柴达木盆地盆缘冲断古隆起的形成演化及对油气成藏的影响
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摘要
基于柴达木盆地及邻区地壳速度结构、生长地层古地磁测年、平衡剖面分析和储层包裹体测温等资料,综合分析了盆缘冲断古隆起的形成演化与山前带油气聚集成藏的关系。研究结果表明:柴达木盆地关键成藏期构造呈现盆缘冲断古隆起—斜坡带、盆内凹陷区的"二元"结构特征,在昆仑山、祁连山、阿尔金山山前带发育系列盆缘冲断古隆起带;盆缘冲断古隆起带受控于"周缘山系隆升,盆地整体沉降"的成盆动力学背景,形成时间早于主力供烃凹陷生/排烃高峰期,有利于山前带油气聚集成藏;因此,盆缘冲断古隆起对油气聚集成藏控制作用明显,是多期油气运聚的指向区;昆仑山前地区的昆北、铁木里克冲断隆起带,阿尔金山前地区的月牙山、东坪—牛东冲断隆起带,以及祁连山前地区的平台—马仙冲断隆起带是油气勘探有利区带。这一认识对于指导柴达木盆地山前带油气勘探具有一定意义。
Based on the crustal velocity structure of Qaidam Basin and its adjacent regions,the paleomagnetic dating of growing strata,the analysis of balanced profile,reservoir inclusion temperature measurement and other data,this paper discusses the relationship between the formation and evolution of thrusted paleo-uplift at the basin margin and the hydrocarbon accumulation in piedmont zone.The results show that the tectonics of Qaidam Basin in the key hydrocarbon accumulation period presented the dual structure characteristics of thrusted paleo-uplift at the margin of basin-slope zone and the intra-basin depression zone.A series of thrusted paleo-uplifts at the margin of basin were developed in the piedmont zones of Kunlun Mountains,Altun Mountains and Qilian Mountains,which were controlled by the background of the basinformation dynamics presented as surrounding mountain uplifting and overall basin subsidence.These paleo-uplifts were formed earlier than the peak period of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in the depression mainly supplying hydrocarbons,favorable to the hydrocarbon accumulation in piedmont zones.Therefore,thrusted paleo-uplifts at the margin of basin had an obvious control on hydrocarbon accumulation,and thus can indicate the multiphase oil-gas migration and accumulation area.The North Kunlun and Tiemulike thrusted paleo-uplift zones in front of Kunlun Mountains,the Yueyashan,Dongping-Niudong thrusted paleo-uplift zones in front of Altun Mountains,and the PingtaiMaxian thrusted paleo-uplift zones in front of Qilian Mountains are all favorable zones for hydrocarbon exploration.This understanding is of great significance to guide oil and gas exploration in the piedmont zone of Qaidam Basin.
Based on the crustal velocity structure of Qaidam Basin and its adjacent regions,the paleomagnetic dating of growing strata,the analysis of balanced profile,reservoir inclusion temperature measurement and other data,this paper discusses the relationship between the formation and evolution of thrusted paleo-uplift at the basin margin and the hydrocarbon accumulation in piedmont zone.The results show that the tectonics of Qaidam Basin in the key hydrocarbon accumulation period presented the dual structure characteristics of thrusted paleo-uplift at the margin of basin-slope zone and the intra-basin depression zone.A series of thrusted paleo-uplifts at the margin of basin were developed in the piedmont zones of Kunlun Mountains,Altun Mountains and Qilian Mountains,which were controlled by the background of the basinformation dynamics presented as surrounding mountain uplifting and overall basin subsidence.These paleo-uplifts were formed earlier than the peak period of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in the depression mainly supplying hydrocarbons,favorable to the hydrocarbon accumulation in piedmont zones.Therefore,thrusted paleo-uplifts at the margin of basin had an obvious control on hydrocarbon accumulation,and thus can indicate the multiphase oil-gas migration and accumulation area.The North Kunlun and Tiemulike thrusted paleo-uplift zones in front of Kunlun Mountains,the Yueyashan,Dongping-Niudong thrusted paleo-uplift zones in front of Altun Mountains,and the PingtaiMaxian thrusted paleo-uplift zones in front of Qilian Mountains are all favorable zones for hydrocarbon exploration.This understanding is of great significance to guide oil and gas exploration in the piedmont zone of Qaidam Basin.
引文
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