元素俘获能谱测井在神狐海域天然气水合物储层评价中的应用
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摘要
在中国南海北部神狐海域GMGS-3航次的W18井天然气水合物(以下简称水合物)钻探过程中,随钻测井显示上部水合物及其以上层段自然伽马值明显偏低,岩心测试结果却表明在低伽马层段中石英含量并无明显增加,常规测井方法由于难以准确求取地层岩石的碳酸盐矿物含量并确定岩性,因而无法对此作出解释。为此,在分析元素俘获能谱测井原理的基础上,利用W18井元素俘获能谱测井资料处理得到的矿物组成结果作为ElanPlus测井处理的输入,结合其他常规测井资料,精确获取了有关地层的矿物组成,进而确定了该井的岩性剖面;并在此基础上,采用了密度测井和基于元素俘获能谱测井处理得到的矿物组成等2种方法计算了W18井水合物层的孔隙度、水合物饱和度以及地层基质渗透率。研究结果表明:(1) W18井低伽马值层段是由于方解石含量增多造成的,而不是砂质成分造成的;(2)上述两种方法求取的水合物层孔隙度整体上趋势一致,但后者计算结果与岩心分析结果吻合得更好。结论认为,元素俘获能谱测井为全面评价水合物储层提供了一种新的手段和方法,提高了水合物储层测井解释的符合率。
In the hydrate drilling process of Well W18 during GBGS-3 sequence of voyages in the Shenhu sea area, the northern South China Sea, the logging while drilling(LWD) shows that the gamma values of upper hydrate reservoirs and the intervals above them are obviously low. According to the core testing results, however, the quartz content of low-gamma intervals doesn't increase significantly. And the carbonate content and lithologic features of formation rocks cannot be figured out by virtue of conventional logging methods, so no correct interpretation can be provided. In this paper, the principle of elementary capture spectroscopy(ECS)logging was analyzed. Then, the mineral component determined based on the ECS logging data of Well W18 was taken as the input of ElanPlus logging processing, and combined with other conventional logging data, the mineral component of related strata was identified accurately, and accordingly the lithologic section of Well W18 was determined. Finally, the hydrate porosity, hydrate saturation and matrix permeability in Well W18 were calculated by two methods, i.e., the density log and the ECS logging process which takes the mineral component content as the response parameter. And the following research results were obtained. First, the low-gamma intervals in Well W18 are generated by the increase of calcite content instead of sandy components. Second, the hydrate porosity acquired by these two methods is generally consistent, but the result by the latter method fits better with the core analysis results. In conclusion, the ECS logging provides a new technique and method for the comprehensive evaluation of hydrate reservoirs and improves the coincidence rates of the logging interpretation of hydrate reservoirs.
In the hydrate drilling process of Well W18 during GBGS-3 sequence of voyages in the Shenhu sea area, the northern South China Sea, the logging while drilling(LWD) shows that the gamma values of upper hydrate reservoirs and the intervals above them are obviously low. According to the core testing results, however, the quartz content of low-gamma intervals doesn't increase significantly. And the carbonate content and lithologic features of formation rocks cannot be figured out by virtue of conventional logging methods, so no correct interpretation can be provided. In this paper, the principle of elementary capture spectroscopy(ECS)logging was analyzed. Then, the mineral component determined based on the ECS logging data of Well W18 was taken as the input of ElanPlus logging processing, and combined with other conventional logging data, the mineral component of related strata was identified accurately, and accordingly the lithologic section of Well W18 was determined. Finally, the hydrate porosity, hydrate saturation and matrix permeability in Well W18 were calculated by two methods, i.e., the density log and the ECS logging process which takes the mineral component content as the response parameter. And the following research results were obtained. First, the low-gamma intervals in Well W18 are generated by the increase of calcite content instead of sandy components. Second, the hydrate porosity acquired by these two methods is generally consistent, but the result by the latter method fits better with the core analysis results. In conclusion, the ECS logging provides a new technique and method for the comprehensive evaluation of hydrate reservoirs and improves the coincidence rates of the logging interpretation of hydrate reservoirs.
