印度洋海盆模影响西北东部降水的大气环流分析
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摘要
利用回归统计方法分析了热带印度洋海盆模影响西北地区东部5月降水异常的大气环流异常分布及可能的物理机制。结果表明:印度洋暖海盆模可以在亚欧地区大气中引起类似"Matsuno-Gill Pattern"的大气响应,在对流层中上层形成异常波列,西北地区东部正好位于新疆—巴尔喀什湖负异常中心和东亚地区正异常中心之间,处在明显西低东高的高度场异常形势下,这正是西北地区东部5月降水异常偏多的典型环流形势。对应波列分布,欧亚范围存在3个明显异常气旋、反气旋,对流层高层200 h Pa华北到西北地区东部为大片气流异常辐散区,低层850 h Pa为气流辐合,形成异常垂直上升运动,有利于西北区东部降水异常偏多。因此印度洋海盆模是通过引起遥相关波列,在西北地区东部上空形成西低东高的异常环流,从而影响该地区的降水异常。
Our previous study shows that since mid 1970 s the persisting anomaly of the tropical India Ocean Sea Basin M ode( IOBM) in previous winter and spring is significantly corrected with precipitation anomaly main mode in the East of Northwest China( ENC) in subsequent M ay. In this study,using regression method,the atmospheric circulation anomaly and possible mechanism of the IOBM influencing on precipitation in ENC are studied. It is found that the warming IOBM can induce the responding of ‘M atsuno- Gill Pattern'in the atmosphere and form the wave train over area from the tropical Indian Ocean to Europe to Asia at middle to upper troposphere level. The anomalous values of wave train increase with height increasing. ENC is just located between the negative center of Xinjiang to Balkhash Lake and positive center of East Asia,and just controlled by the pattern of ‘West Lowand East High',which is the typical circulation pattern of more precipitation in ENC. Corresponding to the wave train of height anomaly,there are three significant cyclone and anticyclone anomaly centers over Europe- Asia area. At upper level of 200 h Pa,it is the large scale wind divergence anomaly over area from North China to ENC,and at lower level of 850 h Pa it is the convergence over there. Concerned with the divergence at upper level and convergence at lower level,it induces the vertical ascending,which is advantage of more precipitation. The vertical ascending motion center is over area from North China to ENC. So it is said that the IOBM can influence the precipitation anomaly over ENC by inducing the wave train over Europe to Asia area at middle-upper troposphere,and informing anomaly circulation pattern of ‘West Lowand East High 'over ENC. For the cold case of IOBM,it is vise verse.
Our previous study shows that since mid 1970 s the persisting anomaly of the tropical India Ocean Sea Basin M ode( IOBM) in previous winter and spring is significantly corrected with precipitation anomaly main mode in the East of Northwest China( ENC) in subsequent M ay. In this study,using regression method,the atmospheric circulation anomaly and possible mechanism of the IOBM influencing on precipitation in ENC are studied. It is found that the warming IOBM can induce the responding of ‘M atsuno- Gill Pattern'in the atmosphere and form the wave train over area from the tropical Indian Ocean to Europe to Asia at middle to upper troposphere level. The anomalous values of wave train increase with height increasing. ENC is just located between the negative center of Xinjiang to Balkhash Lake and positive center of East Asia,and just controlled by the pattern of ‘West Lowand East High',which is the typical circulation pattern of more precipitation in ENC. Corresponding to the wave train of height anomaly,there are three significant cyclone and anticyclone anomaly centers over Europe- Asia area. At upper level of 200 h Pa,it is the large scale wind divergence anomaly over area from North China to ENC,and at lower level of 850 h Pa it is the convergence over there. Concerned with the divergence at upper level and convergence at lower level,it induces the vertical ascending,which is advantage of more precipitation. The vertical ascending motion center is over area from North China to ENC. So it is said that the IOBM can influence the precipitation anomaly over ENC by inducing the wave train over Europe to Asia area at middle-upper troposphere,and informing anomaly circulation pattern of ‘West Lowand East High 'over ENC. For the cold case of IOBM,it is vise verse.
引文
[1]施雅风,沈永平,胡汝骥.西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型的信号、影响和前景初步探讨[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(3):219-226.
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[5]杨建玲,冯建民,穆建华,等.西北地区东部季节干旱的时空变化特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(4):949-958.
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[7]白虎志,谢金南,李栋梁.青藏高原季风对西北降水影响的相关分析[J].甘肃气象,2000,18(2):10-12.
[8]吴统文,钱正安,李培基,等.青藏高原多、少雪年后期西北干旱区降水的对比分析[J].高原气象,1998,17(4):364-372.
[9]李耀辉,李栋梁,赵庆云.中国西北春季降水与太平洋秋季海温的异常特征及其相关分析[J].高原气象,2000,19(1):100-110.
[10]王澄海,王式功,杨德保,等.中国西北春季降水与太平洋海温相关特征的研究[J].热带气象学报,2002,18(4):374-382.
