大斜度井各向异性地层双感应测井响应特征研究
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摘要
电性各向异性广泛存在于砂泥岩薄互层、裂缝地层及泥页岩储层等非常规油气藏,受井斜及各向异性影响,电测井仪器响应复杂,极大地增加了储层测井评价难度。为明确大斜度井/水平井中双感应测井响应特征,基于赫兹位函数,给出了各向异性地层双感应测井解析解,研究了井斜角度、电阻率对比度及各向异性系数等对双感应测井的影响,并初步探索了双感应测井对各向异性的识别能力。模拟结果表明,井斜角小于30°,双感应测井主要反映地层水平电导率,无各向异性识别能力;随着井斜角度的增大,双感应测井响应由水平电阻率向垂直电阻率过渡,地层界面处出现犄角;深感应测井响应对各向异性的敏感性大于中感应测井响应,且井斜角度及各向异性系数越大,双感应测井各向异性识别能力愈强。
Electrical anisotropy is commonly developed in unconventional reservoirs such as laminated sand/shale formation,fractured and shale reservoirs.Effected by borehole inclination and formation anisotropy,the responses of electric logging tools become much more complex,which significantly increases the difficulty of accurate evaluation of reservoir.To identify the response characteristics of dual induction tool in high angle and horizontal wells,the analytical solution of dual induction logging is derived on the basis of Hertz potential function.Then,the effects of deviation angle,the resistivity contrast,anisotropy coefficient,are investigated.Numerical simulation results show that dual induction tool can accurately measure the horizontal resistivity as the dipping is lower than 30 degree.With the increase of inclination,the measured resistivity of dual induction tool is varied from horizontal resistivity to vertical resistivity.Meanwhile,large horn could be observed at the formation boundary.Deep induction response is more sensitive to anisotropy compared with medium induction,and the bigger dipping angle and anisotropy coefficient are,the stronger the ability to identify anisotropy will be.
Electrical anisotropy is commonly developed in unconventional reservoirs such as laminated sand/shale formation,fractured and shale reservoirs.Effected by borehole inclination and formation anisotropy,the responses of electric logging tools become much more complex,which significantly increases the difficulty of accurate evaluation of reservoir.To identify the response characteristics of dual induction tool in high angle and horizontal wells,the analytical solution of dual induction logging is derived on the basis of Hertz potential function.Then,the effects of deviation angle,the resistivity contrast,anisotropy coefficient,are investigated.Numerical simulation results show that dual induction tool can accurately measure the horizontal resistivity as the dipping is lower than 30 degree.With the increase of inclination,the measured resistivity of dual induction tool is varied from horizontal resistivity to vertical resistivity.Meanwhile,large horn could be observed at the formation boundary.Deep induction response is more sensitive to anisotropy compared with medium induction,and the bigger dipping angle and anisotropy coefficient are,the stronger the ability to identify anisotropy will be.
引文
[1]James D Klein.Induction Log Anisotropy Corrections[J].The Log Analyst,1993,34(2):18-27.
[2]汪宏年,杨善德,王艳.各向异性地层中电阻率测井的响应特征[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(6):649-657.
[3]高杰,谢然红.大斜度井侧向测井三维正演数值模拟及曲线快速校正方法研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):69-71.
[4]邓少贵,仝兆岐,范宜仁.各向异性倾斜地层双侧向测井响应数值模拟[J].石油学报,2006,27(3):61-64.
[5]范宜仁,李虎,胡云云,等.倾斜各向异性地层随钻电磁波响应模拟[J].电波科学学报,2013,28(5):994-998.
[6]Hardman R H,Shen L C.Theory of Induction Sonde in Dipping Beds[J].Geophysics,1986,51(3):800-809.
[7]Hardman R H,Shen L C.Charts for Correcting Effects of Formation Dip and Hole Deviation on Induction Logs[J].The Log Analyst,1987,28(4):349-356.
[8]Barbara Anderson,Kambiz Ali Safinya,Tarek Habashy.Effect of Dipping Beds on the Response of Induction Tools[J].SPE Formation Evaluation,1988,3(1):29-36.
[9]肖加奇,张庚骥.水平井和大斜度井中的感应测井响应计算[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(3):396-404.
