贵阳市大气污染物浓度特征及降水的清除作用
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摘要
本文利用2013年1月1日～2015年6月30日贵阳市9个环境监测站的6种主要大气污染物(SO_2、NO_2、O_3、PM_(10)、CO、PM_(2.5))监测数据,分析了贵阳市主要大气污染物的年变化、日变化特征及降水对首要污染物浓度变化的影响。发现SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)、CO、PM_(2.5)浓度为单谷型年变化,夏季浓度最低,冬季浓度最高;O_3浓度为双峰型年变化,4、10月分别有两个极大值、11～2月与7月分别为两个极小值;SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)、CO、PM_(2.5)浓度日变化呈双峰型特征;O_3浓度日变化为单峰型特征;郊区SO_2、NO_2、PM_(10)、CO、PM_(2.5)日平均浓度低于市区,而郊区O_3日平均浓度高于市区。降水对O_3的湿清除效果不好,对其余大气污染物的湿清除效果较好,尤其夜间降水对颗粒污染物(PM_(2.5)、PM_(10))的清除效果优于白天降水,但会使O_3浓度明显上升。
Based on the monitoring data of six major air pollutants(SO_2, NO_2, O_3, PM_(10), CO, PM_(2.5)) from 9 environmental monitoring stations in Guiyang City from January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2015, the annual variation, diurnal variation characteristics of major air pollutants and the influence of precipitation on the concentration variation of primary air pollutants in Guiyang City were analyzed. It was found that the concentration of SO_2, NO_2, PM_(10), CO and PM_(2.5) varied annually in a single valley type, with the lowest concentration in summer and the highest concentration in winter, but the annual variation of O_3 concentration is bimodal, with two maximum values in April and October and two minimum values in November-February and July, respectively. Again the diurnal variations of SO_2, NO_2, PM_(10), CO and PM_(2.5) were bimodal, while the variation of O_3 were unimodal. Moreover, the average concentrations of SO_2, NO_2, PM_(10), CO and PM_(2.5) in suburban areas were lower than those in urban areas, which of O_3 in suburban areas were higher than those in urban areas. The wet removal effect of precipitation on O_3 is bad, but on other atmospheric pollutants is better. Especially, the removal effect of precipitation at night on particulate pollutants(PM_(2.5), PM_(10)) is better than that of precipitation at daytime, yet the effect of precipitation at night on O_3 is negative.
Based on the monitoring data of six major air pollutants(SO_2, NO_2, O_3, PM_(10), CO, PM_(2.5)) from 9 environmental monitoring stations in Guiyang City from January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2015, the annual variation, diurnal variation characteristics of major air pollutants and the influence of precipitation on the concentration variation of primary air pollutants in Guiyang City were analyzed. It was found that the concentration of SO_2, NO_2, PM_(10), CO and PM_(2.5) varied annually in a single valley type, with the lowest concentration in summer and the highest concentration in winter, but the annual variation of O_3 concentration is bimodal, with two maximum values in April and October and two minimum values in November-February and July, respectively. Again the diurnal variations of SO_2, NO_2, PM_(10), CO and PM_(2.5) were bimodal, while the variation of O_3 were unimodal. Moreover, the average concentrations of SO_2, NO_2, PM_(10), CO and PM_(2.5) in suburban areas were lower than those in urban areas, which of O_3 in suburban areas were higher than those in urban areas. The wet removal effect of precipitation on O_3 is bad, but on other atmospheric pollutants is better. Especially, the removal effect of precipitation at night on particulate pollutants(PM_(2.5), PM_(10)) is better than that of precipitation at daytime, yet the effect of precipitation at night on O_3 is negative.
引文
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[2] 曾强,李国星,张磊,等.大气污染对健康影响的疾病负担研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2015,32(1):85-90
[3] 刘新春,钟玉婷,何清,等.新疆库尔勒市近地面臭氧变化特征及其影响因素[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(4):596-603
[4] Shafie-Pour M,Ardestani M.Environmental damage costs in Iran by the energy sector[J].Energy Policy,2007,35(9):4413-4423
[5] Wei J,Guo X,Marinova D,et al.Industrial SO2,pollution and agricultural losses in China:evidence from heavy air polluters[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,64(2):404-413
[6] 盛黎,缪育聪,徐权周,等.对话黄顺祥:走近中国大气污染防治[J].科学通报,2018,63(16):1515-1518
[7] 黄顺祥.大气污染与防治的过去、现在及未来[J].科学通报,2018,63(10):895-919
[8] 张子曰,李艳,戴高菊,等.北京市朝阳区主要大气污染物浓度变化特征[J].气象与环境学报,2016,32(2):44-51
[9] 王莉莉,王跃思,吉东生,等.天津滨海新区秋冬季大气污染特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(7):1077-1086
[10] 于洲,刘寿东,王咏薇,等.杭州市2014年城区大气污染物浓度变化特征观测分析[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(16):95-104
[11] 谢雨竹,潘月鹏,倪长健,等.成都市区夏季大气污染物浓度时空变化特征分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(4):975-983
[12] 高正旭,王晓玲,向华,等.武汉市2014-2017年大气污染物分布特征及其潜在来源分析[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(11):4440-4453
[13] 赵娜,马翠平,李洋,等.河北重度污染天气分型及其气象条件特征[J].干旱气象,2017,35(5):839-846,856
[14] 黄少妮,袁媛,井宇,等.陕西关中地区冬季一次重霾污染过程及气象条件影响分析[J].干旱气象,2016,34(6):1037-1046
[15] 舒卓智,赵天良,郑小波,等.清洁大气背景下贵阳空气质量变化及气象作用[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(12):4460-4468
[16] 尚媛媛,郑小波,夏晓玲,等.贵阳市PM2.5分布特征及气象条件的影响[J].高原山地气象研究,2018,38(3):45-50
[17] 段莹,吴战平,张东海,等.贵阳市降水对PM2.5污染物湿清除作用[J].气象科技,2016,44(3):458-462
[18] 王涛,陈梦平,周梦翩,等.无锡市区大气污染物污染特征及影响因素研究[J].环境污染与防治,2015,37(12):74-78
[19] 严晓瑜,缑晓辉,刘玉兰,等.银川市大气污染物浓度变化特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].气象与环境学报,2015,31(2):21-30
[20] 王闯,王帅,杨碧波,等.气象条件对沈阳市环境空气臭氧浓度影响研究[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(3):32-37
[21] He J,Gong S,Yu Y,et al.Air pollution characteristics and their relation to meteorological conditions during 2014-2015 in major Chinese cities.[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,223:484-496
[22] 张文静,胡琳,吴素良,等.降水对西安市大气污染物质量浓度影响分析[J].陕西气象,2013(1):18-21
[23] 朱常琳,李夏清,李富渊.西安市主要大气污染物浓度变化特征及相关特性分析[J].环境工程,2017,35(11):104-109
[24] 于俊伟,吴战平,高秋沙.贵州的夜雨特征[J].贵州气象,2010,34(2):13-14
[25] 于彩霞,邓学良,石春娥,等.降水和风对大气PM2.5、PM10的清除作用分析[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(12):4620-4629
[26] 张敏,朱彬,王东东,等.南京北郊冬季大气SO2、NO2和O3的变化特征[J].大气科学学报,2009,32(5):695-702