南美洲成矿区带划分及其地质特征
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摘要
南美洲是全球成矿规律研究的热点地区,区内优势矿产资源铜、铁、铝土矿、锡、铌、锂、金、银等在世界上占有重要地位,也是全球矿产勘查投资的重点地区。根据大地构造单元划分,结合实际矿床(点)空间分布、主要成矿类型及其成矿背景,对南美洲开展了三级成矿区带划分,共划分出2个Ⅰ级成矿区,9个Ⅱ级成矿省和42个Ⅲ级成矿带。阐述了南美洲成矿区带划分原则、命名规则、优势矿种、主要成矿时代等。以圭亚那地盾成矿省(Ⅱ-1)泛亚马孙成矿带(Ⅲ-2)为例,概述了Ⅲ级成矿带的优势矿种、矿床类型、赋矿岩系、控矿因素等,总结了区域构造演化、变质作用、岩浆活动等与成矿的关系。
South America is one of the most important regions for prospecting investment and metallogenic regularity research. The dominant mineral resources in South America, such as copper, iron, bauxite, tin, niobium, lithum, gold and silver, play an important role in the world. On the basis of the division of tectonic units and the space-time distribution, metallogenic types of the deposits as well as their metallogenic environment, the metallogenic units of South America can be assigned to three ranks, with two first-rank metalllogenic domains, nine second-rank metallogenic provinces and forty-two metallogenic belts. The naming rules, dominant minerals and main metallogenic ages of the metallogenic units were analyzed in this paper. Finally, based on a case study of the Transamazon metallogenic belt(Ⅲ-2) in Guyana shield metallogenic province(Ⅱ-1), the authors summarize its dominant mineral resources,metallogenic types of the deposits, ore-hosting rocks and ore-controlling factors as well as the relationships between tectonic evolution, metamorphism, magmatism and mineralization.
South America is one of the most important regions for prospecting investment and metallogenic regularity research. The dominant mineral resources in South America, such as copper, iron, bauxite, tin, niobium, lithum, gold and silver, play an important role in the world. On the basis of the division of tectonic units and the space-time distribution, metallogenic types of the deposits as well as their metallogenic environment, the metallogenic units of South America can be assigned to three ranks, with two first-rank metalllogenic domains, nine second-rank metallogenic provinces and forty-two metallogenic belts. The naming rules, dominant minerals and main metallogenic ages of the metallogenic units were analyzed in this paper. Finally, based on a case study of the Transamazon metallogenic belt(Ⅲ-2) in Guyana shield metallogenic province(Ⅱ-1), the authors summarize its dominant mineral resources,metallogenic types of the deposits, ore-hosting rocks and ore-controlling factors as well as the relationships between tectonic evolution, metamorphism, magmatism and mineralization.
引文
[1]裴荣富,梅燕雄,毛景文,等.中国中生代成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2008:1-339.
[2]徐志刚,陈毓川,王登红,等.中国成矿区带划分方案[M].北京:地质出版社,2008:1-128.
[3]丁建华,陈正海,杨国俊,等.中国菱镁矿成矿规律及资源潜力分析[J].中国地质,2013,40(6):1699-1711.
[4]王吉平,商朋强,熊先孝,等.中国萤石矿床成矿规律[J].中国地质,2015,42(1):18-32.
[5]翟裕生,彭润民,向运川,等.区域成矿研究法[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2004:1-183.
[6]Sillitoe R H,Perello J.Andean Copper Province:Tectonomagmatic Settings,Deposit Types,Metallogeny,Exploration,and Discovery[J].Economic Geology,2005,100:845-890.
[7]Deng J,Wang Q F.Gold mineralization in China:Metallogenic provinces,deposit types and tectonic framework[J].Gondwana Research,2016,36:219-274.
[8]Deng J,Wang C M,Bagas L,et al.Cretaceous Cenozoic tectonic history of the Jiaojia Fault and gold mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula,China:Constraints from zircon U-Pb,illite K-Ar,and apatite fission track thermochronometry[J].Mineralium Deposita,2015,50:987-1006.
[9]Deng J,Liu X F,Wang Q F,et al.Origin of the Jiaodong-type Xinli gold deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,China:Constraints from fluid inclusion and C-D-O-S-Sr isotope compositions[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2015,65:674-686.
[10]陈毓川,王登红,陈郑辉,等.全国重要矿产和区域成矿规律研究技术要求[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:1-175.
[11]朱裕生,肖克炎,马玉波,等.中国成矿区带划分的历史与现状[J].地质学刊,2013,37(3):249-357.
