基于振声数值模拟的柴油机响度分析与优化
|
摘要
传统的柴油机噪声评价基于样机试验结果,以A声级和辐射声功率为主要指标,未考虑人耳的听音特点.为解决以上问题,在柴油机的建模仿真阶段,利用响度模型进行噪声评价与优化,增加了声学预测的有效性,提高了柴油机振声设计的水平.通过有限元法和自动匹配层(AML)法,得到了某16 V型船用柴油机的外声场声压分布和各部件的声功率贡献量.利用Moore模型分析了主要声场点的响度特性,完成了对油底壳的结构改进.改进后柴油机在分析频域内的特征响度和声功率均明显降低,验证了响度评价和优化方法的可行性.
The traditional noise evaluation of diesel engine focuses on the A-weighted sound pressure level and radiated sound power of the experimental data of the prototype,without considering the auditory characteristics of the human ear. To solve the above problem,the method of using loudness models to evaluate and optimize noise in the modeling and simulation stage was proposed,which increases the effectiveness of acoustic prediction and improves the level of vibro-acoustic design. By applying the finite element and automatically matched layer(AML)method on a16 V type marine diesel engine,the sound pressure distribution of the external sound field and the sound power contribution of each part were obtained. The oil sump structure improvement was completed through the loudness feature analysis of sound field points by using the Moore model. The specific loudness and sound power level of the diesel engine declined obviously in the analytical frequency domain,which validates the feasibility of the loudness valuation and optimization process.
The traditional noise evaluation of diesel engine focuses on the A-weighted sound pressure level and radiated sound power of the experimental data of the prototype,without considering the auditory characteristics of the human ear. To solve the above problem,the method of using loudness models to evaluate and optimize noise in the modeling and simulation stage was proposed,which increases the effectiveness of acoustic prediction and improves the level of vibro-acoustic design. By applying the finite element and automatically matched layer(AML)method on a16 V type marine diesel engine,the sound pressure distribution of the external sound field and the sound power contribution of each part were obtained. The oil sump structure improvement was completed through the loudness feature analysis of sound field points by using the Moore model. The specific loudness and sound power level of the diesel engine declined obviously in the analytical frequency domain,which validates the feasibility of the loudness valuation and optimization process.
引文
[1]孟祥德,张俊红,李立顺,等.基于回归分析的车用柴油机声品质预测技术[J].内燃机学报,2011,29(6):534-537.
[2]Ishibashi M,Preis A,Satoh F,et al.Relationships between arithmetic averages of sound pressure level calculated in octave bands and Zwicker’s loudness level[J].Applied Acoustics,2006,67(7):720-730.
[3]郭伟,左曙光,李徐钢.一种模拟人耳实现噪声分类的方法[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(11):152-155.
[4]王甫江,刘岩,张晓娟.柴油机声品质客观参量测试及分析[J].噪声与振动控制,2014,34(4):192-196.
[5]Yoon K,Gwak D Y,Chun C,et al.Analysis of frequency dependence on short-term annoyance of conventional railway noise using sound quality metrics in a laboratory context[J].Applied Acoustics,2018,138:121-132.
[6]Luo L,Zheng X,Hao Z,et al.Sound quality evaluation of high-speed train interior noise by adaptive Moore loudness algorithm[J].Journal of Zhejiang UniversityScience A,2017,18(9):690-703.
[7]Kook J,Koo K,Hyun J,et al.Acoustical topology optimization for Zwicker’s loudness model-application to noise barriers[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics&Engineering,2012,237-240:130-151.
[8]Mao J,Hao Z,Jing G,et al.Sound quality improvement for a four-cylinder diesel engine by the block structure optimization[J].Applied Acoustics,2013,74(1):150-159.
[9]Mao J,Hao Z,Zheng K,et al.Experimental validation of sound quality simulation and optimization of a four-cylinder diesel engine[J].Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A,2013,14(5):341-352.
[10]毛杰,郝志勇,王旭,等.内燃机响度仿真优化与试验[J].内燃机学报,2014,32(1):78-83.
[11]熊飞,郝志勇,刘瑞骏,等.基于辐射噪声响度的柴油机NVH性能优化[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(8):2629-2635.
[12]Fastl H,Zwicker E.Psychoacoustics:Facts and Models[M].3 rd Ed.Berlin:Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,2006:203-233.
