自然灾害应急救助的公众参与途径及有序参与评判标准
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摘要
我国自然灾害频发、分布广泛,并有不断发展演变的趋势,这种情况下转变政府角色,调动社会各个阶层的力量,与公众形成合力,才能从根本上解决应急救助效率和效果差强人意的问题。从参与作用的角度分析公众参与的主体,并基于自然灾害生命周期理论提出公众参与的途径,最后提出公众有序参与的评判标准,指出有秩序性、理性、依法性和适度性是有序参与应急救助的保证,研究结果为公众有序参与应急救助的实践提供理论依据和方法支持。
Natural disasters occur frequently and distribute widely in China, and there is a trend of continuous development and evolution.Therefore, only by changing the role of the government, mobilizing all sectors of society to form joint efforts with the public, we can fundamentally solve the problem of inefficiency and poor effectiveness of emergency relief. From the perspective of participation role, we analyzed the subjects of public participation, and presented the ways of public participation according to the life cycle of natural disasters. Finally, we proposed judgment standards for orderly participation, and concluded that orderliness, rationality, legality and appropriateness are necessary for orderly participation in natural disaster emergency relief. The research results could provide theoretical basis and methodical support for public orderly participation in emergency relief.
Natural disasters occur frequently and distribute widely in China, and there is a trend of continuous development and evolution.Therefore, only by changing the role of the government, mobilizing all sectors of society to form joint efforts with the public, we can fundamentally solve the problem of inefficiency and poor effectiveness of emergency relief. From the perspective of participation role, we analyzed the subjects of public participation, and presented the ways of public participation according to the life cycle of natural disasters. Finally, we proposed judgment standards for orderly participation, and concluded that orderliness, rationality, legality and appropriateness are necessary for orderly participation in natural disaster emergency relief. The research results could provide theoretical basis and methodical support for public orderly participation in emergency relief.
引文
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[14] 任冠东.我国志愿者行为有序管理研究[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2015.
[15] 巩玲君,张纪海,李冰.考虑原材料保障的灾后应急物资动员生产问题研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2018,38(10):2600-2610.
[16] 顾华详.公民参与社会管理的法治路径探讨[J].中国浦东干部学院学报,2013,7(1):89-95+105.
[17] 张宇.行为引导与控制:提升公民政策参与有序性的双重路径[J].中国行政管理,2016(10):94-99.
[2] Vallance,Suzanne.Disaster recovery as participation:lessons from the Shaky Isles[J].Natural Hazards,2015,75(2):1287-1301.
[3] Wex F,Schryen G,Feuerriegel S,et al.Emergency response in natural disaster management:Allocation and scheduling of rescue units[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2014,235(3):697-708.
[4] Chandrasekhar D,Zhang Y,Yu X,et al.Nontraditional Participation in Disaster Recovery Planning:Cases From China,India,and the United States[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,2014,80(4):373-384.
[5] Dunlop A L,Logue K M,Vaidyanathan L,et al.Facilitators and Barriers for Effective Academic-Community Collaboration for Disaster Preparedness and Response[J].Journal of Public Health Management and Practice,2016,22(3):E20-8.
[6] 林鸿潮.我国非常规突发事件国家救助标准制度之完善——以美国“9.11事件”的救助经验为借鉴[J].法商研究,2015,32(2):24-34.
[7] 谢起慧,褚建勋.基于社交媒体的公众参与政府危机传播研究——中美案例比较视角[J].中国软科学,2016(3):130-140.
[8] 董天美,张鸣.灾害救助中中国政府与非营利组织互动模式研究[J].求是学刊,2017,44(5):67-75.
[9] 张骞文.气象灾害应急动员协同治理研究[J].理论与改革,2015(3):116-118.
[10] 余永庆.公共危机治理中的社会动员问题研究[J].中国市场,2018(31):107-109.
[11] 薛莹莹.突发事件中的应急社会动员机制研究[J].现代商贸工业,2018(3):133-134.
[12] 约翰·克莱顿·托马斯.公共决策中的公民参与[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2010.
[13] Heath R.Crisis Management for Managers and Executives[M].London/Sam Francisce Fimamcial Times Ritman publishing,1998.
[14] 任冠东.我国志愿者行为有序管理研究[D].长沙:湖南师范大学,2015.
[15] 巩玲君,张纪海,李冰.考虑原材料保障的灾后应急物资动员生产问题研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2018,38(10):2600-2610.
[16] 顾华详.公民参与社会管理的法治路径探讨[J].中国浦东干部学院学报,2013,7(1):89-95+105.
[17] 张宇.行为引导与控制:提升公民政策参与有序性的双重路径[J].中国行政管理,2016(10):94-99.
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