合关系[J].地学前缘,2015,21(1):77-87.
[26]黄维,汪品先.末次冰期以来南海深水区的沉积速率[J].中国科学:地球科学,1998,28(1):13-17.
[27]Milliman J D,Meade R H.World-wide delivery of river sediment to the ocean[J].Journal Geology,1983,91(1):1-21.
[28]黄维,汪品先.南海沉积物总量的统计:方法与结果[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(5):465-473.
[29]乔培军,邵磊.南海南部末次冰期以来的沉积物特点及其古环境意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(2):73-78.
[30]李伟,吴时国,王秀娟,等.琼东南盆地中央峡谷上新统块体搬运沉积体系地震特征及其分布[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013,33(2):9-15.
[31]Peltier W R.On eustatic sea level history:Last glacial maximum to Holocene[J].Quat.Sci.Rev.,2002,21(2):377-396.
[32]Richard A,Mortlock,Philip N.et al.A simple method for the rapid determination of biogenic opal in pelagic marine sediments[J].Deepsea Research,1989,36(9):1415-1426.
[33]何云龙,解习农,李俊良,等.琼东南盆地陆坡体系发育特征及其控制因素[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(2):118-122.
[34]陈骥,刘晖,姜在兴,等.天然气水合物含油气系统的形成条件、研究方法及实例分析[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(6):143-148.
[35]王健,邱文弦,赵俐红.天然气水合物发育的构造背景分析[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(2):100-106.
[36]Bouriak S,Vanmste M,Saoutkine A.Interred gas hydrate and clay diapers near the storegga slide on the southern edge of the Voring Plateau,off shore Noruay[J].Marine Geology,2000,163(1):125-148.
[37]陈建文,肖国林,刘守全,等.中国海域油气资源勘查战略研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(4):77-82.
[38]卢振权,强祖基,吴必豪.利用卫星热红外遥感探测南海天然气水合物[J].地质学报,2002,76(1):100-106.
[39]徐华宁,杨胜雄,郑晓东,等.南中国海神狐海域天然气水合物地震识别及分布特征[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1691-1698.
[40]王淑红,宋海斌,颜文,等.南海南部天然气水合物稳定带厚度及资源量估算[J].天然气工业,2005,25(8):24-27.
[41]张金华,苏明,魏伟,等.含气流体运移与天然气水合物成藏[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(2):176-185.
[2]Kvenvolden K A.Gas hydrate:geological perspective and global change[J].Rev.Geophys.,1993,31(2):173-187.
[3]Shanmugam G.50 years of the turbidite paradigm(1950s-1990s):Deep-water processes and facies models-a critical perspective[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17(2):285-342.
[4]袁圣强.南海北部陆坡区深水水道沉积体系研究[D].山东青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2009:46-65.
[5]王大伟,吴时国,秦志亮,等.南海陆坡大型块体搬运体系的结构与识别特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(5):65-72.
[6]Newton C S,Shipp R C,Mosher D C,et al.Importance of mass transport complexes in the Quaternary development of the Nile Fan,Egypt[C]∥Offshore Technology Conference.2004:16742.
[7]McGilvery T A,Haddad G,Cook D L.Seafloor and shallow subsurface examples of mass transport complexes,offshore Brunei[C]∥OTC Conference.2004:16780.
[8]赵玉龙,刘志飞,Colin Christophe,等.南海南部末次冰期浊流沉积的高分辨率沉积学和地球化学研究[J].科学通报,2011,56(31):2535-2543.
[9]王嘹亮,吴能友,周祖翼,等.南海西南部北康盆地新生代沉积演化史[J].中国地质,2002,29(1):96-102.
[10]熊莉娟,李三忠,索艳慧,等.南海南部新生代控盆断裂特征及盆地群成因[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(6):113-127.
[11]王嘹亮,梁金强,曾繁彩.北康盆地新生代沉积特征[J].南海地质研究,2000(1):58-72.
[12]李守军,初凤友,方银霞,等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域浅地层与单道地震剖面联合解释:水合物区沉积地层特征[J].热带海洋学报,2010,29(4):56-62.
[13]马宏霞,吕福亮,范国章,等.缅甸若开海域块体搬运沉积地震响应及典型地质特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,5(1):751-759.
