板裂结构岩石力学试验及破裂断口细观形貌特征分析
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摘要
在板裂结构岩体区域选取有代表性的已经发生板裂化的岩石块体(即板裂原岩),通过分别对平行板裂方向和垂直板裂方向的抗压强度试验,获得相关强度参数的各向异性属性;同时,采用扫描电镜对破裂断口的形态特征进行分析。力求寻找到岩体板裂化和岩石力学特性及自身组成结构之间是否有内在的必然联系,为岩体板裂化提供理论依据。研究结果表明:板裂原岩本身确有各向异性特征,而且和板裂方向具有密切关系;在受力大小相同的情况下,和板裂方向一致时的受力比与板裂方向垂直时更加容易引起潜在板裂岩石发生变形破坏,形成板裂;垂直板裂方向压力作用下形成的破裂面多表现为穿晶断裂和沿晶断裂组合特征,且穿晶断裂占主要部分;平行板裂方向受力形成的破裂面其平整程度相对较好,沿晶断裂的范围比例明显大于穿晶断裂;板裂原岩中的缺陷和损伤近于平行原板裂方向,而这些缺陷和损伤既是板裂破坏的基础,又可以伴随板裂的发生而进一步发展。
In the region of slab-rent structure rock mass,the representative rock blocks(i.e.,slab rupture protolith),in which the slab rupture has occurred,were selected. To obtain the anisotropic properties for related strength parameters,the uniaxial compression tests with the loading direction vertical and parallel to slab rupture direction are performed. At the same time,the analysis of mesoscopic morphology of rupture surface is conducted using scanning electron microscope(SEM). In order to provide the theoretical basis for the rock mass slab rupture,we try to explore the potential inherent connection among the rock mass slab rupture,rock mechanical properties and its composition. The study shows that:the protolith with slab rupture has anisotropic characteristics and close relation with the direction of slab rupture;under the same magnitude of load,the load parallel to the direction of slab rupture is more likely to cause deformation and failure of potential slab-rent rock mass than the load vertical to the slab rupture direction;when the load is vertical to the direction of slab rupture,the rupture surface often shows both transgranular and intergranular fratures but the latter one dominates;when the load is parallel to the direction of slab rupture,the rupture surface is relative smooth and the area with intergranular fracture is larger than the area with transgranular fracture;the defects and damage in the slab rupture protolith are nearly parallel to the direction of slab rupture,and they are not only the foundation of slab rupture,but also be further developed due to the occurrence of slab rupture.
In the region of slab-rent structure rock mass,the representative rock blocks(i.e.,slab rupture protolith),in which the slab rupture has occurred,were selected. To obtain the anisotropic properties for related strength parameters,the uniaxial compression tests with the loading direction vertical and parallel to slab rupture direction are performed. At the same time,the analysis of mesoscopic morphology of rupture surface is conducted using scanning electron microscope(SEM). In order to provide the theoretical basis for the rock mass slab rupture,we try to explore the potential inherent connection among the rock mass slab rupture,rock mechanical properties and its composition. The study shows that:the protolith with slab rupture has anisotropic characteristics and close relation with the direction of slab rupture;under the same magnitude of load,the load parallel to the direction of slab rupture is more likely to cause deformation and failure of potential slab-rent rock mass than the load vertical to the slab rupture direction;when the load is vertical to the direction of slab rupture,the rupture surface often shows both transgranular and intergranular fratures but the latter one dominates;when the load is parallel to the direction of slab rupture,the rupture surface is relative smooth and the area with intergranular fracture is larger than the area with transgranular fracture;the defects and damage in the slab rupture protolith are nearly parallel to the direction of slab rupture,and they are not only the foundation of slab rupture,but also be further developed due to the occurrence of slab rupture.
