温度和溶解氧对仿刺参存活、代谢及运动能力的影响
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摘要
为探究温度和溶解氧(DO)对仿刺参存活、代谢及运动能力的影响,采用实验生态学方法,测定了水温为15°C、DO浓度为(1.0±0.1)mg/L低氧胁迫条件下大规格仿刺参[(39.35±0.40)g]单位时间内的移动距离和体表面积的变化;测算了水温15°C(适宜温度)、20°C和25°C条件下,2种规格[大(32.70±4.46)g、小(10.31±2.03)g]仿刺参在(1.0±0.1)mg/L低氧胁迫下的半致死时间(LT50),比较分析了3个温度水平(15、20及25°C)和3个DO水平[(1.0±0.1)、(3.0±0.1)及6.5 mg/L(正常DO含量)]交互作用下2种规格仿刺参的呼吸代谢强度。结果显示,水温15°C、(1.0±0.1)mg/L低氧胁迫下,随胁迫时间的增加,仿刺参运动速度总体呈现降低趋势,至胁迫72 h全部死亡;体表面积呈先增大后减小的趋势,整个胁迫期间,身体均处于伸长状态,至死亡仍显著高于对照组。(1.0±0.1)mg/L低氧胁迫时,水温15°C条件下大规格仿刺参半致死时间(LT50)为54.0 h,小规格为44.7 h;水温20°C条件下大规格仿刺参LT50为48.9 h,小规格为39.3 h;水温25°C条件下大规格仿刺参LT50为33.4 h,小规格为28.9 h。15°C组大小2种规格仿刺参的半致死时间均高于对应的20°C和25°C组,且大规格个体的低氧耐受能力高于小规格个体。相对于20°C和25°C组,在3个DO水平下,15°C组2种规格仿刺参的呼吸代谢均最为活跃,但与15°C常氧组相比,(1.0±0.1)mg/L低氧胁迫时仿刺参的呼吸代谢强度均受到明显抑制。研究表明,低氧胁迫下,仿刺参可能会通过拉长身体增加体表面积来增加氧气摄入量,并以减少运动、降低代谢强度等策略来应对低氧环境,延长存活时间。
Experimental ecological method was used to examine the changes in the distance moved per unit time and in the body surface area of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus [with a body weight of(39.35±0.40)g]after they were shifted to an environment with a temperature of 15 °C and a DO concentration of 1 mg/L. The median lethal time(LT50) of A. japonicus cucumber of two sizes [large-size: with a body weight of(32.70±4.46) g;small-size: with a body weight of(10.31±2.03) g] under hypoxia(1 mg/L) and three different temperatures(15 °C,20 °C and 25 °C with 15 °C as the optimum temperature) was also investigated. The diurnal metabolism in the A.japonicus of two sizes at different temperature(15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C) and different DO levels [1, 3 and 6.5 mg/L(normoxia)] were also investigated to evaluate the effect of temperature and dissolved oxygen on the survival,metabolism and athletic ability of A. japonicus. The results showed that first, when they were placed at a temperature of 15 °C and a DO concentration of 1 mg/L, the movement speed of A. japonicus was decreased gradually and finally all died at 72 h. The body surface area of A. japonicus increased first and then declined, and during the whole hypoxia period, the body of sea cucumber was elongated, higher than those in the control group. At the DO concentration of 1 mg/L, the LT50 for the large and small-size A. japonicus was 54.0 h and 44.7 h, respectively,at the temperature of 15 °C, higher than those at the temperature of 20 °C(48.9 h and 39.3 h, respectively)and those at the temperature of 25 °C,(33.4 h and 28.9 h, respectively). The tolerance to low oxygen in the largesize A. japonicus was higher than the small-size one. Compared with those at the temperature of 20 °C and 25 °C,the two sizes of A. japonicus at the temperature of 15 °C were the most active at three DO levels. But compared with those at 15 °C and normoxia, the metabolic intensity of A. japonicus was also restrained at the DO concentration of 1 mg/L. Our analysis has shown that under hypoxia stress, A. japonicus might employ some strategy such as elongating body to increase the body surface area to increase O_2 intake, decreasing movement speed and reducing metabolic intensity to cope with hypoxia and hence the survival time was prolonged.
Experimental ecological method was used to examine the changes in the distance moved per unit time and in the body surface area of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus [with a body weight of(39.35±0.40)g]after they were shifted to an environment with a temperature of 15 °C and a DO concentration of 1 mg/L. The median lethal time(LT50) of A. japonicus cucumber of two sizes [large-size: with a body weight of(32.70±4.46) g;small-size: with a body weight of(10.31±2.03) g] under hypoxia(1 mg/L) and three different temperatures(15 °C,20 °C and 25 °C with 15 °C as the optimum temperature) was also investigated. The diurnal metabolism in the A.japonicus of two sizes at different temperature(15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C) and different DO levels [1, 3 and 6.5 mg/L(normoxia)] were also investigated to evaluate the effect of temperature and dissolved oxygen on the survival,metabolism and athletic ability of A. japonicus. The results showed that first, when they were placed at a temperature of 15 °C and a DO concentration of 1 mg/L, the movement speed of A. japonicus was decreased gradually and finally all died at 72 h. The body surface area of A. japonicus increased first and then declined, and during the whole hypoxia period, the body of sea cucumber was elongated, higher than those in the control group. At the DO concentration of 1 mg/L, the LT50 for the large and small-size A. japonicus was 54.0 h and 44.7 h, respectively,at the temperature of 15 °C, higher than those at the temperature of 20 °C(48.9 h and 39.3 h, respectively)and those at the temperature of 25 °C,(33.4 h and 28.9 h, respectively). The tolerance to low oxygen in the largesize A. japonicus was higher than the small-size one. Compared with those at the temperature of 20 °C and 25 °C,the two sizes of A. japonicus at the temperature of 15 °C were the most active at three DO levels. But compared with those at 15 °C and normoxia, the metabolic intensity of A. japonicus was also restrained at the DO concentration of 1 mg/L. Our analysis has shown that under hypoxia stress, A. japonicus might employ some strategy such as elongating body to increase the body surface area to increase O_2 intake, decreasing movement speed and reducing metabolic intensity to cope with hypoxia and hence the survival time was prolonged.
引文
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[9]Wu R S S,Lam P K S,Wan K L.Tolerance to,and avoidance of,hypoxia by the penaeid shrimp(Metapenaeus ensis)[J].Environmental Pollution,2002,118(3):351-355.
[10]Bell G W,Eggleston D B,Wolcott T G.Behavioral responses of free-ranging blue crabs to episodic hypoxia.I.Movement[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2003,259:215-225.
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