云南地方小米辣资源与分布特点
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摘要
通过查阅整理相关资料,以实地调查为主,基层农科人员座谈和走访农户为辅的方式对云南13个地州29个县市小米辣资源进行实地调查,分析云南小米辣资源分布特点、种类和民族利用现状,摸清云南小米辣分布特征及资源应用状况,保护云南小米辣遗传多样性并进一步科学开发利用。调查收集到小米辣资源86份,分属黄白壳、浅绿壳、绿壳、深绿壳、紫黑壳、金黄色6种类型,其中黄白壳、浅绿壳资源类型分布地域广泛,紫黑壳、金黄色资源类型分布区域狭窄;滇南低海拔区域小米辣资源分布种类最为集中,分布数量及种类随着海拔升高而逐渐减少;低海拔气温高的地区小米辣果形小,果味辣;随海拔的逐渐升高,果形逐渐增大,果肉增厚,辣味逐渐减少。傣族、哈尼族对小米辣资源的利用最为普遍,资源保存最为丰富,回族、傈僳族小米辣资源利用较少,资源保存较少。本研究为云南小米辣资源分类、保护与开发利用提供建议和基础数据。
Taking advantage of the consulting and sorting relevant data of millet spicy resources,Based on?eld investigation,discuss with grassroots agricultural personnel and visit farmers as a supplement,we carried out a ?eld survey at 29 counties of 13 prefectures in Yunnan Province. Analyzed the distribution characteristics,species and national utilization status of millet spicy resources in yunnan province,found out the distribution characteristics and resource application status of millet spicy resources in yunnan province,protected the millet spicy genetic diversity and further developed and utilized it in a scienti?c way.86 of millet spicy resources were obtained,including six types of yellow and white shells,shallow green shells,green shells,dark green shells,purple black shells and golden yellow shells. Among them,the resource types of yellow-white shell and pale green shell are widely distributed,while those of purple-black shell and golden shell are narrow distributed. These accessions were over-represented at the low altitude regions,southern parts of Yunnan. The density gradually decreased with the elevation of altitude. For instance,the germplasms found at areas with low altitude and high temperature were small and fruity. The altitude of germplasms showed positive correlation with the fruit shape and pulp thickened,but negative correlation with the spicy ?avor. Dai and hani nationalities make the most common use and the most abundant preservation of millet spicy resources. Hui and lisu nationalities make less use and less preservation of millet spicy resources. Taken together,this study provided information and datasets for the classi?cation,protection and development of Yunnan′s millet spicy resources.
Taking advantage of the consulting and sorting relevant data of millet spicy resources,Based on?eld investigation,discuss with grassroots agricultural personnel and visit farmers as a supplement,we carried out a ?eld survey at 29 counties of 13 prefectures in Yunnan Province. Analyzed the distribution characteristics,species and national utilization status of millet spicy resources in yunnan province,found out the distribution characteristics and resource application status of millet spicy resources in yunnan province,protected the millet spicy genetic diversity and further developed and utilized it in a scienti?c way.86 of millet spicy resources were obtained,including six types of yellow and white shells,shallow green shells,green shells,dark green shells,purple black shells and golden yellow shells. Among them,the resource types of yellow-white shell and pale green shell are widely distributed,while those of purple-black shell and golden shell are narrow distributed. These accessions were over-represented at the low altitude regions,southern parts of Yunnan. The density gradually decreased with the elevation of altitude. For instance,the germplasms found at areas with low altitude and high temperature were small and fruity. The altitude of germplasms showed positive correlation with the fruit shape and pulp thickened,but negative correlation with the spicy ?avor. Dai and hani nationalities make the most common use and the most abundant preservation of millet spicy resources. Hui and lisu nationalities make less use and less preservation of millet spicy resources. Taken together,this study provided information and datasets for the classi?cation,protection and development of Yunnan′s millet spicy resources.
