百蕊草物候期及越冬休眠生理研究
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摘要
为探索百蕊草人工栽培模式,以茅山地区百蕊草为实验材料,对百蕊草物候期及其越冬休眠过程碳水化合物变化规律进行研究。采用定点标记法观察百蕊草物候期,硫酸蒽酮法测定可溶性糖和淀粉含量,DNS法测定淀粉酶活力,PAS-鉄钒苏木精双重染色组织定位淀粉粒。在连续3年的观察中未发现可存活2年以上百蕊草植株,可推断百蕊草在长江流域属于二年生植物;第1年为实生苗,生长周期较长。出苗较早的实生苗在夏季倒苗死亡,而出苗较晚的可顺利越夏并在秋冬季分化出根颈芽,冬季休眠。第2年为宿根苗,由根颈芽发育成簇生状,生长周期较短;根具储藏根的结构与功能特征,休眠期储藏淀粉等碳水化合物,储藏物为翌年快速生长发育的能量基础。根内淀粉和可溶性糖在不同时期相互转化,使百蕊草在休眠过程中既有充足的碳水化合物来维持生长也有丰富的小分子溶质来提高其抗逆能力,提高其生长能力及顺利越冬。
In order to explore reasonable artificial cultivation pattern of Thesium chinense,the biological characteristics and nutrients change in the process of winter dormancy of T. chinense was studied. The phenological period of T. chinense was observed by using fixed-point notation and the starch grains changes were determined dynamically by PAS-vanadium iron hematoxylin staining method.Soluble sugar and starch content were measured by anthrone-sulfuric acid method and amylase activity was determined by DNS method.The results showed that the normal life cycle of T. chinense was two years. T. chinense was growing by seed in the first year,but growing by the root neck bud in the second year. During the process of dormancy,starch and soluble sugar could mutual transformation in different periods. T. chinense had sufficient carbohydrate to maintain growth and also a lot of small molecules to improve their ability to fight against adversity.
In order to explore reasonable artificial cultivation pattern of Thesium chinense,the biological characteristics and nutrients change in the process of winter dormancy of T. chinense was studied. The phenological period of T. chinense was observed by using fixed-point notation and the starch grains changes were determined dynamically by PAS-vanadium iron hematoxylin staining method.Soluble sugar and starch content were measured by anthrone-sulfuric acid method and amylase activity was determined by DNS method.The results showed that the normal life cycle of T. chinense was two years. T. chinense was growing by seed in the first year,but growing by the root neck bud in the second year. During the process of dormancy,starch and soluble sugar could mutual transformation in different periods. T. chinense had sufficient carbohydrate to maintain growth and also a lot of small molecules to improve their ability to fight against adversity.
引文
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[34]李迈和,Norbert Krauchi.全球高山林线研究现状与发展方向[J].四川林业科技,2005,26(4):36.
[2]王峥,刘近明,李绍顺.百蕊草的研究进展[J].中国药师,2006,9(11):1059.
[3]罗夫来,郭巧生.百蕊草药材内在品质研究[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(15):2042.
[4]刘永松.百蕊草抗菌有效成分的提取及其作用机制研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2006.
[5]韩玲玲,徐国兵.百蕊草质量标准的研究[J].中医药学报,2010,38(5):90.
[6]杨军,王静,高美华,等.百蕊片药理作用的实验研究[J].中国中药杂志,1999,24(6):47.
[7]罗夫来,郭巧生.百蕊草矿质元素含量测定和主成分分析[J].中国中药杂志,2010,35(10):1226.
[8]罗夫来,郭巧生,王长林,等.寄主对半寄生植物百蕊草影响的综合评价研究[J].中国中药杂志,2012,37(9):1174.
[9]Kenji Sue Tsugu,Atsushi Kawakita,Makoto Kato.Host range and selectivity of the hemiparasitic plant Thesium chinense(Santalaceae)[J].Ann Bot,2008,102:49.
[10]Luo F L,Guo Q S.Influences of host species on transpiration,photosynthesis,chlorophyll and mineral contents of medicinal hemiparasite Thesium chinense Turcz[J].Acta Physiol Plant,2010,32:1093.
[11]Guo Q S,Luo F L.Comparative studies on the growth,amino acids and minerals of Thesium chinense(Santalaceae)in association with different hosts[J].Nord J Bot,2010,28:632.
[12]王新超,马春雷,杨亚军.多年生植物的芽休眠及调控机理研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(4):589.
[13]毕磊.七月酥梨休眠期内含物变化及生理代谢研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2009.
[14]张永平,乔永旭,喻景权,等.园艺植物果实糖积累的研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(4):1151.
[15]李秀珍,陈苏丹,李天忠.休眠期欧李碳水化合物代谢与休眠关系的分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(4):75.
[16]罗夫来,郭巧生,王长林,等.百蕊草生物学特性研究[J].中国中药杂志,2012,37(2):176.
[17]任宪威.树木学(北方版)[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1997:24.
[18]竺可桢,宛敏渭.物候学[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,1979:28.
[19]米海莉,许兴,李树华,等.水分胁迫对牛心朴子、甘草叶片色素、可溶性糖、淀粉含量及碳氮比的影响[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(10):1816.
[20]胡琼英,狄洌,聂理,等.生物化学实验[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:24.
[21]付银锋.PAS染色方法及应用[J].河南科技大学学报:医学版,2008,26(2):100.
[22]刘建文.葱属4种植物物候期观测及不同生育期营养成分的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[23]罗夫来,郭巧生.百蕊草种子休眠的破除与生理变化研究[J].中国中药杂志,2012,37(6):760.
[24]罗夫来,郭巧生,王长林,等.百蕊草半寄生机制研究[J].中国中药杂志,2012,37(1):17.
[25]陈鹏飞,张锡亭.南荻根状茎中可溶性糖、淀粉含量的季节变化[J].湘潭师范学院学报:自然科学版,1994,15(3):48.
[26]强胜.植物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:157.
[27]覃光球,严重玲,韦莉莉.秋茄幼苗叶片单宁、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量对Cd胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2006,26(10):3366.
[28]Blasing O E,Gibon Y,Günther M,et al.Sugars and circadian regulation make major contributions to the global regulation of diurnal gene expression in Arabidopsis[J].The Plant Cell,2005,17:3257.
[29]赵长山,史娜,何付丽,等.苣荬菜芽根休眠过程中碳水化合物变化的研究[J].杂草科学,2008(3):10.
[30]王慧.自然休眠期油桃花芽碳水化合物变化规律及相关基因的表达分析[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2011.
[31]马永强,韩春然,方蕾.玉米萌发过程中淀粉酶性质的研究[J].食品科学,2007,28(11):294.
[32]袁亮,潘光堂,张志明,等.植物中淀粉的代谢及其调控研究进展[J].分子植物育种,2006,4(6):65.
[33]段丽斌,崔国民,赵昶灵,等.烤烟烘烤中烟叶淀粉降解的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(18):180.
[34]李迈和,Norbert Krauchi.全球高山林线研究现状与发展方向[J].四川林业科技,2005,26(4):36.