内蒙古河套灌区不同盐碱程度土壤CH_4吸收规律
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摘要
土壤盐碱化严重威胁土地可持续利用和温室气体排放.本研究选择内蒙古河套灌区3种盐碱土壤[S1:盐化土壤,电导率(EC) 4. 80 d S·m~(-1); S2:强度盐碱土壤,电导率(EC) 2. 60 d S·m~(-1); S3:轻度盐碱土壤,电导率(EC) 0. 74 d S·m~(-1)].利用静态暗箱法野外原位观测研究盐碱土壤甲烷(CH_4)吸收规律.结果表明,不同盐碱程度土壤CH_4吸收每年均存在显著差异,2014年生长季(F=18. 0,P <0. 001),2015年生长季(F=23. 6,P <0. 001)和2016年生长季(F=28. 4,P <0. 001).轻度盐碱土壤CH_4累积吸收量最高,盐化土壤累积吸收量最低.随土壤盐碱程度加重,土壤CH_4累积吸收量降低.轻度盐碱土壤CH_4累积吸收量在2014～2016年3个生长季(4～10月)分别为150. 0、119. 6和99. 9 mg·m~(-2);重度盐碱土壤CH_4累积吸收量比轻度盐碱土壤分别降低27%、28%和19%;盐化土壤CH_4累积吸收量比轻度盐碱土壤分别降低35%、35%和53%.冗余分析表明,盐碱土壤CH_4吸收通量与土壤EC的投影在第一主成分轴正方向和反方向,土壤EC越高,CH_4吸收通量越低.土壤电导率EC是调控盐碱土壤CH_4吸收的关键因子,相关系数r为-0. 880 9 (P <0. 01,n=9).
Soil salinization poses a great threat to sustainable land use and the limitation of greenhouse gas emissions. In this study,three saline alkali soils,saline soil [electrical conductivity( EC) 4. 80 d S·m~(-1)],high saline-alkaline soil( EC 2. 60 d S·m~(-1)),and low saline-alkaline soil( EC 0. 74 d S·m~(-1)) in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia were selected as research plots. Field experiments were conducted to study the uptake of methane( CH_4) in the crop-growing season( April-October) for three years( 2014-2016) using the static box method. There were significant differences in the soil CH_4 uptake among the soil types in 2014( F = 18. 0,P < 0. 001),2015( F = 23. 6,P < 0. 001),and 2016( F = 28. 4,P < 0. 001). The uptake of CH_4 by the soil decreases with increasing soil salinity. The accumulated CH_4 uptake was 150. 0 mg·m~(-2),119. 6 mg·m~(-2),and 99. 9 mg·m~(-2) in the low salinealkaline,high saline-alkaline,and saline soil in 2014,respectively. The cumulative uptake of CH_4 was 27%,28%,and 19% lower in the high saline-alkaline soil and 35%,35%,and 53% lower in the saline soil than in the low saline-alkaline soil in 2014,2015,and 2016,respectively. Redundancy analysis shows that the projection of the CH_4 uptake flux and EC of saline-alkaline soil are in the positive direction,and in the opposite direction to the first principal component axis. The higher the soil EC,the lower the CH_4 uptake flux. Soil EC was found to be the key factor controlling the uptakes of CH_4,with a correlation coefficient( r) of-0. 880 9( P < 0. 01,n = 9).
