播量和施氮量对直播稻产量和品质的影响
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摘要
为探明直播稻在不同的播量和施氮量条件下产量和品质的表现,研明直播稻高产优质适宜的播量和施氮水平,以‘新稻567’、‘新稻568’和‘新科稻31’为试验材料,分别设置5个播种量和3个施氮水平,研究不同播量和施氮水平对直播稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明:在不同播量处理下,对于‘新稻567’,在97.5 kg/hm~2播量水平下产量最高为9.78 t/hm~2,稻米的垩白粒率、垩白度较低,加工品质各播量间差异不显著;对于‘新稻568’,在75 kg/hm~2播量水平下产量最高,为9.58 t/hm~2,且与各处理间差异达显著或极显著水平,稻米的加工品质和外观品质处理间差异不显著。稻米的食味品质在两品种不同播量间差异不显著,但总体表现为‘新稻567’的食味值高于‘新稻568’。在不同氮肥处理下,直播稻品种的产量基本表现为随着施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,在255 kg/hm~2处理下产量达最大;稻米的加工品质各施氮处理间差异较小,外观品质差异较大,垩白粒率和垩白度基本表现为不施氮处理较小,施氮处理较大。这说明,在适宜播量下对于不同的直播稻品种可以实现高产和优质的协同提高;在适宜的氮肥处理下可以获得水稻的高产水平,但增施氮肥水稻的外观品质变劣,因此,协同直播稻的高产优质仅靠氮肥调控仍存在一定的局限性。
To find out suitable sowing amount and nitrogen application level for high yield and good qualitydirect sowing rice, and identify the yield and quality under different sowing amounts and nitrogen applicationrates,‘Xindao 567',‘Xindao 568'and‘Xinkedao 31'were used as experimental materials, five sowingamounts and three nitrogen application levels were set up respectively to study the effects on yield and qualityof direct sowing rice. The results showed that under different sowing amounts, the yield of‘Xindao 567'reached 9.78 t/hm~2 under the sowing amount of 97.5 kg/hm~2. The chalky grain rate and chalkiness decreased.The processing quality of rice was not significantly different among different sowing amounts. The yield of‘Xindao 568 reached the highest of 9.58 t/hm~2 under the sowing rate of 75 kg/hm~2, which was significantlydifferent or extremely and significantly different among different sowing amounts. Rice taste quality had nosignificant difference among treatments of these two varieties, but the overall performance of‘Xindao 567'washigher than that of‘Xindao 568'. In different nitrogen treatments, the yield of direct sowing rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen level, and the maximum yield was under the treatment of255 kg/hm~2. The processing quality was little different among different nitrogen treatments, and the appearancequality was largely different. The chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree were low under no nitrogen treatment,and higher under nitrogen treatments. The results showed that the suitable sowing amount of different varietiescould achieve synergy of high quality and yield, and the high yield could be obtained by suitable nitrogen level.But the appearance quality decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, only nitrogen fertilizerregulation has certain limitation on the cooperative development of yield and quality of direct sowing rice.
To find out suitable sowing amount and nitrogen application level for high yield and good qualitydirect sowing rice, and identify the yield and quality under different sowing amounts and nitrogen applicationrates,‘Xindao 567',‘Xindao 568'and‘Xinkedao 31'were used as experimental materials, five sowingamounts and three nitrogen application levels were set up respectively to study the effects on yield and qualityof direct sowing rice. The results showed that under different sowing amounts, the yield of‘Xindao 567'reached 9.78 t/hm~2 under the sowing amount of 97.5 kg/hm~2. The chalky grain rate and chalkiness decreased.The processing quality of rice was not significantly different among different sowing amounts. The yield of‘Xindao 568 reached the highest of 9.58 t/hm~2 under the sowing rate of 75 kg/hm~2, which was significantlydifferent or extremely and significantly different among different sowing amounts. Rice taste quality had nosignificant difference among treatments of these two varieties, but the overall performance of‘Xindao 567'washigher than that of‘Xindao 568'. In different nitrogen treatments, the yield of direct sowing rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen level, and the maximum yield was under the treatment of255 kg/hm~2. The processing quality was little different among different nitrogen treatments, and the appearancequality was largely different. The chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree were low under no nitrogen treatment,and higher under nitrogen treatments. The results showed that the suitable sowing amount of different varietiescould achieve synergy of high quality and yield, and the high yield could be obtained by suitable nitrogen level.But the appearance quality decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, only nitrogen fertilizerregulation has certain limitation on the cooperative development of yield and quality of direct sowing rice.
引文
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[2]周培南,冯惟珠,许乃霞,等.施氮量和移栽密度对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].江苏农业研究,2001,22(1):27-31.
