浅层地震反射波法在石膏矿采空区调查中的应用
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摘要
随着人们对地下矿产资源的过度开采,地下空间形成了较大区域的采空区。采空区出现后,其上覆岩层平衡条件被破坏,使得上覆岩层产生移动变形,直到破坏、塌落,导致地表建筑物变形、破坏,地表大面积下沉、凹陷,形成大面积的采空塌陷区。采空区的存在使矿山生产面临很大的安全问题。近年来,矿山采空区的危害越来越受到人们的重视,在采空区调查中,各种地球物理方法起到了重要的作用,国内外以往探测实践表明,较为常用的物探测量方法有:高密度电阻率法、瞬变电磁法、CSAMT法、浅层地震反射波法、放射性土壤氡气测量法等,但每种物探方法的应用均具有一定的条件,需要根据岩石物性特征、场地条件、探测深度、环境影响等因素选择合适的地球物理方法。地震反射波法具有抗干扰能力强、分辨率较高等优势,被较多应用于矿山采空区的调查中。该文以临沂市兰陵县某石膏矿采空区为例,采用浅层地震反射波法对该石膏矿采空区进行调查,通过对获得的地震剖面资料进行处理和解释,取得了较好的探测效果,其技术方法可为同类采空区的探测提供借鉴和指导。
Accompanying with over-exploitation of underground mineral resources,a larger area of goaf has been formed in underground space. After mined-out areas appear,the overlying strata balance conditions are destroyed,the overlying strata deformed,destroyed,collasped,and caused deformation of the surface of the building,destruction,large surface subsidence and depression. The formation of a large area of goaf has casued many safety problems. In recent years,the harm of mined-out area has been paid more and more attention. In the goaf survey,various geophysical methods have played an important role in the safety of mining. The commonly used geophysical measurement methods are high density resistivity method,transient electromagnetic method,CSAMT method,shallow seismic reflection method,radioactive soil radon measurement method,but each geophysical methods needs certain conditions. It is necessary to select the appropriate geophysical method according to petrophysical characteristics,site conditions,depth of exploration,environmental impact and other factors. Seismic reflection method has the advantages of strong anti-interference ability and high resolution,and it is applied to mined-out area investigation. In this paper,taking a gypsum mined-out area in Lanling county of Linyi city as an example,shallow seismological reflection method is used to investigate the mined-out area of gypsum mine. Through processing and interpretation of obtained seismic profile data,good detection effect has been gained. The detection method can provide reference and guidance for the detection in similar goaf.
Accompanying with over-exploitation of underground mineral resources,a larger area of goaf has been formed in underground space. After mined-out areas appear,the overlying strata balance conditions are destroyed,the overlying strata deformed,destroyed,collasped,and caused deformation of the surface of the building,destruction,large surface subsidence and depression. The formation of a large area of goaf has casued many safety problems. In recent years,the harm of mined-out area has been paid more and more attention. In the goaf survey,various geophysical methods have played an important role in the safety of mining. The commonly used geophysical measurement methods are high density resistivity method,transient electromagnetic method,CSAMT method,shallow seismic reflection method,radioactive soil radon measurement method,but each geophysical methods needs certain conditions. It is necessary to select the appropriate geophysical method according to petrophysical characteristics,site conditions,depth of exploration,environmental impact and other factors. Seismic reflection method has the advantages of strong anti-interference ability and high resolution,and it is applied to mined-out area investigation. In this paper,taking a gypsum mined-out area in Lanling county of Linyi city as an example,shallow seismological reflection method is used to investigate the mined-out area of gypsum mine. Through processing and interpretation of obtained seismic profile data,good detection effect has been gained. The detection method can provide reference and guidance for the detection in similar goaf.
引文
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[15]王涛.工程物探在s244省道K9+500~K10+100采空区的应用[J].山东国土资源,2013,29(5):33-36.
[16]曹江涛,翟伟强,方勇.浅层地震反射波法在山区工程勘察中的应用[J].工程勘察,2014,42(8):84-88.
[17]武秀芳,薛勇军.综合物探方法在煤矿采空区勘测中的应用[J].华北国土资源,2007(2):48-49.
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[19]林承灏,潘浩波,方良好,等.浅层地震反射波法在某大型工程场址工程地质勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2016,13(5):652-658.
[20]张凯,汪青松.浅层地震反射波法在塌陷勘察中的超前预报[J].物探与化探,2010,34(1):85-88.
[2]王振东.浅层地震勘探应用技术[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:17-25.
[3]张明学.地质勘探原理与解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010:50-56.
[4]王永刚.地震资料综合解释方法[M].北京:石油大学出版社,2007:33-38.
[5]陈仲侯,傅唯一.浅层地震勘探[M].成都:成都地质学院出版社,1986:28-36.
[6]王兴泰.工程与环境物探新方法新技术[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:38-46.
[7]单娜琳,程志平,刘云祯.工程地震勘探[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2006:22-27.
[8]李正文,贺振华.勘查技术工程学[M].北京:地质出版社,2003:19-26
[9]易辉,杨玲,陈松,等.浅层地震反射波法在地质灾害调查中的应用[J].科技创新与应用,2016(25):16-17.
[10]牟义,黎灵,张永超,等.浅层地震法探测浅煤层采空区试验研究[J].煤炭技术,2014,33(6):69-71.
[11]冉志杰,杨歧焱,翟星,等.浅层地震勘探在地下采空区探测中的应用[J].勘察科学技术,2013(2):56-60.
[12]张银松,雷宛,祝杰,等.浅层地震反射波法的参数选择及其应用效果[J].勘察科学技术,2011(4):16-18.
[13]戴呈祥,王庆海.浅层反射波法地震勘探数据采集中应注意的几个问题[J].物探与化探,1989,13(1):69-74.
[14]刘祖珉,雷宛,鲁红英,等.浅层地震反射波法在某重大工程预选厂址中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报,2006,33(4):345-348.
[15]王涛.工程物探在s244省道K9+500~K10+100采空区的应用[J].山东国土资源,2013,29(5):33-36.
[16]曹江涛,翟伟强,方勇.浅层地震反射波法在山区工程勘察中的应用[J].工程勘察,2014,42(8):84-88.
[17]武秀芳,薛勇军.综合物探方法在煤矿采空区勘测中的应用[J].华北国土资源,2007(2):48-49.
[18]刘建胜,李树荣,王爱民.采用综合物探和钻探方法查明章丘矿山采空区[J].山东国土资源,2007,23(3):17-20.
[19]林承灏,潘浩波,方良好,等.浅层地震反射波法在某大型工程场址工程地质勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2016,13(5):652-658.
[20]张凯,汪青松.浅层地震反射波法在塌陷勘察中的超前预报[J].物探与化探,2010,34(1):85-88.