[11]杨金虎,江志红,白虎志.西北区东部夏季极端降水事件同太平洋SSTA的遥相关[J].高原气象,2008,27(2):331-338.
[12]陈海波,杨建玲,严华生,等.宁夏5月降水变化及其对前期全球SST异常的响应分析[J].高原气象,2012,31(3):752-759.
[13]谢金南,卓嘎.台风活动对青藏高原东北侧干旱的影响[J].高原气象,2000,19(2):244-252.
[14]张琼,钱正安,陈敏连.关于夏季南亚高压的进一步研究:与我国西北地区降水关系的统计分析[J].高原气象,1997,16(21):52-62.
[15]李进,李栋梁,张杰.黄河流域冬、夏季水汽输送及收支特征[J].高原气象,2012,31(2):342-350.
[16]李江林,李照荣,杨建才,等.近10年夏季西北地区水汽空间分布和时间变化分析[J].高原气象,2012,31(6):1574-1581.
[17]李栋梁,邵鹏程,王慧,等.中国东亚副热带夏季风北边缘带研究进展[J].高原气象,2013,32(1):305-314,doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00030.
[18]邵太华,张耀存.冬季北大西洋涛动对中国春季降水异常的影响[J].高原气象,2012,31(5):1225-1233.
[19]罗绍华,金祖辉,陈烈庭.印度洋和南海海温与长江中下游夏季降水的相关分析[J].大气科学,1985,9(3):336-342.
[20]闵锦忠,孙照渤,曾刚.南海和印度洋海温异常对东亚大气环流及降水的影响[J].南京气象学院学报,2000,23(4):542-548.
[21]张琼,刘平,吴国雄.印度洋和南海海温与长江中下游旱涝[J].大气科学,2003,127(16):992-1006.
[22]金祖辉,沈如桂.长江中下游涝梅和旱梅年海温场和热带环流系统的特征[J].气象科学技术集刊(11),北京:气象出版社,1987:83-88.
[23]陈烈庭.阿拉伯海南海海温距平纬向差异对长江中下游降水的影响[J].大气科学,1991,15(1):33-41.
[24]吴国雄,刘平,刘屹岷.印度洋海温异常对西太平洋副热带高压的影响—大气中的两级热力适应[J].气象学报,2000,58(5):513-522.
[25]刘屹岷,吴国雄,刘辉,等.空间非均匀加热对副热带高压形成和变异的影响Ⅲ:凝结潜热加热与南亚高压及西太平洋副高[J].气象学报,1999,57(5):525-538.
[26]杨辉,李崇银.热带太平洋—印度洋海温异常综合模对南亚高压的影响[J].大气科学,2005,29(1):99-110.
[27]琚建华,陈琳玲,李崇银.太平洋—印度洋海温异常模态及其指数定义的初步研究[J].热带气象学报,2004,20(6):617-624.
[28]Annamalai H,Liu Ping,Xie Shangping.Southwest Indian Ocean SST variability:Its local effect and remote influence on Asian monsoons[J].J Climate,2005,18(20):4150-4167.
[29]Xie Shangping,Hu Kaiming,Hafner J,et al.Indian Ocean capacitor effect on Indo-western Pacific climate during the summer following El Nino[J].J Climate,2009,22(3):730-747.
[30]Yang Jianling,Liu Qinyu,Xie Shangping,et al.Impact of the Indian Ocean SST basin mode on the Asian summer monsoon[J].Geophys Res Lett,2007,34(2),L02708,doi:10.1029/2006 GL028571.
[31]杨建玲,刘秦玉.热带印度洋SST海盆模态的“充电/放电”作用—对夏季南亚高压的影响[J].海洋学报,2008,30(2):12-19.
[32]Yang Jianling,Liu Qinyu,Liu Zhengru,et al.Basin mode of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature and Northern Hemisphere circumglobal teleconnection[J].Geophys Res Lett,2009,36(19),L19705,doi:10.1029/2009GL039559.
[33]Yang Jianling,Liu Qinyu,Liu Zhengyu.Linking Asian monsoon to Indian Ocean SST in the observation:Possible roles of Indian Ocean Basin mode and Dipole mode[J].J Climate,2010,23(21):5889-5902.
[34]杨建玲,李艳春,郑广芬,等.热带印度洋海表面温度与西北地区东部降水异常关系研究[J].高原气象,2015,34(3):690-699,doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00010.
[2]栾晨,宋敏红,蔡英,等.西北区西部夏半年强降水变化的分区研究[J].高原气象,2012,31(3):629-637.
[3]宋连春,张存杰.20世纪西北地区降水量变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(2):143-148.
[4]刘扬,韦志刚,李振朝,等.中国北方地区降水变化的分区研究[J].高原气象,2012,31(3):638-645.
[5]杨建玲,冯建民,穆建华,等.西北地区东部季节干旱的时空变化特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(4):949-958.
[6]李栋梁,谢金南,王文.中国西北夏季降水特征及其异常研究[J].大气科学,1997,21(3):331-340.