引文
[1]《云南农业地理》编写组.云南农业地理·昆明:云南人民出版社,1981:31-38Agricultural Geography of Yunnan Compiling Group. Agricultural geography of Yunnan. Kunming:The Peoples Press of Yunnan,1981:31-38
[2]苏艳,杨忠义,曹永生,刘义富,陈晓艳,奎丽梅,刘晓利·云南作物资源特征特性及生态地理分布研究XVI.蔬菜资源的多样性分布研究·植物遗传资源学报,2012, 13(1):52-56Su Y,Yang Z Y,Cao Y S,Liu Y F,Chen X Y,Kui L M,Liu X L. Characteristics and geographical distribution of Yunnan crops resources XVI·Distribution diversity of vegetable germplasm in stress resistance-Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2012, 13(1):52-56
[3]戴陆园,刘旭,黄兴奇·云南特有少数民族的农业生物资源及其传统文化知识·北京:科学出版社,2013:2-21Dai L Y, Liu X, Huang X Q-The unique agricultural biological resources and traditional cultural knowledge of Yunnan minorities-Beijing:Academic Press, 2013:2-21
[4]刘旭,郑殿升,黄兴奇·云南及周边地区农业生物资源调查·北京:科学出版社,2013:236-382Liu X, Zheng D S, Huang X Q-Investigation of agricultural biological resources in Yunnan and its surrounding Areas.Beijing:Academic Press, 2013:236-382
[5]李卫芬,刘发万,高玉蓉,秦荣,董廷伟·云南少数民族对蔬菜资源的利用和保护·植物遗传资源学报,2017, 18(6):1145-1150Li W F, Liu F W, Gao Y R, Qin R, Dong T W. Utilization and conservation on vegetable germplasm resource of minority nationality in Yunnan province. Journal of Plant GeneticResources, 2017, 18(6):1145-1150
[6]郑殿升,游承俐,高爱农,李立会,刘旭·云南及周边地区少数民族对农业生物资源的保护与利用·植物遗传资源学报,2012, 13(5):699-703Zheng D S, You C L, Gao A N, Li L H, Liu X. Conservation and utilization on biological resources of agriculture of minority nationality in Yunnan province and its peripheral area. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2012, 13(5):699-703
[7]李卫芬,林立飞,秦荣,刘发万·云南民族特用蔬菜资源文化调查·西南农业学报,2010, 23(3):976-980Li W F, Lin L F, Qin R, Liu F W. Nvestigationon species resources of vegetable culture in ethnic groups. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 23(3):976-980
[8]王宝森,白红丽,郭俊明,张虹,刘贵阳·红河州小米辣中矿物元素比较·江苏农业科学,2010(5):149Wang B S, Bai H L, Guo J M, Zhang H, Liu G Y. Comparison of mineral elements of millet spicy in Honghe Yunnan·Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural Science, 2010(5):149
[9]王宝森,白红丽,郭俊明,张虹,刘贵阳·云南金平小米辣微量元素含量分析·食品科技,2010(2):280-282Wang B S, Bai H L, Guo J M, Zhang H, Liu G Y. Analysis of minor elements in xiaomi capsicum frutescensL in Jinping,Yunnan province. Food Science and Technology, 2010(2):280-282
[10]王宝森,白红丽,郭俊明,张虹·云南石屏那刀辣与小米辣矿质元素含量分析·安徽农业科学,2010, 38(6):2768-2769,2771Wang B S, Bai H L, Guo J M, Zhang H-Analysison mineral element contentsin nadao capsicum and Xiaomi capsicum from Shiping of Yunnan province. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science, 2010, 38(6):2768-2769, 2771
[11]刘旭,游承俐,戴陆园·云南及周边地区少数民族传统文化与农业生物资源·北京:科学出版社,2014:61-103Liu X, You C L, Dai L Y.Traditional culture and agricultural biological resources of ethnic minorities in Yunnan and surrounding areas. Beijing:Academic Press, 2014:61-103
[12]陈光,游承俐,胡忠荣,沈镝,李立会,刘旭·西双版纳少数民族地区主要作物地方品种调查与分析·植物遗传资源学报,2010, 11(3):335-342Chen G, You C L, Hu Z R, Shen D, Li L H, Liu X. Investigation of landrace resources of main crops in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province-Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2010, 11(3):335-342
[13]王艳杰,王艳丽,焦爱霞,才吉卓玛,杨京彪,阮仁超,薛达元·民族传统文化对农作物遗传多样性的影响-以贵州黎平县香禾糯资源为例·自然资源学报,2015,30(4):617-628Wang Y J, Wang Y L, Jiao A X, Cai J Z M, Yang J B, Ruan R C, Xue D Y. Effects of national traditional culture on genetic diversity of crops-a case study of Xianghe glutinous resources in Liping County, Guizhou Province. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015,30(4):617-628
[14] Anoumaa M, Yao N K, Kouam E B. Genetic diversity and core collection for potato(Solanum tuberosum L-)cultivars from cameroon as revealed by SSR markers.Am J Potato Res, 2017,94(4):449-463