[12]USGS.Copper Statistics and Information[EB/OL(2017-03-19)]https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/copper/mcs-2017-coppe.pdf.2017.
[13]张潮,陈玉明,赵宏军.南美洲铜矿资源概况与勘查开发现状[J].中国矿业,2016,25(s2):9-11.
[14]Sillitoe R H.Iron oxide-copper-gold deposits:an Andean view[J].Mineralium Deposita,2003,38:787-812.
[15]Sillitoe R H.Major Gold Deposits and Belts of the North and South American Cordillera:Distribution,Tectonomagmatic Settings,and Metallogenic Considerations[J].Economic Geology,2008,103:663-678.
[16]Groves D,Goldfarb R,Da Silva C.Gold deposits of Brazil[J].Mineralium Deposita,2001,36(3/4):205-376.
[17]Santos J O S.Geotectonica dos escudos das Guianas e Brasil-Central[C]//Bizzi L A,Schobbenhaus C,Vidotti R M,et al.Geologia,tectonica e recursos minetais do Brasil,Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais,Brasilia,ISBN 85-230-0790-3.2003,169-226.
[18]Zappettini E O.Metallogeny of South America[M].Beenos Aires:Servico Geologico Minero Argentino,2005:1-274.
[19]董永观,姚春彦,曾勇,等.南美地台地质演化与成矿特征[J].矿物学报,2013,增刊:1041-1042.
[20]董永观,曾勇,姚春彦,等.南美地台地质构造演化与主要金属矿产成矿作用[J].资源调查与环境,2015,36(2):116-122.
[21]卢民杰,朱小三,郭维民.南美安第斯地区成矿区带划分探讨[J].矿床地质,2016,35(5):1073-1083.
[22]Chew D W,Schaltegger U,Kosler J,et al.U-Pb geochronologic evidence for the evolution of the Gondwanan margin of the northcentral Andes[J].Geol.Soc.Amer.Bull.,2007,119:697-711.
[23]梅燕雄,裴荣富,杨德凤,等.全球成矿域和成矿区带.矿床地质,2009,28(4):383-389.
[24]Mi?kovic A,Spikings R A,Chew D M,et al.Tectonomagmatic evolution of Western Amazonia:Geochemical characterization and zircon U-Pb geochronologic constraints from the Peruvian Eastern Cordilleran granitoids[J].GSA Bulletin,2009,121(9/10):1298-1324.
[25]陈毓川,叶天竺,张洪涛,等.中国主要成矿区带矿产资源远景评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1999:1-536.
[26]李春昱,王荃,刘雪亚.中国的内生成矿与板块构造[J].地质学报,1981,3:195-204.
[27]任纪舜,王作勋,陈炳蔚,等.从全球看中国大地构造——中国及邻区大地构造图简要说明[M].北京:地质出版社,1999:1-50.
[28]Schobbenhaus C,Bellizzia A.Geological Map of South America,1∶5000000[BD].CGMW-CPRM-DNPM-UNESCO,Brasilia.2001.
[29]Cordani U G,Milani E J,Thomaz Filho A,et al.Tectonic evolution of South America[C]//Rio de Janerio:31#International Geological Congress,2000:1-856.
[30]Sangster A,Zentilli M.Latin American Mineral Deposits[J].Journal of the Geological Society of CIM,1999,8(1/2):1-147.
[31]Hildebrand R S,Buchwaldt R,Bowring S A.On the allochthonous nature of auriferous greenstones,Guayana shield,Venezuela[J].Gondwana Research,2014,26:1129-1140.
(1)中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院.秘鲁大地构造与成矿带--大地构造域为工具用于秘鲁成矿制图.2015.
[2]徐志刚,陈毓川,王登红,等.中国成矿区带划分方案[M].北京:地质出版社,2008:1-128.
[3]丁建华,陈正海,杨国俊,等.中国菱镁矿成矿规律及资源潜力分析[J].中国地质,2013,40(6):1699-1711.
[4]王吉平,商朋强,熊先孝,等.中国萤石矿床成矿规律[J].中国地质,2015,42(1):18-32.
[5]翟裕生,彭润民,向运川,等.区域成矿研究法[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2004:1-183.
[6]Sillitoe R H,Perello J.Andean Copper Province:Tectonomagmatic Settings,Deposit Types,Metallogeny,Exploration,and Discovery[J].Economic Geology,2005,100:845-890.
[7]Deng J,Wang Q F.Gold mineralization in China:Metallogenic provinces,deposit types and tectonic framework[J].Gondwana Research,2016,36:219-274.