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[7]孙永健,郑洪帧,徐徽,等.机械旱直播方式促进水稻生长发育提高产量[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):10-18.
[8]龙继锐,宋春芳,马国辉,等.机械精量穴直播和定位施肥对水稻生长与养分迁移的影响[J].杂交水稻,2014,29(3):60-64,69.
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[10]彭斌.密度和肥料对直播稻产量形成和品质的影响及其原因分析[D].扬州:扬州大学,2002.
[11]吴文革,陈烨,钱银飞,等.水稻直播稻栽培的发展概况与研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2006,8(4):32-36.
[12]周培南,冯惟珠,许乃霞,等.施氮量和移栽密度对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].江苏农业研究,2001,22(1):27-31.
[13]柳金来,宋继娟,周柏明,等.氮肥施用量与水稻品质的关系[J].土壤肥料,2005(1):17-19.
[14]于建波,王伯伦,王术.不同粒型粳稻品种产量与品质关系的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2004,35(4):36-368.
[15]石庆华,程永盛,潘晓华,等.施氮对两系杂交晚稻产量和品质的影响[J].土壤肥料,2000(4):9-12.
[16]张玉烛,马国辉,朱德保,等.栽培因素对食用优质稻垩白的影响[J].作物研究,1999(3):9-13.
[17]占新春,周桂香,吴爽.施氮量与栽插密度对丰两优1号稻米品质的影响[J].杂交水稻,2006,21(6):66-68.
[18]金军,徐大勇,蔡一霞,等.施氮量对水稻主要米质性状及RVA谱特征参数的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(2):154-158.
[19]江立庚,曹卫星,甘秀芹,等.不同施氮水平对南方早稻氮素吸收利用及其产量和品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(4):490-496.
[20]Xiong F,Wang Z,Gu Y J,et al.Effects of nitrogen application time on caryopsis development and grain quality of rice variety Yangdao6[J].Rice Science,2008,15(1):57-62.
[2]周培南,冯惟珠,许乃霞,等.施氮量和移栽密度对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].江苏农业研究,2001,22(1):27-31.
[3]阙金华,张洪程,戴其根,等.氮肥对稻米品质影响的研究进展[J].耕作与栽培,2003(1):11-12.
[4]吕川根.栽培密度和施肥方法对稻米品质影响的研究[J].中国水稻科学,1988(3):141-144.
[5]杨泽敏,王维金,蔡明历,等.氮肥施用期及施用量对稻米品质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2002,21(5):429-434.
[6]张洪程,王秀芹,戴其根,等.施氮量对杂交稻两优培九产量、品质及吸氮特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(7):800-806.
[7]孙永健,郑洪帧,徐徽,等.机械旱直播方式促进水稻生长发育提高产量[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):10-18.
[8]龙继锐,宋春芳,马国辉,等.机械精量穴直播和定位施肥对水稻生长与养分迁移的影响[J].杂交水稻,2014,29(3):60-64,69.
[9]罗锡文,蒋恩臣,王在满,等.开沟起垄式水稻精量穴直播机的研制[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(12):52-56.
[10]彭斌.密度和肥料对直播稻产量形成和品质的影响及其原因分析[D].扬州:扬州大学,2002.
[11]吴文革,陈烨,钱银飞,等.水稻直播稻栽培的发展概况与研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2006,8(4):32-36.
[12]周培南,冯惟珠,许乃霞,等.施氮量和移栽密度对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].江苏农业研究,2001,22(1):27-31.
[13]柳金来,宋继娟,周柏明,等.氮肥施用量与水稻品质的关系[J].土壤肥料,2005(1):17-19.
[14]于建波,王伯伦,王术.不同粒型粳稻品种产量与品质关系的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2004,35(4):36-368.
[15]石庆华,程永盛,潘晓华,等.施氮对两系杂交晚稻产量和品质的影响[J].土壤肥料,2000(4):9-12.
[16]张玉烛,马国辉,朱德保,等.栽培因素对食用优质稻垩白的影响[J].作物研究,1999(3):9-13.
[17]占新春,周桂香,吴爽.施氮量与栽插密度对丰两优1号稻米品质的影响[J].杂交水稻,2006,21(6):66-68.
[18]金军,徐大勇,蔡一霞,等.施氮量对水稻主要米质性状及RVA谱特征参数的影响[J].作物学报,2004,30(2):154-158.
[19]江立庚,曹卫星,甘秀芹,等.不同施氮水平对南方早稻氮素吸收利用及其产量和品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(4):490-496.
[20]Xiong F,Wang Z,Gu Y J,et al.Effects of nitrogen application time on caryopsis development and grain quality of rice variety Yangdao6[J].Rice Science,2008,15(1):57-62.
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