引文
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[3]宁伏龙,刘力,李实,张可,蒋国盛,吴能友,等.天然气水合物储层测井评价及其影响因素[J].石油学报,2013,34(3):592-593.Ning Fulong,Liu Li,Li Shi,Zhang Ke,Jiang Guosheng,Wu Nengyou,et al.Well logging assessment of natural gas hydrate reservoir and relevant influential factors[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(3):592-593.
[4]Collett TS,Lewis R,Winters WJ,Lee MW,Rose KK&Boswell RM.Downhole well log and core montages from the Mount Elbert gas hydrate stratigraphic test well,Alaska North Slope[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2011,28(2):561-577.
[5]Harmon WL.Role of petrographic analysis in wireline log interpretations[C]//AAPG South Section,22-24 March 1987,Dallas,Texas,USA.
[6]Goldberg&David.Well logging for physical properties:a handbook for geophysicists,geologists,and engineers[M].Hoboken:Hohn Wiley&Sons,2013,82(22):249.
[7]刘绪纲,孙建孟,郭云峰.元素俘获谱测井在储层综合评价中的应用[J].测井技术,2005,29(3):237-239.Liu Xugang,Sun Jianmeng&Guo Yunfeng.Application of elemental capture spectroscopy to reservoir evaluation[J].Well Logging Technology,2005,29(3):237-239.
[8]Hertzog R,Colson L,Seeman O,Obrien M,Scott H,Mckeon D,et al.Geochemical logging with spectrometry tools[J].SPE Formation Evaluation,1989,4(2):153-162.
[9]Beaumont-Smith N,Webber GD,Shepherd PJ&Kalyanaraman RS.Case study:Combining pulsed neutron spectroscopy and LWD resistivity for analysis behind casing in small holes[J].SPEReservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2003,6(5):335-341.
[10]韩琳,张建民,邢艳娟,潘保芝,汪名友.元素俘获谱测井(ECS)结合QAPF法识别火成岩岩性[J].测井技术,2010,34(1):48-49.Han Lin,Zhang Jianmin,Xing Yanjuan,Pan Baozhi&Wang Mingyou.Identification of igneous rock lithology using ECS logging and QAPF[J].Well Logging Technology,2010,34(1):48-49.
[11]袁祖贵,楚泽涵.一种新的测井方法(ECS)在王庄稠油油藏中的应用[J].核电子学与探测技术,2003,23(5):417-422.Yuan Zugui&Chu Zehan.The application of elemental capture spectroscopy(ECS)logging in Wangzhuang heavy oil reservoirs[J].Nuclear Electronics&Detection Technology,2003,23(5):417-422.
[12]Collett TS&Lee MW.Downhole well log characterization of gas hydrates in nature--A review[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates,2011-7-17,Edinburgh,2011.
[13]Lee MW&Collett TS.Gas Hydrate saturations estimated from fractured reservoir at the NGHP-01-10,Krishna-Godavari Basin,India[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2009,114(B7):1-13.
[14]陆敬安,闫桂京.天然气水合物测井与评价技术进展[J].海洋地质动态,2007,23(6):31-36.Lu Jing'an&Yan Guijing.The logging technology progress of gas hydrate evaluation[J].Marine Geology Letters,2007,23(6):31-36.
[15]高兴军,于兴河,李胜利,段鸿彦.地球物理测井在天然气水合物勘探中的应用[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(2):305-311.Gao Xingjun,Yu Xinghe,Li Shengli&Duan Hongyan.Application of geophysical well logging technology in exploration of gas hydrate[J].Advance in Earth Science,2003,18(2):305-311.
[16]王祝文,李舟波,刘菁华.天然气水合物的测井识别和评价[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(2):97-102.Wang Zhuwen,Li Zhoubo&Liu Jinghua.Logging identification and evaluation methods for gas hydrate[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2003,23(2):97-102.
[17]雍世和.最优化测井解释[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1995.Yong Shihe.Optimized logging interpretation[M].Dongying:Petroleum University Press,1995.