[10]高杰,柯式镇,魏宝君,等.电法测井数值模拟现状及发展趋势分析[J].测井技术,2010,34(1):1-5.
[11]Anderson B I,Barber T D,Luling M G.The Response of Induction Tools to Dipping,Anisotropic Formations[C]∥SPWLA 36th Annual Logging Symposium,Paris,France,1995.
[12]胡松,周灿灿,王昌学,等.水平井各向异性地层双感应测井响应数值模拟[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(11):10-13.
[13]Lili Zhong,Jing Li,Ashutosh Bhardwaj,et al.Computation of Triaxial Induction Logging Tools in Layered Anisotropic Dipping Formations[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2008,46(4):1148-1163.
[14]Moran J H,Kunz K S.Basic Theory of Induction Logging and Application to Study of Two-coil Sondes[J].Geophysics,1962,27(6):829-858.
[15]张庚骥.电法测井[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2003:148-155.
[16]Shen L C.Effects of Skin-effect Correction and Threepoint Deconvolution on Induction Logs[C]∥SPWLA29th Annual Logging Symposium,San Antonio,Texas,1988.
[17]仵杰,龚厚生,陈草堂.双感应测井趋肤效应校正和刻度系数计算研究[J].测井技术,2001,25(4):261-265.
[18]魏宝君.感应测井趋肤效应校正的迭代方法[J].测井技术,2004,28(5):367-372.
[19]朱军,李西钢,夏克文,等.感应测井中的相位移误差[J].测井技术,1994,18(4):248-254.
[2]汪宏年,杨善德,王艳.各向异性地层中电阻率测井的响应特征[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(6):649-657.
[3]高杰,谢然红.大斜度井侧向测井三维正演数值模拟及曲线快速校正方法研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):69-71.
[4]邓少贵,仝兆岐,范宜仁.各向异性倾斜地层双侧向测井响应数值模拟[J].石油学报,2006,27(3):61-64.
[5]范宜仁,李虎,胡云云,等.倾斜各向异性地层随钻电磁波响应模拟[J].电波科学学报,2013,28(5):994-998.
[6]Hardman R H,Shen L C.Theory of Induction Sonde in Dipping Beds[J].Geophysics,1986,51(3):800-809.
[7]Hardman R H,Shen L C.Charts for Correcting Effects of Formation Dip and Hole Deviation on Induction Logs[J].The Log Analyst,1987,28(4):349-356.
[8]Barbara Anderson,Kambiz Ali Safinya,Tarek Habashy.Effect of Dipping Beds on the Response of Induction Tools[J].SPE Formation Evaluation,1988,3(1):29-36.
[9]肖加奇,张庚骥.水平井和大斜度井中的感应测井响应计算[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(3):396-404.
[10]高杰,柯式镇,魏宝君,等.电法测井数值模拟现状及发展趋势分析[J].测井技术,2010,34(1):1-5.
[11]Anderson B I,Barber T D,Luling M G.The Response of Induction Tools to Dipping,Anisotropic Formations[C]∥SPWLA 36th Annual Logging Symposium,Paris,France,1995.
[12]胡松,周灿灿,王昌学,等.水平井各向异性地层双感应测井响应数值模拟[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(11):10-13.
[13]Lili Zhong,Jing Li,Ashutosh Bhardwaj,et al.Computation of Triaxial Induction Logging Tools in Layered Anisotropic Dipping Formations[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2008,46(4):1148-1163.
[14]Moran J H,Kunz K S.Basic Theory of Induction Logging and Application to Study of Two-coil Sondes[J].Geophysics,1962,27(6):829-858.
[15]张庚骥.电法测井[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2003:148-155.
[16]Shen L C.Effects of Skin-effect Correction and Threepoint Deconvolution on Induction Logs[C]∥SPWLA29th Annual Logging Symposium,San Antonio,Texas,1988.
[17]仵杰,龚厚生,陈草堂.双感应测井趋肤效应校正和刻度系数计算研究[J].测井技术,2001,25(4):261-265.
[18]魏宝君.感应测井趋肤效应校正的迭代方法[J].测井技术,2004,28(5):367-372.
[19]朱军,李西钢,夏克文,等.感应测井中的相位移误差[J].测井技术,1994,18(4):248-254.