福建省永泰县东门旗山滑坡诱发机理与防治措施
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摘要
为明确降雨诱发滑坡机理及为防治措施确定依据,本文以福建省永泰县东门旗山滑坡为研究案例,在充分的地质勘探资料以及降雨期间滑坡位移监测数据的基础上,从内部与外部因素两个方面分析了滑坡的诱发机理,并通过数值方法对滑坡稳定性演化历程进行了反分析,将滑坡治理分为应急处理与长期加固两个阶段。在应急处理阶段,以拦排地表与地下水为主要工程措施,依据滑坡体不同部位滑动速率与降雨量的关系,验证推移式滑坡判断,得出先将排水措施布设于滑坡下部的结论;在长期加固方面,以抗滑桩为主要加固措施,以抗滑桩工程造价最低为优化目标,结合数值模拟与理论计算方法,得到最优抗滑桩设计方案为布桩于滑坡体中下部、桩径1.0m、桩净距与中心距分别为2.0m和3.0m。
In order to clarify the mechanism of rainfall-induced landslides and to determine the basis of prevention and control,the Dongmen Qishan landslide was fully studied.The landslide occurred in Yongtai County,Fujian Province.Based on detailed geological survey and monitored displacement during rainfall period,the mechanism of landslide activation was studied from the perspectives of geological condition and influencing factors.The evolution of the landslide was investigated by using Geostudio,and on which landslide control can be divided into two main steps.The first step is emergency mitigation,in which drainage is designed to decrease groundwater level in the landslide.Based on the analysis of the relationship between rainfall and landslide deformation velocity,the drainage is to be installed in the lower part of landslide.The second step is to install stabilizing piles.Based on numerical and theoretical analyses,the stabilizing piles should be installed in the lower part of the landslide.The diameter,net spacing and center-to-center spacing are 1.0 m,2.0 m and 3.0 m,respectively.
In order to clarify the mechanism of rainfall-induced landslides and to determine the basis of prevention and control,the Dongmen Qishan landslide was fully studied.The landslide occurred in Yongtai County,Fujian Province.Based on detailed geological survey and monitored displacement during rainfall period,the mechanism of landslide activation was studied from the perspectives of geological condition and influencing factors.The evolution of the landslide was investigated by using Geostudio,and on which landslide control can be divided into two main steps.The first step is emergency mitigation,in which drainage is designed to decrease groundwater level in the landslide.Based on the analysis of the relationship between rainfall and landslide deformation velocity,the drainage is to be installed in the lower part of landslide.The second step is to install stabilizing piles.Based on numerical and theoretical analyses,the stabilizing piles should be installed in the lower part of the landslide.The diameter,net spacing and center-to-center spacing are 1.0 m,2.0 m and 3.0 m,respectively.
引文
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[9]孙红月,尚岳全,申永江,等.破碎岩质边坡排水隧洞效果监测分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2267-2271.Sun Hongyue,Shang Yuequan,Shen Yongjiang,et al.Monitoring and Analysis of Effects of Drainage Tunnel on Crushed-Rock Slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(11):2267-2271.
[10]朱晗迓,孙红月,汪会帮,等.边坡加固锚索预应力变化规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2756-2760.Zhu Hanya,Sun Hongyue,Wang Huibang,et al.Analysis on Prestress State of Cable Applied to Rock Slope Reinforcement[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2756-2760.
[11]申永江,孙红月,尚岳全,等.抗滑桩内力的监测与计算[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,36(5):18-22.Shen Yongjiang,Sun Hongyue,Shang Yuequan,et al.Monitoring and Calculation of Anti-Slide Piles Internal Force[J].Hydrpgeology and Engineering Geology,2009,36(5):18-22.
[12]谭福林,胡新丽,张玉明,等.考虑渐进破坏过程的滑坡推力计算方法[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2018,48(1):193-202.Tan Fulin,Hu Xinli,Zhang Yuming,et al.Calculation Method of Landslide Thrust Considering Progressive Failure Process[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2018,48(1):193-202.
