盾构隧道纵向结构变形模式及理论模型
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摘要
盾构隧道在长期运营中极易发生不均匀沉降及纵向结构变形,因而有必要建立隧道纵向结构计算模型,分析隧道纵向变形及内力特征。首先探讨隧道纵向变形模式,将隧道变形归纳为两种模式:(1)弯曲变形模式;(2)错台变形模式。其次针对现有纵向结构计算模型进行总结并分析其优缺点,根据模型的简化过程将现有模型归纳为两类:(1)纵向管片环-接头模型;(2)纵向等效连续化模型。针对隧道实际剪切错台变形的特点,重点介绍一种基于铁木辛柯梁理论的隧道纵向连续化模型,并通过实例分析其优越性。
Shield tunnels are often subjected to differential settlement and longitudinal structural deformation during long-term operation. In order to obtain the additional internal forces and joint deformation induced by longitudinal deformation, it is necessary to establish a longitudinal structural model. This paper investigates the deformation pattern of shield tunnel in longitudinal direction. The deformation patterns are divides into the following two types: a) bend mode; and b) dislocation mode. The existing longitudinal structural models are summarized and divided into the following two categories: a) segmental ring-spring model; and b) equivalent continuous model. The advantages and disadvantages of these models are discussed. An equivalent continuous model based on Timoshenko theory, which is able to consider the shearing dislocation of the tunnel, is highlighted. Based on a case study, the advantages of the Timoshenko simplified model are verified.
Shield tunnels are often subjected to differential settlement and longitudinal structural deformation during long-term operation. In order to obtain the additional internal forces and joint deformation induced by longitudinal deformation, it is necessary to establish a longitudinal structural model. This paper investigates the deformation pattern of shield tunnel in longitudinal direction. The deformation patterns are divides into the following two types: a) bend mode; and b) dislocation mode. The existing longitudinal structural models are summarized and divided into the following two categories: a) segmental ring-spring model; and b) equivalent continuous model. The advantages and disadvantages of these models are discussed. An equivalent continuous model based on Timoshenko theory, which is able to consider the shearing dislocation of the tunnel, is highlighted. Based on a case study, the advantages of the Timoshenko simplified model are verified.
引文
[1]Shen S L,Wu H N,Cui Y J,et al.Long-term settlement behaviour of metro tunnels in the soft deposits of Shanghai[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2014,40(12):309-323
[2]Working Group NO 2,ITA.Guidelines for the design of shield tunnel lining[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2000,15(3):303-33l
[3]土木学会编(日).隧道标准规范(盾构篇)及解说[M].宋伟译.中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[4]刘建航,侯学渊.盾构法隧道[M].中国铁道出版社,1991
[5]Wu H N,Shen S L,Liao S M,et al.Longitudinal structural modelling of shield tunnels considering shearing dislocation between segmental rings[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology.2015,50:317-323
[6]郑永来,韩文星,童琪华,等.软土地铁隧道纵向不均匀沉降导致的管片接头环缝开裂研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(24):4552-4558(Zheng Yonglai,Han Wenxing,Tong Qihua,et al.Study on longitudinal crack of shield tunnel segment joint due to asymmetric settlement in soft soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(24):4552-4558(in Chinese))
[7]叶耀东.软土地区运营地铁盾构隧道结构变形及健康诊断方法研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007(Ye Yaodong.Research on deformation and method of health diagnose of operational subway structures in soft soil[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007(in Chinese))
[8]周宁,袁勇.越江盾构隧道纵向变形曲率与管环渗漏的关系[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(11):1446-1451(Zhou Ning,Yuan Yong,Correlation of cross-river shield tunnel between longitudinal deformation curvature and segment leakage[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2009,37(11):1446-1451(in Chinese))
