基于Pn/Pg相对定位方法研究2017年8月8日九寨沟M7.0地震起始破裂深度
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摘要
本文利用Pn/Pg相对定位方法,测定了2017年8月8日四川九寨沟M7.0主震及部分余震的起始破裂深度.地震的起始破裂深度是理解地震孕震机理的重要参数,而九寨沟地区台网稀疏,地壳速度结构复杂,基于传统的到时定位方法测定地震起始破裂深度误差较大.Pn/Pg相对定位方法首先基于流动观测近台记录对2017年8月10日M4.1和11月7日M4.5余震震源位置进行测定,选择其为参考事件,再利用Pg校正主震水平位置,Pn约束震源起始深度,基于参考事件可以有效降低速度模型对震源位置测定的影响.结果显示:九寨沟主震起始破裂深度约9km,早期余震的震源深度分布在7~13km,主要集中在主震起始破裂深度附近.
We used the Pn/Pg relative location method to locate the initial rupture depth of the Jiuzhaigou M7.0 earthquake and some aftershocks.Due to sparse seismograph network and complex three-dimensional crustal velocity structure,it is difficult to accurately determine this parameter by the traditional seismic arrival-time location method.In this study,we measured the hypocenter location of August 10,2017 M4.1 aftershock and 7 November 2017 M4.5 aftershockwith portable seismographic observation records,and selected them as reference events.Then we used Pg phase to adjust the horizontal location and Pn phase to determine the hypocentral depth.The influence of the velocity model was reduced effectively using the Pn/Pg relative location method.The results show that the initial rupture depth of the main shock is about 9 km,and the aftershocks are distributed at 7~13 km depths,mainly in the vicinity of the hypocentral depth of the main shock.
We used the Pn/Pg relative location method to locate the initial rupture depth of the Jiuzhaigou M7.0 earthquake and some aftershocks.Due to sparse seismograph network and complex three-dimensional crustal velocity structure,it is difficult to accurately determine this parameter by the traditional seismic arrival-time location method.In this study,we measured the hypocenter location of August 10,2017 M4.1 aftershock and 7 November 2017 M4.5 aftershockwith portable seismographic observation records,and selected them as reference events.Then we used Pg phase to adjust the horizontal location and Pn phase to determine the hypocentral depth.The influence of the velocity model was reduced effectively using the Pn/Pg relative location method.The results show that the initial rupture depth of the main shock is about 9 km,and the aftershocks are distributed at 7~13 km depths,mainly in the vicinity of the hypocentral depth of the main shock.
引文
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He X H,Ni S D,Ye L L,et al.2015.Rapid seismological quantification of source parameters of the 25April 2015Nepal earthquake.Seismological Research Letters,86(6):1568-1577,doi:10.1785/0220150131.
Ji L Y,Liu C J,Xu J,et al.2017.InSAR observation and inversion of the seismogenic fault for the 2017Jiuzhaigou MS7.0earthquake in China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(10):4069-4082,doi:10.6038/cjg20171032.
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Mori J.1991.Estimates of velocity structure and source depth using multiple P waves from aftershocks of the 1987Elmore Ranch and Superstition Hills,California,earthquakes.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,81(2):508-523.
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Chong J J,Ni S D,Zeng X F.2010.sPL,an effective seismic phase for determining focal depth at near distance.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),53(11):2620-2630,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.11.010.
Déverchère J,Petit C,Gileva N,et al.2001.Depth distribution of earthquakes in the Baikal rift system and its implications for the rheology of the lithosphere.Geophysical Journal International,146(3):714-730,doi:10.1046/j.0956-540x.2001.1484.484.x.
Fang L H,Wu J P,Su J R,et al.2018.Relocation of mainshock and aftershock sequence of the MS7.0 Sichuan Jiuzhaigou earthquake.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),63(7):649-662,doi:10.1360/N972017-01184.
Greensfelder R W.1965.The Pg-Pn method of determining depth of focus with applications to Nevada earthquakes.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,55(2):391-403.
He X H,Ni S D,Ye L L,et al.2015.Rapid seismological quantification of source parameters of the 25April 2015Nepal earthquake.Seismological Research Letters,86(6):1568-1577,doi:10.1785/0220150131.
Ji L Y,Liu C J,Xu J,et al.2017.InSAR observation and inversion of the seismogenic fault for the 2017Jiuzhaigou MS7.0earthquake in China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(10):4069-4082,doi:10.6038/cjg20171032.
Jia Z,Ni S D,Chu R S,et al.2017.Joint inversion for earthquake depths using local waveforms and amplitude spectra of Rayleigh waves.Pure and Applied Geophysics,174(1):261-277,doi:10.1007/s00024-016-1373-1.
Kanamori H,Brodsky E E.2004.The physics of earthquakes.Reports on Progress in Physics,67(8):1429-1496,doi:10.1088/0034-4885/67/8/R03.
Klein F W.2002.User′s guide to HYPOINVERSE-2000,a Fortran program to solve for earthquake locations and magnitudes.Menlo Park:U.S.Geological Survey.