[7]白虎志,谢金南,李栋梁.青藏高原季风对西北降水影响的相关分析[J].甘肃气象,2000,18(2):10-12.
[8]吴统文,钱正安,李培基,等.青藏高原多、少雪年后期西北干旱区降水的对比分析[J].高原气象,1998,17(4):364-372.
[9]李耀辉,李栋梁,赵庆云.中国西北春季降水与太平洋秋季海温的异常特征及其相关分析[J].高原气象,2000,19(1):100-110.
[10]王澄海,王式功,杨德保,等.中国西北春季降水与太平洋海温相关特征的研究[J].热带气象学报,2002,18(4):374-382.
[11]杨金虎,江志红,白虎志.西北区东部夏季极端降水事件同太平洋SSTA的遥相关[J].高原气象,2008,27(2):331-338.
[12]陈海波,杨建玲,严华生,等.宁夏5月降水变化及其对前期全球SST异常的响应分析[J].高原气象,2012,31(3):752-759.
[13]谢金南,卓嘎.台风活动对青藏高原东北侧干旱的影响[J].高原气象,2000,19(2):244-252.
[14]张琼,钱正安,陈敏连.关于夏季南亚高压的进一步研究:与我国西北地区降水关系的统计分析[J].高原气象,1997,16(21):52-62.
[15]李进,李栋梁,张杰.黄河流域冬、夏季水汽输送及收支特征[J].高原气象,2012,31(2):342-350.
[16]李江林,李照荣,杨建才,等.近10年夏季西北地区水汽空间分布和时间变化分析[J].高原气象,2012,31(6):1574-1581.
[17]李栋梁,邵鹏程,王慧,等.中国东亚副热带夏季风北边缘带研究进展[J].高原气象,2013,32(1):305-314,doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00030.
[18]邵太华,张耀存.冬季北大西洋涛动对中国春季降水异常的影响[J].高原气象,2012,31(5):1225-1233.
[19]罗绍华,金祖辉,陈烈庭.印度洋和南海海温与长江中下游夏季降水的相关分析[J].大气科学,1985,9(3):336-342.
[20]闵锦忠,孙照渤,曾刚.南海和印度洋海温异常对东亚大气环流及降水的影响[J].南京气象学院学报,2000,23(4):542-548.
[21]张琼,刘平,吴国雄.印度洋和南海海温与长江中下游旱涝[J].大气科学,2003,127(16):992-1006.
[22]金祖辉,沈如桂.长江中下游涝梅和旱梅年海温场和热带环流系统的特征[J].气象科学技术集刊(11),北京:气象出版社,1987:83-88.
[23]陈烈庭.阿拉伯海南海海温距平纬向差异对长江中下游降水的影响[J].大气科学,1991,15(1):33-41.
[24]吴国雄,刘平,刘屹岷.印度洋海温异常对西太平洋副热带高压的影响—大气中的两级热力适应[J].气象学报,2000,58(5):513-522.
[25]刘屹岷,吴国雄,刘辉,等.空间非均匀加热对副热带高压形成和变异的影响Ⅲ:凝结潜热加热与南亚高压及西太平洋副高[J].气象学报,1999,57(5):525-538.
[26]杨辉,李崇银.热带太平洋—印度洋海温异常综合模对南亚高压的影响[J].大气科学,2005,29(1):99-110.
[27]琚建华,陈琳玲,李崇银.太平洋—印度洋海温异常模态及其指数定义的初步研究[J].热带气象学报,2004,20(6):617-624.
[28]Annamalai H,Liu Ping,Xie Shangping.Southwest Indian Ocean SST variability:Its local effect and remote influence on Asian monsoons[J].J Climate,2005,18(20):4150-4167.
[29]Xie Shangping,Hu Kaiming,Hafner J,et al.Indian Ocean capacitor effect on Indo-western Pacific climate during the summer following El Nino[J].J Climate,2009,22(3):730-747.
[30]Yang Jianling,Liu Qinyu,Xie Shangping,et al.Impact of the Indian Ocean SST basin mode on the Asian summer monsoon[J].Geophys Res Lett,2007,34(2),L02708,doi:10.1029/2006 GL028571.
[31]杨建玲,刘秦玉.热带印度洋SST海盆模态的“充电/放电”作用—对夏季南亚高压的影响[J].海洋学报,2008,30(2):12-19.
[32]Yang Jianling,Liu Qinyu,Liu Zhengru,et al.Basin mode of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature and Northern Hemisphere circumglobal teleconnection[J].Geophys Res Lett,2009,36(19),L19705,doi:10.1029/2009GL039559.
[33]Yang Jianling,Liu Qinyu,Liu Zhengyu.Linking Asian monsoon to Indian Ocean SST in the observation:Possible roles of Indian Ocean Basin mode and Dipole mode[J].J Climate,2010,23(21):5889-5902.
[34]杨建玲,李艳春,郑广芬,等.热带印度洋海表面温度与西北地区东部降水异常关系研究[J].高原气象,2015,34(3):690-699,doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00010.