引文
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[16]李浩,任林娥.岩石软化的细观损伤模型[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2001,34(2):6–9.(LI Hao,REN Line.Softening micromechanical damage model of rock[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2001,34(2):6–9.(in Chinese))
[17]任建喜.三轴压缩岩石损伤扩展细观机制及其本构模型[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(6):578–583.(REN Jianxi.Rock meso-damage propagation law in the triaxial compression loading and its constitutive model[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(6):578–583.(in Chinese))
[18]尹光志,鲜学福,许江,等.岩石细观断裂过程的分叉与混沌特征[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2000,23(2):56–59.(YIN Guangzhi,XIAN Xuefu,XU Jiang,et al.Research on bifurcation and chaos characteristics of meso-scopic fracture process of rock[J].Journal of Chongqing University:Natural Science,2000,23(2):56–59.(in Chinese))
[19]张汝藩,杨主恩,陶克捷,等.扫描电镜与微观地质研究[M].北京:学苑出版社,1999:11–14.(ZHANG Rufan,YANG Zhuen,TAO Kejie,et al.Microgeology research in scanning electron microscopy[M].Beijing:Academy Press,1999:11–14.(in Chinese))
[2]孙广忠,孙毅.岩体力学原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:67–81.(SUN Guangzhong,SUN Yi.Principle of rock mass[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011:67–81.(in Chinese))
[3]谢和平,陈至达.岩石断裂的微观机制分析[J].煤炭学报,1989,(2):57–67.(XIE Heping,CHEN Zhida.Analysis of rock fracture micro-mechanism[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1989,(2):57–67.(in Chinese))
[4]刘小明,李焯芬.岩石断口微观断裂机制分析与实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(6):509–513.(LIU Xiaoming,LEE C F.Microfailure mechanism analysis and test study for rock failure surface[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(6):509–513.(in Chinese))
[5]尚嘉兰,孔常静,李廷芥,等.岩石细观损伤破坏的观测研究[J].实验力学,1999,14(3):373–383.(SHANG Jialan,KONG Changjing,LI Tingjie,et al.Observation and study on meso-damage and fracture of rock[J].Journal of Experiment Mechanics,1999,14(3):373–383.(in Chinese))
[6]朱珍德,渠文平,蒋志坚.岩石细观结构量化试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1 313–1 324.(ZHU Zhende,QU Wenping,JIANG Zhijian.Quantitative test study on mesostructure of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1 313–1 324.(in Chinese))
[7]温世亿,李静,苏霞,等.复杂应力条件下围岩破坏的细观特征研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(8):2 399–2 406.(WEN Shiyi,LI Jing,SU Xia,et al.Studies of mesomechanical structure characters of surrounding rock failure under complex stress state[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(8):2 399–2 406.(in Chinese))
[8]郑达,巨能攀.千枚岩岩石微观破裂机制与断裂特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(3):317–322.(ZHENG Da,JU Nengpan.Scanning electronic microscope tests for rock micro-rupture mechanism and fracture characteristic of phyllite[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(3):317–322.(in Chinese))
[9]IPOHORSKI M,LUPPO M I,CASTILLO G R,et al.Failure analysis of a steam valve stem[J].Materials Characterization,2003,(5):23–30.
[10]于庆磊,杨天鸿,郑超,等.岩石细观结构对其变形强度影响的数值分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(11):3 468–3 472.(YU Qinglei,YANG Tianhong,ZHENG Chao,et al.Numerical analysis of influence of rock mesostructure on its deformation and strength[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(11):3 468–3 472.(in Chinese))
[11]申林方,冯夏庭,潘鹏志,等.应力作用下岩石的化学动力学溶解机制研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(5):1 320–1 326.(SHEN Linfang,FENG Xiating,PAN Pengzhi,et al.Chemical kinetics dissolution mechanism of rock under stress[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(5):1 320–1 326.(in Chinese))
[12]徐金明,谢芝蕾,贾海涛.石灰岩细观力学特性的颗粒流模拟[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增2):390–395.(XU Jinming,XIE Zhilei,JIA Haitao.Simulation of mesomechanical properties of limestone using particle flow code[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(Supp.2):390–395.(in Chinese))
[13]李树春,许江,杨春和,等.循环荷载下岩石损伤的CT细观试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1 604–1 609.(LI Shuchun,XU Jiang,YANG Chunhe,et al.Study of CT meso-experiment of rock damage under cyclic load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1 604–1 609.(in Chinese))
[14]梁正召,唐春安,张永彬,等.岩石直接拉伸破坏过程及其分形特征的三维数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1 402–1 410.(LIANG Zhengzhao,TANG Chun?an,ZHANG Yongbin,et al.Three-dimensional numerical study of direct tensile fracture of rock and associated fractal[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(7):1 402–1 410.(in Chinese))
[15]谢卫红,高峰,谢和平.细观尺度下岩石热变形破坏的实验研究[J].实验力学,2005,20(4):628–634.(XIE Weihong,GAO Feng,XIE Heping.An experimental study on rock thermal damage fracture under meso-size[J].Journal of Experiment Mechanics,2005,20(4):628–634.(in Chinese))
[16]李浩,任林娥.岩石软化的细观损伤模型[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2001,34(2):6–9.(LI Hao,REN Line.Softening micromechanical damage model of rock[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2001,34(2):6–9.(in Chinese))
[17]任建喜.三轴压缩岩石损伤扩展细观机制及其本构模型[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(6):578–583.(REN Jianxi.Rock meso-damage propagation law in the triaxial compression loading and its constitutive model[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(6):578–583.(in Chinese))
[18]尹光志,鲜学福,许江,等.岩石细观断裂过程的分叉与混沌特征[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2000,23(2):56–59.(YIN Guangzhi,XIAN Xuefu,XU Jiang,et al.Research on bifurcation and chaos characteristics of meso-scopic fracture process of rock[J].Journal of Chongqing University:Natural Science,2000,23(2):56–59.(in Chinese))
[19]张汝藩,杨主恩,陶克捷,等.扫描电镜与微观地质研究[M].北京:学苑出版社,1999:11–14.(ZHANG Rufan,YANG Zhuen,TAO Kejie,et al.Microgeology research in scanning electron microscopy[M].Beijing:Academy Press,1999:11–14.(in Chinese))
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