[13]安玉科,吴玮江,张文,等.抗滑桩裂纹控制荷载结构设计法及工程应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2017,47(1):171-178.An Yuke,Wu Weijiang,Zhang Wen,et al.Crack Control Design Method of Anti-Slide Pile and Engineering Application[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2017,47(1):171-178.
[14]王国民,洪儒宝.福建永泰旗山小区后山滑坡应急处置实例分析[J].福建地质,2010,29(增刊1):5-11.Wang Guomin,Hong Rubao.Case Analysis of Emergency Disposal for Landslide of Qishan District at Yongtai County in Fujian Province[J].Geology of Fujian,2010,29(Sup.1):5-11.
[15]陈生东.永泰县城峰镇旗山小区后山滑坡现场应急调查及处置分析[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(3):370-375.Chen Shengdong.Analysis of Field Urgent Investigation and Measures on Landslide in QiShan,Chengfeng,Yongtai[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(3):370-375.
[16]福建省地质工程研究院.永泰县城峰镇东门旗山小区地质灾害治理项目岩土工程勘察报告[R].福州:福建省地质工程研究院,2011.Fujian Institute of Geological Engineering.Geotechnical Investigation Report of Geological Hazard Control Project in Dongmen Qishan District,Chengfeng Town,Yongtai County[R].Fuzhou:Fujian Institute of Geological Engineering,2011.
[17]叶龙珍,范良荣.永泰县旗山滑坡深部位移监测分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2012,23(2):91-94.Ye Longzhen,Fan Liangrong.Analyzing Depth Displacement Monitoring of Qishan Landslide in Yongtai County[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2012,23(2):91-94.
[18]Vulliet L,Hutter K.Viscous-Type Sliding Laws for Landslides[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1988,25(3):467-477.
[19]建筑边坡工程技术规范:GB 50330-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.Technical Code for Building Slope Engineering:GB50330-2013[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.
[20]Ito T,Matsui T.Methods to Estimate Lateral Force Acting on Stabilizing Piles[J].Soils and Foundations,1975,15(4):43-59.
[2]郑亚飞,张璐璐,张洁,等.基于时变监测数据的降雨滑坡多目标随机反分析[J].岩土力学,2017,38(11):3371-3377.Zheng Yafei,Zhang Lulu,Zhang Jie,et al.MultiObjective Probabilistic Inverse Analysis of RainfallInduced Landslide Based on Time-Varied Data[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(11):3371-3377.
[3]尚岳全,蔡岳良,魏振磊,等.滑坡虹吸排水方法[J].工程地质学报,2015,23(4):706-711.Shang Yuequan,Cai Yueliang,Wei Zhenlei,et al.Siphon Drainage Method for Landslide Prevention[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2015,23(4):706-711.
[4]于洋.双排抗滑桩受力影响因素研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.Yu Yang.Study on Mechanical Influence Factors of Double-Row Stabilizing Piles[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2013.
[5]李秀珍,何思明,王震宇,等.降雨入渗诱发斜坡失稳的物理模型适用性分析[J].灾害学,2015,30(1):34-38.Li Xiuzhen,He Siming,Wang Zhenyu,et al.Research Progress of Physical Models of Slope Instability Induced by Rainfall Infiltration[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2015,30(1):34-38.
[6]苏燕,邱俊炳,兰斯梅,等.基于室内试验的降雨型滑坡机理研究[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(1):118-122.Su Yan,Qiu Junbing,Lan Simei,et al.Research on Mechanism in Rainfall Landslides Based on Laboratory Test[J].Journal of Fuzhou University(Natural Science Edition),2015,43(1):118-122.