[9]王慧,黄宏伟.软土地铁盾构隧道环缝张开可靠度分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2013,35(6):1-6(Wang Hui,Huang Hongwei.Reliability analysis on metro shield tunnel segment joint in soft soil[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2013,35(6):1-6(in Chinese))
[10]Huang X,Huang H,Zhang J.Flattening of jointed shield-driven tunnel induced by longitudinal differential settlements[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2012,31:20-32
[11]王如路.上海软土地铁隧道变形影响因素及变形特征分析[J].地下工程与隧道,2009(1):1-6,52(Wang Rulu.Factors influencing deformation of shanghai soft soil metro tunnel and deformation analysis[J].Underground Engineering and Tunnels,2009(1):1-6,52(in Chinese))
[12]王如路.上海地铁盾构隧道纵向变形分析[J].地下工程与隧道,2009(4):1-6,56(Wang Rulu.Longitudinal deformation analysis for shanghai subway tunnel constructed by shield method[J].Underground Engineering and Tunnels,2009(4):1-6,56(in Chinese))
[13]樊振宇.软土盾构隧道衬砌结构计算方法及纵向变形分析[D].上海:同济大学,2009(Fan Zhenyu.Calculation method and longitudinal deformation analysis of shied tunnel lining in soft soil[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2009(in Chinese))
[14]西野健三,吉田和夫,小泉淳.シールドトンネル縦断方向の現場載荷試験とその考察[J].土木学会论文集,1986,1986(376):131-140(NISHINO K,YOSHIDAK,KOIZUMI A.In-situ tests and consideration on shield tunnel in the longitudinal direction[J].Journal of Japanese Society of Civil Engineers,1986,1986(376):131-140(in Japanese))
[15]小泉淳,村上博智,西野健三.シールドトンネルの軸方向特性のモデル化について[J].土木学会论文集,1988,1988(394):79-88(Koizumi A,Murakami H,Nishino K.Modelling of longitudinal structure of shield tunnel[J].Journal of Japanese Society of Civil Engineers,1988,1988(394):79-88(in Japanese))
[16]小泉淳,村上博智,石田智朗,等.急曲線施工用セグメントの設計法について[J].土木学会论文集,1992,1992(448):111-120(Koizumi A,Murakami H,Ishida T,et al.Design method of segments at a sharply curved section[J].Journal of Japanese Society of Civil Engineers,1992,1992(448):111-120(in Japanese))
[17]朱合华,崔茂玉,杨金松.盾构衬砌管片的设计模型与荷载分布的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(2):190-194(Zhu Hehua,Cui Maoyu,Yang Jinsong.Design model for shield lining segments and distribution of load[J].Chinese Journal for Geotechinical Engineering,2000,22(2):190-194(in Chinese))
[18]朱合华,杨林德,陈清军,等.盾构隧道管片接头衬砌系统的两种受力设计模型[J].工程力学,1996(增):395-399
[19]朱伟,黄正荣,梁精华.盾构衬砌管片的壳-弹簧设计模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(8):940-947(Zhu Wei,Huang Zhengrong,Liang Jinghua.Studies on shell-springs design modes for segment of shield tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(8):940-947(in Chinese))
[20]志波由纪夫,川岛一彦,大日方尚己,等.応答変位法によるシールドトンネルの耐震設計法,1986,5:113(Shiba Y,Kawashima K,Obinata N,et al.Seismic design method of shield tunnel using response displacement method[J].Journal of Japanese Society of Civil Engineers,1986,5:113(in Japanese))
[21]志波由纪夫,川岛一彦,大日方尚己,等.シールドトンネルの耐震解析に用いる長手方向覆工剛性の評価法[J].土木学会论文集,1988(398):319-327(Shiba Y,Kawashima K,Obinata N,et al.An evaluation method of longitudinal stiffness of shield tunnel linings for application to seismic response analyses[J].Journal of Japanese Society of Civil Engineers,1988(398):319-327(in Japanese))
[22]志波由纪夫,川岛一彦,大日方尚己,等.応答変位法によるシールドトンネルの地震时断面力の算定法[J].土木学会论文集.1989(404):385-394(Shiba Y,Kawashima K,Obinata N,et al.Evaluation procedure for seismic stress developed in shield tunnels based on seismic deformation method[J].Journal of Japanese Society of Civil Engineers,1989(404):385-394(in Japanese))
[23]廖少明.圆形隧道纵向剪切传递效应研究[D].上海:同济大学,2002(Liao Shaoming.Research on the effect longitudinal shear transfer on circular tunnel liningg[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2002(in Chinese))