Soil salinization poses a great threat to sustainable land use and the limitation of greenhouse gas emissions. In this study,three saline alkali soils,saline soil [electrical conductivity( EC) 4. 80 d S·m~(-1)],high saline-alkaline soil( EC 2. 60 d S·m~(-1)),and low saline-alkaline soil( EC 0. 74 d S·m~(-1)) in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia were selected as research plots. Field experiments were conducted to study the uptake of methane( CH_4) in the crop-growing season( April-October) for three years( 2014-2016) using the static box method. There were significant differences in the soil CH_4 uptake among the soil types in 2014( F = 18. 0,P < 0. 001),2015( F = 23. 6,P < 0. 001),and 2016( F = 28. 4,P < 0. 001). The uptake of CH_4 by the soil decreases with increasing soil salinity. The accumulated CH_4 uptake was 150. 0 mg·m~(-2),119. 6 mg·m~(-2),and 99. 9 mg·m~(-2) in the low salinealkaline,high saline-alkaline,and saline soil in 2014,respectively. The cumulative uptake of CH_4 was 27%,28%,and 19% lower in the high saline-alkaline soil and 35%,35%,and 53% lower in the saline soil than in the low saline-alkaline soil in 2014,2015,and 2016,respectively. Redundancy analysis shows that the projection of the CH_4 uptake flux and EC of saline-alkaline soil are in the positive direction,and in the opposite direction to the first principal component axis. The higher the soil EC,the lower the CH_4 uptake flux. Soil EC was found to be the key factor controlling the uptakes of CH_4,with a correlation coefficient( r) of-0. 880 9( P < 0. 01,n = 9).
引文
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[8]王跃思,纪宝明,黄耀,等.农垦与放牧对内蒙古草原N2O、CO2排放和CH4[J].环境科学,2001,22(6):7-13.Wang Y S,Ji B M,Huang Y,et al. Effects of grazing and cultivating on emission of nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and uptake of methane from grasslands[J]. Environmental Science,2001,22(6):7-13.
[9]张秀君,徐慧,陈冠雄.影响森林土壤N2O排放和CH4吸收的主要因素[J].环境科学,2002,23(5):8-12.Zhang X J,Xu H,Chen G X. Important factors controlling rates of N2O emission and CH4oxidation from forest soil[J].Environmental Science,2002,23(5):8-12.
[10] Pisinaras V,Tsihrintzis V A,Petalas C,et al. Soil salinization in the agricultural lands of Rhodope District,northeastern Greece[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2010,166(1-4):79-94.
[11]徐恒刚.中国盐生植被及盐渍化生态治理[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2004,11.
[12]刘全明,成秋明,王学,等.河套灌区土壤盐渍化微波雷达反演[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):109-114.Liu Q M,Cheng Q M,Wang X,et al. Soil salinity inversion in Hetao Irrigation district using microwave radar[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(16):109-114.
[13] Pathak H,Rao D L N. Carbon and Nitrogen mineralization from added organic matter in saline and alkali soils[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1998,30(6):695-702.
[14] Zhang J F,Li Z J,Ning T Y,et al. Methane uptake in saltaffected soils shows low sensitivity to salt addition[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(7):1434-1439.
[15] King G M,Schnell S. Effects of ammonium and non-ammonium salt additions on methane oxidation by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b and Maine forest soils[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1998,64(1):253-257.
[16] Whalen S C. Influence of N and non-N salts on atmospheric methane oxidation by upland boreal forest and tundra soils[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2000,31(3-4):279-287.
[17] Hart S C. Potential impacts of climate change on nitrogen transformations and greenhouse gas fluxes in forests:A soil transfer study[J]. Global Change Biology,2006,12(6):1032-1046.
[18]王遵亲.中国盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[19] Wang Y S,Wang Y H. Quick measurement of CH4,CO2and N2O emissions from a short-plant ecosystem[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2003,20(5):842-844.
[20] Osudar R,MatousúA,Alawi M,et al. Environmental factors affecting methane distribution and bacterial methane oxidation in the German Bight(North Sea)[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2015,160:10-21.
[21] Wang Z W,Hao X Y,Shan D,et al. Influence of increasing temperature and nitrogen input on greenhouse gas emissions from a desert steppe soil in Inner Mongolia[J]. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2011,57(4):508-518.
[22] Zhuang Q L,Chen M,Xu K,et al. Response of global soil consumption of atmospheric methane to changes in atmospheric climate and nitrogen deposition[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2013,27(3):650-663.