[13]Zhang X,Zhang G.Numerical optimization of sound pressure responses for the dash panel based on automatically matched layer and genetic algorithm[J].Journal of Vibroengineering,2017,19(4):3040-3055.
[14]Technical Committee ISO/TC 43.ISO 532-1:2017Acoustics-Methods for Calculating Loudness-Part1:Zwicker Method[S].Geneva:International Organization for Standardization,2017.
[15]Moore B C J.Development and current status of the“Cambridge”loudness models[J].Trends in Hearing,2014,18(18):1-29.
[16]Accredited Standards Committee S3,Bioacoustics.ANSI S3.4-2007 Procedure for the Computation of Loudness of Steady Sounds[S].Washington D C:American National Standards Institute,2007.
[17]Technical Committee ISO/TC 43.ISO 226:2003 Acoustics-Normal Equal-Loudness-Lever Contours[S].Geneva:International Organization for Standardization,2003.
[18]Technical Committee ISO/TC 43.ISO 389-7:2005Acoustics-Reference Zero for the Calibration of Audiometric Equipment-Part 7:Reference Threshold of Hearing under Free-Field and Diffuse-Field Listening Conditions[S].Geneva:International Organization for Standardization,2005.
[2]Ishibashi M,Preis A,Satoh F,et al.Relationships between arithmetic averages of sound pressure level calculated in octave bands and Zwicker’s loudness level[J].Applied Acoustics,2006,67(7):720-730.
[3]郭伟,左曙光,李徐钢.一种模拟人耳实现噪声分类的方法[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(11):152-155.
[4]王甫江,刘岩,张晓娟.柴油机声品质客观参量测试及分析[J].噪声与振动控制,2014,34(4):192-196.
[5]Yoon K,Gwak D Y,Chun C,et al.Analysis of frequency dependence on short-term annoyance of conventional railway noise using sound quality metrics in a laboratory context[J].Applied Acoustics,2018,138:121-132.
[6]Luo L,Zheng X,Hao Z,et al.Sound quality evaluation of high-speed train interior noise by adaptive Moore loudness algorithm[J].Journal of Zhejiang UniversityScience A,2017,18(9):690-703.
[7]Kook J,Koo K,Hyun J,et al.Acoustical topology optimization for Zwicker’s loudness model-application to noise barriers[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics&Engineering,2012,237-240:130-151.
[8]Mao J,Hao Z,Jing G,et al.Sound quality improvement for a four-cylinder diesel engine by the block structure optimization[J].Applied Acoustics,2013,74(1):150-159.
[9]Mao J,Hao Z,Zheng K,et al.Experimental validation of sound quality simulation and optimization of a four-cylinder diesel engine[J].Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A,2013,14(5):341-352.
[10]毛杰,郝志勇,王旭,等.内燃机响度仿真优化与试验[J].内燃机学报,2014,32(1):78-83.
[11]熊飞,郝志勇,刘瑞骏,等.基于辐射噪声响度的柴油机NVH性能优化[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(8):2629-2635.
[12]Fastl H,Zwicker E.Psychoacoustics:Facts and Models[M].3 rd Ed.Berlin:Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,2006:203-233.
[13]Zhang X,Zhang G.Numerical optimization of sound pressure responses for the dash panel based on automatically matched layer and genetic algorithm[J].Journal of Vibroengineering,2017,19(4):3040-3055.
[14]Technical Committee ISO/TC 43.ISO 532-1:2017Acoustics-Methods for Calculating Loudness-Part1:Zwicker Method[S].Geneva:International Organization for Standardization,2017.
[15]Moore B C J.Development and current status of the“Cambridge”loudness models[J].Trends in Hearing,2014,18(18):1-29.
[16]Accredited Standards Committee S3,Bioacoustics.ANSI S3.4-2007 Procedure for the Computation of Loudness of Steady Sounds[S].Washington D C:American National Standards Institute,2007.
[17]Technical Committee ISO/TC 43.ISO 226:2003 Acoustics-Normal Equal-Loudness-Lever Contours[S].Geneva:International Organization for Standardization,2003.
[18]Technical Committee ISO/TC 43.ISO 389-7:2005Acoustics-Reference Zero for the Calibration of Audiometric Equipment-Part 7:Reference Threshold of Hearing under Free-Field and Diffuse-Field Listening Conditions[S].Geneva:International Organization for Standardization,2005.