[15]Chen R, Hara T,Ohsawa R,Yoshioka Y.Analysis of genetic diversity of rapeseed genetic resources in Japan and core collectionconstruction-Breeding Science, 2017, 67(3):239-247
[16]张爱民,阳文龙,方红曼,吕慧颖,邓向东,葛毅强,魏珣,杨维才·作物种质资源研究态势分析·植物遗传资源学报,2018,19(3):377-382Zhang A M, Yang W L, Fang H M, Lv H Y, Deng X D, Ge Y Q, Wei X, Yang W C-Current status of research on crop genetic germplasms. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2018,19(3):377-382
[17]耿三省,陈斌,张晓芬,杜和山·我国辣椒品种市场需求变化趋势及育种对策·中国蔬菜,2015(3):1-5Geng S S, Chen B, Zhang X F, Du H S-The trend of market demand and breeding countermeasures of pepper varieties in China-China Vegetables, 2015(3):1-5
[18]王利群,张西露,戴雄泽·我国辣椒资源分类研究现状及探讨·辣椒杂志,2015(2):1-8Wang L Q, Zhang X L, Dai X Z-Study on the classification of pepper resources in China. Chili Magazine, 2015(2):1-8
[19]须海丽,邓代言,杨抑权,罗鹏·贵州地方辣椒品种主要经济性状的初步研究·贵州农业科学,2004, 32(3):43-44Xu H L, Deng D Y, Yang L Q, Luo P. Main quantitativecharacters of local hot peppers in Guizhou. Journal of Guizhou Agricultural Science, 2004, 32(3):43-44
[20]戴雄泽,陈文超,张竹青,熊科,刘志敏·不同辣度辣椒资源果实主要性状研究·湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2008(4):433-437Dai X Z, Chen W C, Zhang Z Q, Xiong K, Liu Z M. On main fruit characteristics of capsicum germplasm with different pungency degree. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University:Natural Sciences, 2008,34(4):433-437
[21]夏碧波,李颖,王恒明,李涛,徐小万,吴智明·国外引进辣椒资源形态学性状的聚类分析·分子植物育种,2017,15(8):3318-3330Xia B B, Li Y, Wang H M, Li T,Xu X W, Wu Z M. Cluster analysis of morphological traits of hot pepper germplasm introduced from abroad. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2017,15(8):3318-3330
[22]林清,雷开荣,吴红·加工型辣椒资源RAPD聚类分析·中国蔬菜,2006(S):70-72Lin Q, Lei K R, Wu H. RAPD Cluster analysis of processed pepper resources. China Vegetables, 2006(S):70-72
[2]苏艳,杨忠义,曹永生,刘义富,陈晓艳,奎丽梅,刘晓利·云南作物资源特征特性及生态地理分布研究XVI.蔬菜资源的多样性分布研究·植物遗传资源学报,2012, 13(1):52-56Su Y,Yang Z Y,Cao Y S,Liu Y F,Chen X Y,Kui L M,Liu X L. Characteristics and geographical distribution of Yunnan crops resources XVI·Distribution diversity of vegetable germplasm in stress resistance-Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2012, 13(1):52-56
[3]戴陆园,刘旭,黄兴奇·云南特有少数民族的农业生物资源及其传统文化知识·北京:科学出版社,2013:2-21Dai L Y, Liu X, Huang X Q-The unique agricultural biological resources and traditional cultural knowledge of Yunnan minorities-Beijing:Academic Press, 2013:2-21
[4]刘旭,郑殿升,黄兴奇·云南及周边地区农业生物资源调查·北京:科学出版社,2013:236-382Liu X, Zheng D S, Huang X Q-Investigation of agricultural biological resources in Yunnan and its surrounding Areas.Beijing:Academic Press, 2013:236-382
[5]李卫芬,刘发万,高玉蓉,秦荣,董廷伟·云南少数民族对蔬菜资源的利用和保护·植物遗传资源学报,2017, 18(6):1145-1150Li W F, Liu F W, Gao Y R, Qin R, Dong T W. Utilization and conservation on vegetable germplasm resource of minority nationality in Yunnan province. Journal of Plant GeneticResources, 2017, 18(6):1145-1150
[6]郑殿升,游承俐,高爱农,李立会,刘旭·云南及周边地区少数民族对农业生物资源的保护与利用·植物遗传资源学报,2012, 13(5):699-703Zheng D S, You C L, Gao A N, Li L H, Liu X. Conservation and utilization on biological resources of agriculture of minority nationality in Yunnan province and its peripheral area. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2012, 13(5):699-703
[7]李卫芬,林立飞,秦荣,刘发万·云南民族特用蔬菜资源文化调查·西南农业学报,2010, 23(3):976-980Li W F, Lin L F, Qin R, Liu F W. Nvestigationon species resources of vegetable culture in ethnic groups. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 23(3):976-980