[23] Wang Y F,Chen H,Zhu Q A,et al. Soil methane uptake by grasslands and forests in China[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,74,70-81.
[24] Unteregelsbacher S, Gasche R, Lipp L, et al. Increased methane uptake but unchanged nitrous oxide flux in montane grasslands under simulated climate change conditions[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2013,64(5):586-596.
[25] Sjogersten S, Wookey P A. Spatio-temporal variability and environmental controls of methane fluxes at the forest-tundra ecotone in the fennoscandian mountains[J]. Global Change Biology,2002,8(9):885-894.
[26] Silva N S,Encinas C V,Marsch R,et al. Aerobic methaneoxidizing communities in saline alkaline and arable soils[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2014,185(S1):S59.
[27] Zhang L H,Song L P,Zhang L W,et al. Diurnal dynamics of CH4,CO2and N2O fluxes in the saline-alkaline soils of the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology,2015,149(4):797-805.
[28] Serrano-Silva N, Valenzuela-Encinas C, Marsch R, et al.Changes in methane oxidation activity and methanotrophic community composition in saline alkaline soils[J].Extremophiles,2014,18(3):561-571.
[29] Bartlett K B, Bartlett D S, Harriss R C, et al. Methane emissions along a salt marsh salinity gradient[J].Biogeochemistry,1987,4(3):183-202.
[30] Saari A,Smolander A,Martikainen P J. Methane consumption in a frequently nitrogen-fertilized and limed spruce forest soil after clear-cutting[J]. Soil Use and Management,2004,20(1):65-73.
[31]郑聚锋,张平究,潘根兴,等.长期不同施肥下水稻土甲烷氧化能力及甲烷氧化菌多样性的变化[J].生态学报,2008,28(10):4865-4872.Zheng J F,Zhang P J,Pan G X,et al. Effect of long-term different fertilization on methane oxidation potential and diversity of methanotrophs of paddy soil[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(10):4865-4872.
[32] Le Mer J, Roger P. Production, oxidation, emission and consumption of methane by soils:a review[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology,2001,7(1):25-35.
[33] Valenzuela-Encinas C, Alcántara-Hernández R J, EstradaAlvarado I,et al. The archaeal diversity and population in a drained alkaline saline soil of the former lake Texcoco(Mexico)[J]. Geomicrobiology Journal,2012,29(1):18-22.
[34]杨铭德,焦燕,李新,等.基于实时荧光定量PCR技术对不同盐碱程度土壤甲烷氧化菌比活性的研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(5):797-803.Yang M D, Jiao Y, Li X, et al. Specific activity of Methanotrophs in saline-alkaline soils retrieved from a fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR technique[J]. Ecology and Environment Sciences,2015,24(5):797-803.
[35]邓永翠.青藏高原湿地好氧甲烷氧化菌的群落多样性及活性研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2013.
[36]李新,焦燕,代钢,等.内蒙古河套灌区不同盐碱程度的土壤细菌群落多样性[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):249-260.Li X,Jiao Y,Dai G,et al. Soil bacterial community diversity under different degrees of saline-alkaline in the Hetao Area of Inner Mongolia[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(1):249-260.
[37]周晓兵,张元明,陶冶,等.新疆古尔班通古特沙漠土壤N2O、CH4和CO2通量及其对氮沉降增加的响应[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(3):290-300.Zhou X B,Zhang Y M,Tao Y,et al. Effluxes of nitrous oxide,methane and carbon dioxide and their responses to increasing nitrogen deposition in the Gurbantünggüt Desert of Xinjiang,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2017,41(3):290-300.
[2]江长胜,王跃思,郑循华,等.耕作制度对川中丘陵区冬灌田CH4和N2O排放的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(2):207-213.Jiang C S,Wang Y S,Zheng X H,et al. Effects of tillagecropping systems on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from permanently flooded rice fields in a central Sichuan Hilly Area of Southwest China[J]. Environmental Science,2006,27(2):207-213.
