基于物元可拓理论的水库初始水权分配研究
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摘要
由于我国北方地区水资源短缺,水库周围区域供需水矛盾越来越严重,给水库的水权分配带来较大困难。为促进区域水资源公平和高效利用,迫切需要探讨合适的涉及多方利益相关者的水库初始水权分配方法。本文以我国北方某水库为例,首先从流域水文条件、区域水资源供需状况、水库工程建设管理、区域经济社会发展等方面,分析影响水库初始水权分配的敏感性因素;然后,从影响因素中选取重要的影响因子,构建水库初始水权分配的指标评价体系;再者,引入物元可拓理论,建立水库初始水权分配物元可拓模型,通过指标熵权关联度的计算确定水库水权的分配权重;其后,根据水库的来水量,采用长系列变动用水时历法,计算水库的可供水量;最后,根据水库的可供水量,利用物元可拓模型对水库的行业和区域的水权进行分配。结果表明,该水库的农业水权为424万m~3、工业和生活水权为1 040万m~3、生态水权为600万m~3,水库分配给A县、B县和C县的水权分别为967万m~3、163万m~3和334万m~3,水库所在河流因涉及跨区域河流生态流量管理,将生态水权归于更高一级行政管理层,不再进行县区分配。该水库的水权分配方案得到了多方利益相关者的认可,该项研究有利于促进市场条件下水库的水权分配,提升水资源决策管理水平。
Initial water rights allocation is an important part of water rights management system in China,which plays foundational roles on optimal water resources allocation under market economic conditions,and it is of great significance to promote regional economic and social development and industrial layout. However,due to lack of water resources in nothern China,water disputes are getting more and more serious between water demands and available water supplies around the reservoir area,which makes water rights allocation of reservoirs more difficult. So it is necessary to present an appropriate allocation method for initial water rights in the reservoir area considering multiple stakeholders in order to improve the equity and efficiency of water uses. Taking a reservoir in northern China as a study case,this paper firstly analyzes the sensitive factors affecting the initial water rights allocation of a reservoir from aspects of hydrological conditions,water supply and demands,engineering construction with management as well as economic and society development,and then establishes an evaluation index system for determining the weights of water rights allocation by selected proper impacting factors. This paper also presents a reservoir water rights allocation model based on the Matter Extension Theory,and the proposed model is applied for the industry and regional water right allocation according to the available water supply of the reservoir.Results show that three parts of water rights are allocated including agricultural water rights of 4. 24 million m~3,industrial and domestic water right of 10. 4 million m~3 and ecological water rights of 6 million m~3,as well as 9. 67 million m~3 in county A,1. 63 million m~3 in county B and 3. 34 million m~3 in county C,due to cross-regional river ecological flow management,the ecological water rights belong to senior administrative management. The scenarios of the resevoir water rights allocation haves been approved by different stickholders and this study will be beneficial to promoting water rights allocation under market conditions and improving water resources decision management.
Initial water rights allocation is an important part of water rights management system in China,which plays foundational roles on optimal water resources allocation under market economic conditions,and it is of great significance to promote regional economic and social development and industrial layout. However,due to lack of water resources in nothern China,water disputes are getting more and more serious between water demands and available water supplies around the reservoir area,which makes water rights allocation of reservoirs more difficult. So it is necessary to present an appropriate allocation method for initial water rights in the reservoir area considering multiple stakeholders in order to improve the equity and efficiency of water uses. Taking a reservoir in northern China as a study case,this paper firstly analyzes the sensitive factors affecting the initial water rights allocation of a reservoir from aspects of hydrological conditions,water supply and demands,engineering construction with management as well as economic and society development,and then establishes an evaluation index system for determining the weights of water rights allocation by selected proper impacting factors. This paper also presents a reservoir water rights allocation model based on the Matter Extension Theory,and the proposed model is applied for the industry and regional water right allocation according to the available water supply of the reservoir.Results show that three parts of water rights are allocated including agricultural water rights of 4. 24 million m~3,industrial and domestic water right of 10. 4 million m~3 and ecological water rights of 6 million m~3,as well as 9. 67 million m~3 in county A,1. 63 million m~3 in county B and 3. 34 million m~3 in county C,due to cross-regional river ecological flow management,the ecological water rights belong to senior administrative management. The scenarios of the resevoir water rights allocation haves been approved by different stickholders and this study will be beneficial to promoting water rights allocation under market conditions and improving water resources decision management.
引文
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[10]WANG Z J,ZHENG H,WANG X F.A harmonious water rights allocation model for Shiyang River Basin,Gansu Province,China[J].International journal of water resources development,2009,25(2):355-371.
[11]WIMMER F,AUDSLEY E,MALSY M,et al.Modelling the effects of cross-sectoral water allocation schemes in Europe[J].Climatic change,2015,128(3-4):229-244.
[12]吴丹,吴凤平.基于双层优化模型的流域初始二维水权耦合配置[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(10):26-34.
[13]王宗志,胡四一,王银堂.基于水量与水质的流域初始二维水权分配模型[J].水利学报,2010,41(5):524-530.
[14]蔡文.可拓论及其应用[J].科学通报,1999,44(7):673-682.
[15]张晓平.基于贴近度的模糊综合评判结果的集化[J].山东大学学报(理学版),2004,39(2):25-29.
[2]DINAR A,ROSEGRANT M W,MEINZENDICK R S.Water allocation mechanisms:principles and examples[J].Policy research working paper,1997,95(1):30-41.
[3]靳玉莹.初始水权分配方法比对与实证研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2017:1-50.
[4]GOPALAKRISHNAN C.The doctrine of prior appropriation and its impact on water development:a critical survey[J].American journal of econnomics&society,2010,32(1):61-72.
[5]HOWE C W.Innovative approaches to water allocation:the potential for water markets[J].Water resources research,1986,22(4):439-445.
[6]ZHAO J S,CAI X M,WANG Z J.Comparing administered and market-based water allocation systems through a consistent agentbased modeling framework[J].Journal of environmental management,2013,123:120-130.
[7]郑剑锋,雷晓云,王建北,等.基于满意度决策理论的玛纳斯河取水权分配研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2006,17(2):351-354.
[8]陈艳萍,吴凤平,吴丹.基于模糊优选和TOPSIS法的流域初始水权分配模型[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(4):468-471.
[9]尹云松,孟令杰.基于AHP的流域初始水权分配方法及其应用实例[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(4):645-651.
[10]WANG Z J,ZHENG H,WANG X F.A harmonious water rights allocation model for Shiyang River Basin,Gansu Province,China[J].International journal of water resources development,2009,25(2):355-371.
[11]WIMMER F,AUDSLEY E,MALSY M,et al.Modelling the effects of cross-sectoral water allocation schemes in Europe[J].Climatic change,2015,128(3-4):229-244.
[12]吴丹,吴凤平.基于双层优化模型的流域初始二维水权耦合配置[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(10):26-34.
[13]王宗志,胡四一,王银堂.基于水量与水质的流域初始二维水权分配模型[J].水利学报,2010,41(5):524-530.
[14]蔡文.可拓论及其应用[J].科学通报,1999,44(7):673-682.
[15]张晓平.基于贴近度的模糊综合评判结果的集化[J].山东大学学报(理学版),2004,39(2):25-29.