[24]Blom C B M,Horst E J V,Jovanovic P S.Three-dimensional structural analyses of the shield-driven“green heart”tunnel of the high-speed line south[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1999,14(2):217-224
[25]黄钟晖.盾构法隧道错缝拼装衬砌受力机理的研究[D].同济大学,2001(Huang Zhonghui.Research on stagger-jointed segmental lining behavior of shield-tunnel[D].Tongji University,2001(in Chinese))
[26]Van E WHNC,De W RGA,Van D V,C.Segmental tunnel lining behaviour in axial direction[C]//International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground,Tokyo,1999
[27]包鹤立.衬砌局部渗漏条件下软土盾构隧道的长期性态研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008(Bao Heli.Research on the long-term behavior of shield tunnel with Partially sealed linings in soft soil[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008(in Chinese))
[28]廖少明.隧道纵向剪切效应的简化弹性地基柱壳理论解析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(7):1486-1493(Liao Shaoming.Theoretic analysis of simplified cylindrical shell on elastic foundation for tunnel longitudinal shear effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(7):1486-1493(in Chinese))
[29]Liao S M,Peng F L,Shen S L.Analysis of shearing effect on tunnel induced by load transfer along longitudinal direction[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(4):421-430
[30]徐凌.软土盾构隧道纵向沉降研究[D].上海:同济大学,2005(Xu Ling.Study on longitudinal settlement behavior of shield tunnels in soft soil[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2005(in Chinese))(没查到)
[31]叶飞,朱合华,丁文其.基于弹性地基梁的盾构隧道纵向上浮分析[J].中国铁道科学,2008,29(4):65-69(Ye Fei,Zhu Hehua,Ding Wenqi.Longitudinal upward movement analysis of shield tunnel based on elastic foundation beam[J].China Railway Science,2008,29(4):65-69(in Chinese))
[32]王志良,申林方.基于弹性地基梁理论的隧道纵向变形分析[J].路基工程,2010,1,34-36(Wang Zhiliang,Shen Linfang.Analysis on tunnel vertical deformation based on the theory of elastic foundation beam[J].Subgrade Engineering,2010,1,34-36(in Chinese))
[33]姜兆华,张永兴.基坑开挖对邻近隧道纵向位移影响的计算方法[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2013,35(1):7-11,39(Jiang Zhaohua,Zhang Yongxing.Calculation of influence on longitudinal deformation of adjacent tunnel due to excavation[J].Journal of Civil Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2013,35(1):7-11,39(in Chinese))
[34]村上博智,小泉淳.シールドセグメントリングの耐荷機構について[J].土木学会论文报告集,1978(272):103-115(Murakami H,Koizumi A.Study on load bearing capacity and mechanics of shield segment ring[J].Proceedings of JSCE,1978(272):103-115(in Japanese))
[35]张文杰,徐旭,李向红,等.广义的盾构隧道纵向等效连续化模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增2):3938-3944(Zhang Wenjie,Xu Xu,Li Xianghong,et al.Research on generalized longitudinal equivalent continuous model of shield tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S2):3938-3944(in Chinese))
[36]李翔宇,刘国彬,杨潇,等.基于修正纵向等效连续化模型的隧道变形受力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(4):662-670(Li Xiangyu,Liu Guobin,Yang Xiao,et al.Deformation and stress of tunnel structures based on modified longitudinal equivalent continuous model[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(4):662-670(in Chinese))
[2]Working Group NO 2,ITA.Guidelines for the design of shield tunnel lining[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2000,15(3):303-33l
[3]土木学会编(日).隧道标准规范(盾构篇)及解说[M].宋伟译.中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[4]刘建航,侯学渊.盾构法隧道[M].中国铁道出版社,1991
[5]Wu H N,Shen S L,Liao S M,et al.Longitudinal structural modelling of shield tunnels considering shearing dislocation between segmental rings[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology.2015,50:317-323
