模拟空间废水生物处理系统的设计及运行与微生物种群结构分析
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摘要
废水循环利用是受控生态生保系统(environmental control and life support system,ECLSS)的关键技术之一.设计了空间废水组合生物处理系统,由两个序批间歇式反应器(sequencing batch reactor,SBR)、供氧部件、在线监测与控制部件等组成.利用该系统可同时处理卫生废水和尿液,降解卫生废水中的化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD),转化尿液中尿素生成硝态氮(NO-3),形成植物种植营养液.废水处理系统稳定运行后,模拟卫生废水COD去除率达到99.34%,出水NO-3浓度1 626.71mg/L,氮素转化率达到87.2%.对SBR中微生物的种群结构进行了分析,卫生废水反应器中γ-变形菌纲的Pseudomonas、Arenimonas属微生物占73.3%,尿液废水反应器中β-变形菌纲的Thauera、Nitrosomonas、Comamonas属微生物占48.8%,这些微生物对维持空间废水生物处理系统的正常运行具有重要作用.
Wastewater recycling is one of key technologies for the environmental control and life support system(ECLSS).In this paper,a biological treatment system(BTS)was designed,consisting of two sequencing batch reactor(SBR),an oxygen supplier,a detecting module,and a controlling module.The hygiene wastewater and urine could be treated simultaneously by the system designed,and the effluent water could be used as nutrition solution.When treatment system was under stable operation,the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand(COD)and urea nitrogen reached 99.34%,87.2%,respectively,and the nitrate concentration in effluent water was 1 626.7 mg/L.The composition of microbial community in SBR was analyzed,finding that more than 73.3% of the microorganisms belong to Pseudomonas spp.and Arenimonas spp.in the hygiene wastewater bioreactor,and more than 48.8% of the microorganisms belong to Thauera spp.,Nitrosomonas spp.,and Comamonas spp.in the urine wastewater bioreactor.These microorganisms can play an important role in stabilizing of the BTS.This study provides a theoretical basis for application of BTS for treatment of space wastewater.
Wastewater recycling is one of key technologies for the environmental control and life support system(ECLSS).In this paper,a biological treatment system(BTS)was designed,consisting of two sequencing batch reactor(SBR),an oxygen supplier,a detecting module,and a controlling module.The hygiene wastewater and urine could be treated simultaneously by the system designed,and the effluent water could be used as nutrition solution.When treatment system was under stable operation,the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand(COD)and urea nitrogen reached 99.34%,87.2%,respectively,and the nitrate concentration in effluent water was 1 626.7 mg/L.The composition of microbial community in SBR was analyzed,finding that more than 73.3% of the microorganisms belong to Pseudomonas spp.and Arenimonas spp.in the hygiene wastewater bioreactor,and more than 48.8% of the microorganisms belong to Thauera spp.,Nitrosomonas spp.,and Comamonas spp.in the urine wastewater bioreactor.These microorganisms can play an important role in stabilizing of the BTS.This study provides a theoretical basis for application of BTS for treatment of space wastewater.
引文
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[15]Abbasian F,Lockington R,Megharaj M,et al.A review on the genetics of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2016,178(2):224-250.
[16]Wasi S,Tabrez S,Ahmad M.Use of pseudomonas spp.for the bioremediation of environmental pollutants:a review[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185(10):8147-8155.
[17]Hayatsu M,Kosuge N.Effects of difference in fertilization treatments on nitrification activity in tea soils[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,1993,39(2):373-378.
[18]Feng Y J,Zhang H M.Genetic identification and analysis of mutiresistance of antibiotic conferred by aplasmid isolated form field bacteria[J].Journal of Shanxi University of Science and Technology,2003,5(2):11-15.
[2]Flynn M,Borchers B.An evaluation of the vapor phase catalytic ammonia removal process for use in a mars transit vehicle[J].Life Support&Biosphere Science,1998,5(4):415-421.
[3]Deng S,Xie B,Liu H.The recycle of water and nitrogen from urine in bioregenerative life support system[J].Acta Astronautica,2016,123:86-90.
[4]Rivelli S,Savoy J,Silveira G R,et al.Water reclamation system:U.S.Patent 5,254,246[P].1993-10-19.
[5]Grossi E N,Hogan J,Flynn M.The utilization of urine processing for the advancement of life support technologies[C]∥Proceedings of International Conference on Environmental Systems.[S.l.]:AIAA,2014.
[6]Gonzalez-Martinez A,Rodriguez-Sanchez A,Lotti T,et al.Comparison of bacterial communities of conventional and A-stage activated sludge systems[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:18786-18790.
[7]Feng D,Wu Z,Xu,S.Nitrification of human urine for its stabilization and nutrient recycling[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99:6299-6304.
[8]Griffiths R I,Whiteley A S,O'Donnell A G,et al.Rapid method for coextraction of DNA and RNA from natural environments for analysis of ribosomal DNA-and rRNAbased microbial community composition[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2000,66:5488-5491.
[9]Soo R M,Skennerton C T,Sekiguchi Y,et al.An expanded genomic representation of the phylum cyanobacteria[J].Genome Biology and Evolution,2014,6:1031-1045.
[10]HJ/T 399-2007.水质化学需氧量的测定-快速消解分光光度法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007.HJ/T 399-2007.Determination of chemical oxygen demand in water-rapid digestion spectrophotometric method[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2007.(in Chinese)
[11]应贤强.对二甲氨基苯甲醛比色法测定尿素水解系统中的微量尿素[J].化肥工业,2006,26(4):50-55.Ying Xianqiang.Determination oftrace urea in urea hydrolysis system by dimethylaminobenzaldehyde colorimetric method[J].Fertilizer industry,2006,26(4):50-55.(in Chinese)
[12]HJ 535-2009.水质氨氮的测定-纳氏试剂分光光度法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2009.HJ 535-2009.Determination of ammonia in waterNessler's reagent spectrophotometric method[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[13]GB 7493-1987.水质亚硝酸盐氮的测定-分光光度法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1987.GB 7493-1987.Determination of nitrite nitrogen in water-spectrophotometric method[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1987.(in Chinese)
[14]HJ/T 346-2007.水质硝酸盐氮的测定紫外分光光度法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007.HJ/T 346-2007.Determination of nitrate nitrogen in water-spectrophotometric method[S].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2007.(in Chinese)
[15]Abbasian F,Lockington R,Megharaj M,et al.A review on the genetics of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon degradation[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2016,178(2):224-250.
[16]Wasi S,Tabrez S,Ahmad M.Use of pseudomonas spp.for the bioremediation of environmental pollutants:a review[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2013,185(10):8147-8155.
[17]Hayatsu M,Kosuge N.Effects of difference in fertilization treatments on nitrification activity in tea soils[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,1993,39(2):373-378.
[18]Feng Y J,Zhang H M.Genetic identification and analysis of mutiresistance of antibiotic conferred by aplasmid isolated form field bacteria[J].Journal of Shanxi University of Science and Technology,2003,5(2):11-15.