Li Z W,Tian B F,Liu S,et al.2013.Asperity of the 2013Lushan earthquake in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau from seismic tomography and aftershock relocation.Geophysical Journal International,195(3):2016-2022,doi:10.1093/gji/ggt370.
Li Z W,Huang Z B,Wang X X,et al.2015.A study on the reliability of M4~5earthquakes with anomalous focal depth in the USGS earthquake catalog:several earthquakes in the NorthSouth Seismic Belt.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),58(4):1236-1250,doi:10.6038/cjg20150412.
LüJ,Zeng W J,Xie Z J,et al.2012.Rupture characteristics of the MS4.6Ruichang-Yangxin earthquake of Sep.10,2011and the strong earthquake risk in the region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),55(11):3625-3633,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.011.
Ma S T,Atkinson G M.2006.Focal depths for small to moderate earthquakes(mN≥2.8)in Western Quebec,Southern Ontario,and Northern New York.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,96(2):609-623,doi:10.1785/0120040192.
Menke W.2004.Absolute earthquake locations with differential data.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,94(6):2254-2264,doi:10.1785/0120040033.
Mori J.1991.Estimates of velocity structure and source depth using multiple P waves from aftershocks of the 1987Elmore Ranch and Superstition Hills,California,earthquakes.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,81(2):508-523.
Scholz C H.2002.The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting.2nd ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,doi:10.1017/CBO9780511818516.002.
Shan B,Zheng Y,Liu C L,et al.2017.Coseismic Coulomb failure stress changes caused by the 2017 M7.0Jiuzhaigou earthquake,and its relationship with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Science China Earth Sciences(in Chinese),47(11):1329-1338,doi:10.1007/s11430-017-9125-2.
Shearer P M.2009.Introduction to Seismology.2nd ed.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Shi Y L,Zhu S B.2003.Contrast of rheology in the crust and mantle near Moho revealed by depth variation of earthquake mechanism in continental China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),46(3):359-365,doi:10.1002/cjg2.3369.
Spence W.1980.Relative epicenter determination using P-wave arrival-time differences.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,70(1):171-183.
Su J R,Zheng Y,Yang J S,et al.2013.Accurate locating of the Lushan,Sichuan M7.0earthquake on 20 April 2013and its aftershocks and analysis of the seismogenic structure.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(8):2636-2644,doi:10.6038/cjg20130813.
Tape C,West M,Silwal V,et al.2013.Earthquake nucleation and triggering on an optimally oriented fault.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,363:231-241,doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.11.060.
Tian Y,Chen X F.2002.Review of seismic location study.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),17(1):147-155,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2002.01.022.
Tsai Y B,Aki K.1970.Precise focal depth determination from amplitude spectra of surface waves.Journal of Geophysical Research,75(29):5729-5744,doi:10.1029/JB075i029p05729.
Wagner M,Husen S,Lomax A,et al.2013.High-precision earthquake locations in Switzerland using regional secondary arrivals in a 3-D velocity model.Geophysical Journal International,193(3):1589-1607,doi:10.1093/gji/ggt052.
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L.2000.A double-difference earthquakelocation algorithm:Method and application to the northern Hayward fault,California.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,90 (6):1353-1368,doi:10.1785/0120000006.
Wang J J,Xu C J.2017.Coseismic Coulomb stress changes associated with the 2017 MW6.5Jiuzhaigou earthquake(China)and its impacts on surrounding major faults.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(11):4398-4420,doi:10.6038/cjg20171127.
Xu X W,Chen G H,Wang Q X,et al.2017.Discussion on seismogenic structure of Jiuzhaigou earthquake and its implication for current strain state in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(10):4018-4026,doi:10.6038/cjg20171028.
Yang Y H,Fan J,Hua Q,et al.2017.Inversion for the focal mechanisms of the Jiuzhaigou M7.0earthquake sequence using near-field full waveforms.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(10):4098-4104,doi:10.6038/cjg20171034.
Yi G X,Long F,Liang M J,et al.2017.Focal mechanism solutions and seismogenic structure of the 8August 2017 M7.0Jiuzhaigou earthquake and its aftershocks,northern Sichuan.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),60(10):4083-4097,doi:10.6038/cjg20171033.
Zeng X F,Xie J,Ni S D.2015.Ground truth location of earthquakes by use of ambient seismic noise from a sparse seismic network:a case study in Western Australia.Pure and Applied Geophysics,172(6):1397-1407,doi:10.1007/s00024-014-0993-6.
Zhan Z,Wei S,Ni S,et al.2011.Earthquake centroid locations using calibration from ambient seismic noise.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,101(3):1438-1445,doi:10.1785/0120100118.
Zhang G M,Wang S Y,Li L,et al.2002.Focal depth research of earthquakes in mainland China and implication for tectonics.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),47(9):663-668,doi:10.1360/csb2002-47-9-663.
Zhang R Q,Wu Q J,Li Y H,et al.2008.Focal depths for moderate-sized aftershocks of the Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake and their implications.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,51(12):1694-1702,doi:10.1007/s11430-008-0140-2.
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