[14]王秀娟,吴时国,董冬冬,等.琼东南盆地块体搬运体系对天然气水合物形成的控制作用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(1):109-118.
[15]孙国桐.深水重力流沉积研究进展[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(3):30-36.
[16]吴时国,秦志亮,王大伟,等,南海北部陆坡块体搬运沉积体系的地震响应与成因机制[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3184-3195.
[17]Moscardelli L,Wood L.New classification system for mass transport complexes in offshore Trinidad[C]∥Basin Research.2008.
[18]Bull S,Cartwright J,Huuse M.A review of kinematic indicators from mass-transport complexes using 3Dseismic data[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26(1):1132-1151.
[19]Gauer P,Kvalstad T J,Forsberg C F,et al.The last phase of the Storegga Slide:Simulation of retrogressive slide dynamics and comparison with slide-scar morphology[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22(1):171-178.
[20]Frey Martinez J,Cartwright J,James D.Frontally confined versus frontally emergent submarine landslides:A 3D seismic characterization[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23(1):585-604.
[21]Masson D G,Hugget Q J,Brunsden D.The surface texture of the Saharan debris flow deposit and some speculation on submarine debris flow processes[J].Sedimentology,1993,40(1):583-598.
[22]马云.南海北部陆坡区海底滑坡特征及触发机制研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[23]Weimer P.Sequence stratigraphy facies geometrics,and depositional history of the Mississippi fan,Gulf of Mexico[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1990,74(4):425-453.
[24]吴嘉鹏,王英民,邱燕,等.南海北部神狐陆坡限制型滑塌体特征及成因机理[J].沉积学报,2012,30(4):639-645.
[25]解习农,任建业,王振峰,等.南海大陆边缘盆地构造演化差异性及其与南海扩张耦合关系[J].地学前缘,2015,21(1):77-87.
[26]黄维,汪品先.末次冰期以来南海深水区的沉积速率[J].中国科学:地球科学,1998,28(1):13-17.
[27]Milliman J D,Meade R H.World-wide delivery of river sediment to the ocean[J].Journal Geology,1983,91(1):1-21.
[28]黄维,汪品先.南海沉积物总量的统计:方法与结果[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(5):465-473.
[29]乔培军,邵磊.南海南部末次冰期以来的沉积物特点及其古环境意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(2):73-78.
[30]李伟,吴时国,王秀娟,等.琼东南盆地中央峡谷上新统块体搬运沉积体系地震特征及其分布[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2013,33(2):9-15.
[31]Peltier W R.On eustatic sea level history:Last glacial maximum to Holocene[J].Quat.Sci.Rev.,2002,21(2):377-396.
[32]Richard A,Mortlock,Philip N.et al.A simple method for the rapid determination of biogenic opal in pelagic marine sediments[J].Deepsea Research,1989,36(9):1415-1426.
[33]何云龙,解习农,李俊良,等.琼东南盆地陆坡体系发育特征及其控制因素[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(2):118-122.
[34]陈骥,刘晖,姜在兴,等.天然气水合物含油气系统的形成条件、研究方法及实例分析[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(6):143-148.
[35]王健,邱文弦,赵俐红.天然气水合物发育的构造背景分析[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(2):100-106.
[36]Bouriak S,Vanmste M,Saoutkine A.Interred gas hydrate and clay diapers near the storegga slide on the southern edge of the Voring Plateau,off shore Noruay[J].Marine Geology,2000,163(1):125-148.
[37]陈建文,肖国林,刘守全,等.中国海域油气资源勘查战略研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(4):77-82.
[38]卢振权,强祖基,吴必豪.利用卫星热红外遥感探测南海天然气水合物[J].地质学报,2002,76(1):100-106.
[39]徐华宁,杨胜雄,郑晓东,等.南中国海神狐海域天然气水合物地震识别及分布特征[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1691-1698.
[40]王淑红,宋海斌,颜文,等.南海南部天然气水合物稳定带厚度及资源量估算[J].天然气工业,2005,25(8):24-27.
[41]张金华,苏明,魏伟,等.含气流体运移与天然气水合物成藏[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(2):176-185.
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