[7]鲍其云,麻土华,李长江,等.浙江62个丘陵山区县引发滑坡的降雨强度-历时阈值[J].科技通报,2016,32(5):48-55.Bao Qiyun,Ma Tuhua,Li Changjiang,et al.Rainfall Intensity-Duration Thresholds for the Initiation of Landslides in 62 Hilly and Mountainous Counties of Zhejiang Province[J].Bulletin of Science and Technology,2016,32(5):48-55.
[8]贺可强,郭栋,张朋,等.降雨型滑坡垂直位移方向率及其位移监测预警判据研究[J].岩土力学,2017,(12):3649-3659.He Keqiang,Guo Dong,Zhang Peng,et al.The Direction Ratio of Vertical Displacement for RainfallInduced Landslides and Its Early Warning Criterion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,(12):3649-3659.
[9]孙红月,尚岳全,申永江,等.破碎岩质边坡排水隧洞效果监测分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2267-2271.Sun Hongyue,Shang Yuequan,Shen Yongjiang,et al.Monitoring and Analysis of Effects of Drainage Tunnel on Crushed-Rock Slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(11):2267-2271.
[10]朱晗迓,孙红月,汪会帮,等.边坡加固锚索预应力变化规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2756-2760.Zhu Hanya,Sun Hongyue,Wang Huibang,et al.Analysis on Prestress State of Cable Applied to Rock Slope Reinforcement[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2756-2760.
[11]申永江,孙红月,尚岳全,等.抗滑桩内力的监测与计算[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,36(5):18-22.Shen Yongjiang,Sun Hongyue,Shang Yuequan,et al.Monitoring and Calculation of Anti-Slide Piles Internal Force[J].Hydrpgeology and Engineering Geology,2009,36(5):18-22.
[12]谭福林,胡新丽,张玉明,等.考虑渐进破坏过程的滑坡推力计算方法[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2018,48(1):193-202.Tan Fulin,Hu Xinli,Zhang Yuming,et al.Calculation Method of Landslide Thrust Considering Progressive Failure Process[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2018,48(1):193-202.
[13]安玉科,吴玮江,张文,等.抗滑桩裂纹控制荷载结构设计法及工程应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2017,47(1):171-178.An Yuke,Wu Weijiang,Zhang Wen,et al.Crack Control Design Method of Anti-Slide Pile and Engineering Application[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2017,47(1):171-178.
[14]王国民,洪儒宝.福建永泰旗山小区后山滑坡应急处置实例分析[J].福建地质,2010,29(增刊1):5-11.Wang Guomin,Hong Rubao.Case Analysis of Emergency Disposal for Landslide of Qishan District at Yongtai County in Fujian Province[J].Geology of Fujian,2010,29(Sup.1):5-11.
[15]陈生东.永泰县城峰镇旗山小区后山滑坡现场应急调查及处置分析[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(3):370-375.Chen Shengdong.Analysis of Field Urgent Investigation and Measures on Landslide in QiShan,Chengfeng,Yongtai[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(3):370-375.
[16]福建省地质工程研究院.永泰县城峰镇东门旗山小区地质灾害治理项目岩土工程勘察报告[R].福州:福建省地质工程研究院,2011.Fujian Institute of Geological Engineering.Geotechnical Investigation Report of Geological Hazard Control Project in Dongmen Qishan District,Chengfeng Town,Yongtai County[R].Fuzhou:Fujian Institute of Geological Engineering,2011.
[17]叶龙珍,范良荣.永泰县旗山滑坡深部位移监测分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2012,23(2):91-94.Ye Longzhen,Fan Liangrong.Analyzing Depth Displacement Monitoring of Qishan Landslide in Yongtai County[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2012,23(2):91-94.
[18]Vulliet L,Hutter K.Viscous-Type Sliding Laws for Landslides[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1988,25(3):467-477.
[19]建筑边坡工程技术规范:GB 50330-2013[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.Technical Code for Building Slope Engineering:GB50330-2013[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.
[20]Ito T,Matsui T.Methods to Estimate Lateral Force Acting on Stabilizing Piles[J].Soils and Foundations,1975,15(4):43-59.