[6]郑永来,韩文星,童琪华,等.软土地铁隧道纵向不均匀沉降导致的管片接头环缝开裂研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(24):4552-4558(Zheng Yonglai,Han Wenxing,Tong Qihua,et al.Study on longitudinal crack of shield tunnel segment joint due to asymmetric settlement in soft soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(24):4552-4558(in Chinese))
[7]叶耀东.软土地区运营地铁盾构隧道结构变形及健康诊断方法研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007(Ye Yaodong.Research on deformation and method of health diagnose of operational subway structures in soft soil[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007(in Chinese))
[8]周宁,袁勇.越江盾构隧道纵向变形曲率与管环渗漏的关系[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(11):1446-1451(Zhou Ning,Yuan Yong,Correlation of cross-river shield tunnel between longitudinal deformation curvature and segment leakage[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2009,37(11):1446-1451(in Chinese))
[9]王慧,黄宏伟.软土地铁盾构隧道环缝张开可靠度分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2013,35(6):1-6(Wang Hui,Huang Hongwei.Reliability analysis on metro shield tunnel segment joint in soft soil[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2013,35(6):1-6(in Chinese))
[10]Huang X,Huang H,Zhang J.Flattening of jointed shield-driven tunnel induced by longitudinal differential settlements[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2012,31:20-32
[11]王如路.上海软土地铁隧道变形影响因素及变形特征分析[J].地下工程与隧道,2009(1):1-6,52(Wang Rulu.Factors influencing deformation of shanghai soft soil metro tunnel and deformation analysis[J].Underground Engineering and Tunnels,2009(1):1-6,52(in Chinese))
[12]王如路.上海地铁盾构隧道纵向变形分析[J].地下工程与隧道,2009(4):1-6,56(Wang Rulu.Longitudinal deformation analysis for shanghai subway tunnel constructed by shield method[J].Underground Engineering and Tunnels,2009(4):1-6,56(in Chinese))
[13]樊振宇.软土盾构隧道衬砌结构计算方法及纵向变形分析[D].上海:同济大学,2009(Fan Zhenyu.Calculation method and longitudinal deformation analysis of shied tunnel lining in soft soil[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2009(in Chinese))
[14]西野健三,吉田和夫,小泉淳.シールドトンネル縦断方向の現場載荷試験とその考察[J].土木学会论文集,1986,1986(376):131-140(NISHINO K,YOSHIDAK,KOIZUMI A.In-situ tests and consideration on shield tunnel in the longitudinal direction[J].Journal of Japanese Society of Civil Engineers,1986,1986(376):131-140(in Japanese))
[15]小泉淳,村上博智,西野健三.シールドトンネルの軸方向特性のモデル化について[J].土木学会论文集,1988,1988(394):79-88(Koizumi A,Murakami H,Nishino K.Modelling of longitudinal structure of shield tunnel[J].Journal of Japanese Society of Civil Engineers,1988,1988(394):79-88(in Japanese))
[16]小泉淳,村上博智,石田智朗,等.急曲線施工用セグメントの設計法について[J].土木学会论文集,1992,1992(448):111-120(Koizumi A,Murakami H,Ishida T,et al.Design method of segments at a sharply curved section[J].Journal of Japanese Society of Civil Engineers,1992,1992(448):111-120(in Japanese))
[17]朱合华,崔茂玉,杨金松.盾构衬砌管片的设计模型与荷载分布的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(2):190-194(Zhu Hehua,Cui Maoyu,Yang Jinsong.Design model for shield lining segments and distribution of load[J].Chinese Journal for Geotechinical Engineering,2000,22(2):190-194(in Chinese))
[18]朱合华,杨林德,陈清军,等.盾构隧道管片接头衬砌系统的两种受力设计模型[J].工程力学,1996(增):395-399
[19]朱伟,黄正荣,梁精华.盾构衬砌管片的壳-弹簧设计模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(8):940-947(Zhu Wei,Huang Zhengrong,Liang Jinghua.Studies on shell-springs design modes for segment of shield tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(8):940-947(in Chinese))
[20]志波由纪夫,川岛一彦,大日方尚己,等.応答変位法によるシールドトンネルの耐震設計法,1986,5:113(Shiba Y,Kawashima K,Obinata N,et al.Seismic design method of shield tunnel using response displacement method[J].Journal of Japanese Society of Civil Engineers,1986,5:113(in Japanese))
[21]志波由纪夫,川岛一彦,大日方尚己,等.シールドトンネルの耐震解析に用いる長手方向覆工剛性の評価法[J].土木学会论文集,1988(398):319-327(Shiba Y,Kawashima K,Obinata N,et al.An evaluation method of longitudinal stiffness of shield tunnel linings for application to seismic response analyses[J].Journal of Japanese Society of Civil Engineers,1988(398):319-327(in Japanese))