[18]钱建设,李惠.斯伦贝谢最新测井仪概况[J].国外测井技术,2001,16(4):46.Qian Jianshe&Li Hui.Overview of Schlumberger's latest logging tool[J].World Well Logging Technology,2001,16(4):46.
[19]Anderson B,Hancock S,Wilson S,Enger C,Collett T&Boswell R.Formation pressure testing at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well,Alaska North Slope:Operational summary,history matching,and interpretations[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,2011,28(2):478-492.
[20]Moridis GJ&Sloan ED.Gas production potential of disperse low-saturation hydrate accumulations in oceanic sediments[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2007,48(6):1834-1849.
[21]Yamamoto K.Methane Hydrate offshore production test in the Eastern Nankai Through;A milestone on the path to real energy resource[C]//Proceeding of the 8th International Conference on Gas Hydrate,28 July-1 August 2014,Beijing,China.
[22]马龙,莫修文,陆敬安,沙志彬,梁金强.南海天然气水合物测井解释方法研究与应用实例[J].测井技术,2013,37(3):281-283.Ma Long,Mo Xiuwen,Lu Jing'an,Sha Zhibin&Liang Jinqiang.Log interpretation of natural gas hydrate and its case history in South China Sea[J].Well Logging Technology,2013,37(3):281-283.
[23]张保勇,周莉红,刘昌岭,张强,吴强,吴琼,等.不同粒度沉积物介质对气体水合物成核的影响[J].天然气工业,2018,38(5):149-154.Zhang Baoyong,Zhou Lihong,Liu Changling,Zhang Qiang,Wu Qiang,Wu Qiong,et al.Influence of sediment media with different particle sizes on the nucleation of gas hydrate[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(5):149-154.
[24]罗宁,唐雪萍,刘恒,罗晓密.元素俘获谱测井在储层评价中的应用[J].天然气工业,2009,29(6):43-44.Luo Ning,Tang Xueping,Liu Heng&Luo Xiaomi.Application of elementary-capture-spectroscopy(ECS)log to the reservoir evaluation[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(6):43-44.
[25]Zhou F,Tong LX,Liang WH,Ji XS&Ming LY.Multimineral optimization processing method based on elemental capture spectroscopy logging[J].Applied Geophysics,2014,11(1):41-49.
[26]谭锋奇,李洪奇,姚振华,董政.元素俘获谱测井在火山岩储层孔隙度计算中的应用[J].国外测井技术,2008(6):27-30.Tan Fengqi,Li Hongqi,Yao Zhenhua&Dong Zheng.Application of elemental capture spectrum(ECS)logging in porosity calculation of a volcanic reservoir[J].World Well Logging Technology,2008(6):27-30.
[27]Hyndman RD,Yuan T&Moran K.The concentration of deep sea gas hydrates from downhole electrical resistivity logs and laboratory data[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,1999,172(1/2):167-177.
[28]Collett TS.Detailed evaluation of gas hydrate reservoir properties using JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well downhole well-log displays[J].Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada,1999(544):295-311.
[29]Chen MA,Riedel M,Spence GD&Hyndman RD.Data report:Adownhole electrical resistivity study of northern Cascadia marine gas hydrate[M]//Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program,2008.
[30]Lu SM&Mcmechan GA.Estimation of gas hydrates and free gas saturation,concentration,and distribution from seismic data[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):582-593.
[31]Shankar U&Riedel M.Assessment of gas hydrate saturation in marine sediments from resistivity and compressional-wave velocity log measurements in the Mahanadi Basin,India[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2014,58(Part A):265-277.
[32]Lee MW&Collett TS.In-situ gas hydrate hydrate saturation estimated from various well logs at the Mount Elbert gas hydrate stratigraphic test well,Alaska North Slope[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2011,28(2):439-449.
[33]Lee MW,Hutchinson DR,Dillon WP,Miller JJ,Agena WF&Swift BA.Method of estimating the amount of in situ gas hydrates in deep marine sediments[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1993,10(5):493-506.
[34]Lee MW,Hutchinson DR,Collett TS&Dillon WP.Seismic velocities for gas hydrate-bearing sediments using weighted equation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1996,101(B9):347-358.
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