[8]Deng J,Wang C M,Bagas L,et al.Cretaceous Cenozoic tectonic history of the Jiaojia Fault and gold mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula,China:Constraints from zircon U-Pb,illite K-Ar,and apatite fission track thermochronometry[J].Mineralium Deposita,2015,50:987-1006.
[9]Deng J,Liu X F,Wang Q F,et al.Origin of the Jiaodong-type Xinli gold deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula,China:Constraints from fluid inclusion and C-D-O-S-Sr isotope compositions[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2015,65:674-686.
[10]陈毓川,王登红,陈郑辉,等.全国重要矿产和区域成矿规律研究技术要求[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:1-175.
[11]朱裕生,肖克炎,马玉波,等.中国成矿区带划分的历史与现状[J].地质学刊,2013,37(3):249-357.
[12]USGS.Copper Statistics and Information[EB/OL(2017-03-19)]https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/copper/mcs-2017-coppe.pdf.2017.
[13]张潮,陈玉明,赵宏军.南美洲铜矿资源概况与勘查开发现状[J].中国矿业,2016,25(s2):9-11.
[14]Sillitoe R H.Iron oxide-copper-gold deposits:an Andean view[J].Mineralium Deposita,2003,38:787-812.
[15]Sillitoe R H.Major Gold Deposits and Belts of the North and South American Cordillera:Distribution,Tectonomagmatic Settings,and Metallogenic Considerations[J].Economic Geology,2008,103:663-678.
[16]Groves D,Goldfarb R,Da Silva C.Gold deposits of Brazil[J].Mineralium Deposita,2001,36(3/4):205-376.
[17]Santos J O S.Geotectonica dos escudos das Guianas e Brasil-Central[C]//Bizzi L A,Schobbenhaus C,Vidotti R M,et al.Geologia,tectonica e recursos minetais do Brasil,Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais,Brasilia,ISBN 85-230-0790-3.2003,169-226.
[18]Zappettini E O.Metallogeny of South America[M].Beenos Aires:Servico Geologico Minero Argentino,2005:1-274.
[19]董永观,姚春彦,曾勇,等.南美地台地质演化与成矿特征[J].矿物学报,2013,增刊:1041-1042.
[20]董永观,曾勇,姚春彦,等.南美地台地质构造演化与主要金属矿产成矿作用[J].资源调查与环境,2015,36(2):116-122.
[21]卢民杰,朱小三,郭维民.南美安第斯地区成矿区带划分探讨[J].矿床地质,2016,35(5):1073-1083.
[22]Chew D W,Schaltegger U,Kosler J,et al.U-Pb geochronologic evidence for the evolution of the Gondwanan margin of the northcentral Andes[J].Geol.Soc.Amer.Bull.,2007,119:697-711.
[23]梅燕雄,裴荣富,杨德凤,等.全球成矿域和成矿区带.矿床地质,2009,28(4):383-389.
[24]Mi?kovic A,Spikings R A,Chew D M,et al.Tectonomagmatic evolution of Western Amazonia:Geochemical characterization and zircon U-Pb geochronologic constraints from the Peruvian Eastern Cordilleran granitoids[J].GSA Bulletin,2009,121(9/10):1298-1324.
[25]陈毓川,叶天竺,张洪涛,等.中国主要成矿区带矿产资源远景评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1999:1-536.
[26]李春昱,王荃,刘雪亚.中国的内生成矿与板块构造[J].地质学报,1981,3:195-204.
[27]任纪舜,王作勋,陈炳蔚,等.从全球看中国大地构造——中国及邻区大地构造图简要说明[M].北京:地质出版社,1999:1-50.
[28]Schobbenhaus C,Bellizzia A.Geological Map of South America,1∶5000000[BD].CGMW-CPRM-DNPM-UNESCO,Brasilia.2001.
[29]Cordani U G,Milani E J,Thomaz Filho A,et al.Tectonic evolution of South America[C]//Rio de Janerio:31#International Geological Congress,2000:1-856.
[30]Sangster A,Zentilli M.Latin American Mineral Deposits[J].Journal of the Geological Society of CIM,1999,8(1/2):1-147.
[31]Hildebrand R S,Buchwaldt R,Bowring S A.On the allochthonous nature of auriferous greenstones,Guayana shield,Venezuela[J].Gondwana Research,2014,26:1129-1140.
(1)中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院.秘鲁大地构造与成矿带--大地构造域为工具用于秘鲁成矿制图.2015.