[8]王宝森,白红丽,郭俊明,张虹,刘贵阳·红河州小米辣中矿物元素比较·江苏农业科学,2010(5):149Wang B S, Bai H L, Guo J M, Zhang H, Liu G Y. Comparison of mineral elements of millet spicy in Honghe Yunnan·Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural Science, 2010(5):149
[9]王宝森,白红丽,郭俊明,张虹,刘贵阳·云南金平小米辣微量元素含量分析·食品科技,2010(2):280-282Wang B S, Bai H L, Guo J M, Zhang H, Liu G Y. Analysis of minor elements in xiaomi capsicum frutescensL in Jinping,Yunnan province. Food Science and Technology, 2010(2):280-282
[10]王宝森,白红丽,郭俊明,张虹·云南石屏那刀辣与小米辣矿质元素含量分析·安徽农业科学,2010, 38(6):2768-2769,2771Wang B S, Bai H L, Guo J M, Zhang H-Analysison mineral element contentsin nadao capsicum and Xiaomi capsicum from Shiping of Yunnan province. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science, 2010, 38(6):2768-2769, 2771
[11]刘旭,游承俐,戴陆园·云南及周边地区少数民族传统文化与农业生物资源·北京:科学出版社,2014:61-103Liu X, You C L, Dai L Y.Traditional culture and agricultural biological resources of ethnic minorities in Yunnan and surrounding areas. Beijing:Academic Press, 2014:61-103
[12]陈光,游承俐,胡忠荣,沈镝,李立会,刘旭·西双版纳少数民族地区主要作物地方品种调查与分析·植物遗传资源学报,2010, 11(3):335-342Chen G, You C L, Hu Z R, Shen D, Li L H, Liu X. Investigation of landrace resources of main crops in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province-Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2010, 11(3):335-342
[13]王艳杰,王艳丽,焦爱霞,才吉卓玛,杨京彪,阮仁超,薛达元·民族传统文化对农作物遗传多样性的影响-以贵州黎平县香禾糯资源为例·自然资源学报,2015,30(4):617-628Wang Y J, Wang Y L, Jiao A X, Cai J Z M, Yang J B, Ruan R C, Xue D Y. Effects of national traditional culture on genetic diversity of crops-a case study of Xianghe glutinous resources in Liping County, Guizhou Province. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015,30(4):617-628
[14] Anoumaa M, Yao N K, Kouam E B. Genetic diversity and core collection for potato(Solanum tuberosum L-)cultivars from cameroon as revealed by SSR markers.Am J Potato Res, 2017,94(4):449-463
[15]Chen R, Hara T,Ohsawa R,Yoshioka Y.Analysis of genetic diversity of rapeseed genetic resources in Japan and core collectionconstruction-Breeding Science, 2017, 67(3):239-247
[16]张爱民,阳文龙,方红曼,吕慧颖,邓向东,葛毅强,魏珣,杨维才·作物种质资源研究态势分析·植物遗传资源学报,2018,19(3):377-382Zhang A M, Yang W L, Fang H M, Lv H Y, Deng X D, Ge Y Q, Wei X, Yang W C-Current status of research on crop genetic germplasms. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2018,19(3):377-382
[17]耿三省,陈斌,张晓芬,杜和山·我国辣椒品种市场需求变化趋势及育种对策·中国蔬菜,2015(3):1-5Geng S S, Chen B, Zhang X F, Du H S-The trend of market demand and breeding countermeasures of pepper varieties in China-China Vegetables, 2015(3):1-5
[18]王利群,张西露,戴雄泽·我国辣椒资源分类研究现状及探讨·辣椒杂志,2015(2):1-8Wang L Q, Zhang X L, Dai X Z-Study on the classification of pepper resources in China. Chili Magazine, 2015(2):1-8
[19]须海丽,邓代言,杨抑权,罗鹏·贵州地方辣椒品种主要经济性状的初步研究·贵州农业科学,2004, 32(3):43-44Xu H L, Deng D Y, Yang L Q, Luo P. Main quantitativecharacters of local hot peppers in Guizhou. Journal of Guizhou Agricultural Science, 2004, 32(3):43-44
[20]戴雄泽,陈文超,张竹青,熊科,刘志敏·不同辣度辣椒资源果实主要性状研究·湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2008(4):433-437Dai X Z, Chen W C, Zhang Z Q, Xiong K, Liu Z M. On main fruit characteristics of capsicum germplasm with different pungency degree. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University:Natural Sciences, 2008,34(4):433-437
[21]夏碧波,李颖,王恒明,李涛,徐小万,吴智明·国外引进辣椒资源形态学性状的聚类分析·分子植物育种,2017,15(8):3318-3330Xia B B, Li Y, Wang H M, Li T,Xu X W, Wu Z M. Cluster analysis of morphological traits of hot pepper germplasm introduced from abroad. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2017,15(8):3318-3330
[22]林清,雷开荣,吴红·加工型辣椒资源RAPD聚类分析·中国蔬菜,2006(S):70-72Lin Q, Lei K R, Wu H. RAPD Cluster analysis of processed pepper resources. China Vegetables, 2006(S):70-72