[22]志波由纪夫,川岛一彦,大日方尚己,等.応答変位法によるシールドトンネルの地震时断面力の算定法[J].土木学会论文集.1989(404):385-394(Shiba Y,Kawashima K,Obinata N,et al.Evaluation procedure for seismic stress developed in shield tunnels based on seismic deformation method[J].Journal of Japanese Society of Civil Engineers,1989(404):385-394(in Japanese))
[23]廖少明.圆形隧道纵向剪切传递效应研究[D].上海:同济大学,2002(Liao Shaoming.Research on the effect longitudinal shear transfer on circular tunnel liningg[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2002(in Chinese))
[24]Blom C B M,Horst E J V,Jovanovic P S.Three-dimensional structural analyses of the shield-driven“green heart”tunnel of the high-speed line south[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1999,14(2):217-224
[25]黄钟晖.盾构法隧道错缝拼装衬砌受力机理的研究[D].同济大学,2001(Huang Zhonghui.Research on stagger-jointed segmental lining behavior of shield-tunnel[D].Tongji University,2001(in Chinese))
[26]Van E WHNC,De W RGA,Van D V,C.Segmental tunnel lining behaviour in axial direction[C]//International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground,Tokyo,1999
[27]包鹤立.衬砌局部渗漏条件下软土盾构隧道的长期性态研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008(Bao Heli.Research on the long-term behavior of shield tunnel with Partially sealed linings in soft soil[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008(in Chinese))
[28]廖少明.隧道纵向剪切效应的简化弹性地基柱壳理论解析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(7):1486-1493(Liao Shaoming.Theoretic analysis of simplified cylindrical shell on elastic foundation for tunnel longitudinal shear effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(7):1486-1493(in Chinese))
[29]Liao S M,Peng F L,Shen S L.Analysis of shearing effect on tunnel induced by load transfer along longitudinal direction[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2008,23(4):421-430
[30]徐凌.软土盾构隧道纵向沉降研究[D].上海:同济大学,2005(Xu Ling.Study on longitudinal settlement behavior of shield tunnels in soft soil[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2005(in Chinese))(没查到)
[31]叶飞,朱合华,丁文其.基于弹性地基梁的盾构隧道纵向上浮分析[J].中国铁道科学,2008,29(4):65-69(Ye Fei,Zhu Hehua,Ding Wenqi.Longitudinal upward movement analysis of shield tunnel based on elastic foundation beam[J].China Railway Science,2008,29(4):65-69(in Chinese))
[32]王志良,申林方.基于弹性地基梁理论的隧道纵向变形分析[J].路基工程,2010,1,34-36(Wang Zhiliang,Shen Linfang.Analysis on tunnel vertical deformation based on the theory of elastic foundation beam[J].Subgrade Engineering,2010,1,34-36(in Chinese))
[33]姜兆华,张永兴.基坑开挖对邻近隧道纵向位移影响的计算方法[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2013,35(1):7-11,39(Jiang Zhaohua,Zhang Yongxing.Calculation of influence on longitudinal deformation of adjacent tunnel due to excavation[J].Journal of Civil Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2013,35(1):7-11,39(in Chinese))
[34]村上博智,小泉淳.シールドセグメントリングの耐荷機構について[J].土木学会论文报告集,1978(272):103-115(Murakami H,Koizumi A.Study on load bearing capacity and mechanics of shield segment ring[J].Proceedings of JSCE,1978(272):103-115(in Japanese))
[35]张文杰,徐旭,李向红,等.广义的盾构隧道纵向等效连续化模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增2):3938-3944(Zhang Wenjie,Xu Xu,Li Xianghong,et al.Research on generalized longitudinal equivalent continuous model of shield tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S2):3938-3944(in Chinese))
[36]李翔宇,刘国彬,杨潇,等.基于修正纵向等效连续化模型的隧道变形受力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(4):662-670(Li Xiangyu,Liu Guobin,Yang Xiao,et al.Deformation and stress of tunnel structures based on modified longitudinal equivalent continuous model[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(4):662-670(in Chinese))