[3]焦燕,黄耀,宗良纲,等.氮肥水平对不同土壤CH4排放的影响[J].环境科学,2005,26(3):21-24.Jiao Y,Huang Y,Zong L G,et al. Impact of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on CH4emission from different paddy soils[J].Environmental Science,2005,26(3):21-24.
[4]邹建文,黄耀,宗良纲,等.不同种类有机肥施用对稻田CH4和N2O排放的综合影响[J].环境科学,2003,24(4):7-12.Zou J W,Huang Y,Zong L G,et al. Integrated effect of incorporation with different organic manures on CH4and N2O emissions from rice paddy[J]. Environmental Science,2003,24(4):7-12.
[5]胡正华,凌慧,陈书涛,等. UV-B增强对稻田呼吸速率、CH4和N2O排放的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(10):3018-3022.Hu Z H,Ling H,Chen S T,et al. Impacts of enhanced UV-B radiation on respiration rate,CH4and N2O emission fluxes from rice paddy[J]. Environmental Science,2011,32(10):3018-3022.
[6] Striegl R G,Mc Connaughey T A,Thorstenson O C,et al.Consumption of atmospheric methane by desert soils[J]. Nature,1992,357(6374):145-147.
[7] Lowe D C. A green source of surprise[J]. Nature,2006,439(7073):148-149.
[8]王跃思,纪宝明,黄耀,等.农垦与放牧对内蒙古草原N2O、CO2排放和CH4[J].环境科学,2001,22(6):7-13.Wang Y S,Ji B M,Huang Y,et al. Effects of grazing and cultivating on emission of nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and uptake of methane from grasslands[J]. Environmental Science,2001,22(6):7-13.
[9]张秀君,徐慧,陈冠雄.影响森林土壤N2O排放和CH4吸收的主要因素[J].环境科学,2002,23(5):8-12.Zhang X J,Xu H,Chen G X. Important factors controlling rates of N2O emission and CH4oxidation from forest soil[J].Environmental Science,2002,23(5):8-12.
[10] Pisinaras V,Tsihrintzis V A,Petalas C,et al. Soil salinization in the agricultural lands of Rhodope District,northeastern Greece[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2010,166(1-4):79-94.
[11]徐恒刚.中国盐生植被及盐渍化生态治理[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2004,11.
[12]刘全明,成秋明,王学,等.河套灌区土壤盐渍化微波雷达反演[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):109-114.Liu Q M,Cheng Q M,Wang X,et al. Soil salinity inversion in Hetao Irrigation district using microwave radar[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(16):109-114.
[13] Pathak H,Rao D L N. Carbon and Nitrogen mineralization from added organic matter in saline and alkali soils[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1998,30(6):695-702.
[14] Zhang J F,Li Z J,Ning T Y,et al. Methane uptake in saltaffected soils shows low sensitivity to salt addition[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(7):1434-1439.
[15] King G M,Schnell S. Effects of ammonium and non-ammonium salt additions on methane oxidation by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b and Maine forest soils[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1998,64(1):253-257.
[16] Whalen S C. Influence of N and non-N salts on atmospheric methane oxidation by upland boreal forest and tundra soils[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2000,31(3-4):279-287.
[17] Hart S C. Potential impacts of climate change on nitrogen transformations and greenhouse gas fluxes in forests:A soil transfer study[J]. Global Change Biology,2006,12(6):1032-1046.
[18]王遵亲.中国盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[19] Wang Y S,Wang Y H. Quick measurement of CH4,CO2and N2O emissions from a short-plant ecosystem[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2003,20(5):842-844.
[20] Osudar R,MatousúA,Alawi M,et al. Environmental factors affecting methane distribution and bacterial methane oxidation in the German Bight(North Sea)[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2015,160:10-21.
[21] Wang Z W,Hao X Y,Shan D,et al. Influence of increasing temperature and nitrogen input on greenhouse gas emissions from a desert steppe soil in Inner Mongolia[J]. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2011,57(4):508-518.
[22] Zhuang Q L,Chen M,Xu K,et al. Response of global soil consumption of atmospheric methane to changes in atmospheric climate and nitrogen deposition[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2013,27(3):650-663.
[23] Wang Y F,Chen H,Zhu Q A,et al. Soil methane uptake by grasslands and forests in China[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,74,70-81.
[24] Unteregelsbacher S, Gasche R, Lipp L, et al. Increased methane uptake but unchanged nitrous oxide flux in montane grasslands under simulated climate change conditions[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2013,64(5):586-596.
[25] Sjogersten S, Wookey P A. Spatio-temporal variability and environmental controls of methane fluxes at the forest-tundra ecotone in the fennoscandian mountains[J]. Global Change Biology,2002,8(9):885-894.
[26] Silva N S,Encinas C V,Marsch R,et al. Aerobic methaneoxidizing communities in saline alkaline and arable soils[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2014,185(S1):S59.
[27] Zhang L H,Song L P,Zhang L W,et al. Diurnal dynamics of CH4,CO2and N2O fluxes in the saline-alkaline soils of the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology,2015,149(4):797-805.
[28] Serrano-Silva N, Valenzuela-Encinas C, Marsch R, et al.Changes in methane oxidation activity and methanotrophic community composition in saline alkaline soils[J].Extremophiles,2014,18(3):561-571.
[29] Bartlett K B, Bartlett D S, Harriss R C, et al. Methane emissions along a salt marsh salinity gradient[J].Biogeochemistry,1987,4(3):183-202.
[30] Saari A,Smolander A,Martikainen P J. Methane consumption in a frequently nitrogen-fertilized and limed spruce forest soil after clear-cutting[J]. Soil Use and Management,2004,20(1):65-73.
[31]郑聚锋,张平究,潘根兴,等.长期不同施肥下水稻土甲烷氧化能力及甲烷氧化菌多样性的变化[J].生态学报,2008,28(10):4865-4872.Zheng J F,Zhang P J,Pan G X,et al. Effect of long-term different fertilization on methane oxidation potential and diversity of methanotrophs of paddy soil[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(10):4865-4872.
[32] Le Mer J, Roger P. Production, oxidation, emission and consumption of methane by soils:a review[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology,2001,7(1):25-35.
[33] Valenzuela-Encinas C, Alcántara-Hernández R J, EstradaAlvarado I,et al. The archaeal diversity and population in a drained alkaline saline soil of the former lake Texcoco(Mexico)[J]. Geomicrobiology Journal,2012,29(1):18-22.
[34]杨铭德,焦燕,李新,等.基于实时荧光定量PCR技术对不同盐碱程度土壤甲烷氧化菌比活性的研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(5):797-803.Yang M D, Jiao Y, Li X, et al. Specific activity of Methanotrophs in saline-alkaline soils retrieved from a fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR technique[J]. Ecology and Environment Sciences,2015,24(5):797-803.
[35]邓永翠.青藏高原湿地好氧甲烷氧化菌的群落多样性及活性研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2013.
[36]李新,焦燕,代钢,等.内蒙古河套灌区不同盐碱程度的土壤细菌群落多样性[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):249-260.Li X,Jiao Y,Dai G,et al. Soil bacterial community diversity under different degrees of saline-alkaline in the Hetao Area of Inner Mongolia[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(1):249-260.
[37]周晓兵,张元明,陶冶,等.新疆古尔班通古特沙漠土壤N2O、CH4和CO2通量及其对氮沉降增加的响应[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(3):290-300.Zhou X B,Zhang Y M,Tao Y,et al. Effluxes of nitrous oxide,methane and carbon dioxide and their responses to increasing nitrogen deposition in the Gurbantünggüt Desert of Xinjiang,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2017,41(3):290-300.
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