不同玉米自交系子粒脱水速率及其与主要影响性状的相关分析
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摘要
为了明确不同群体玉米自交系子粒脱水特征差异和影响玉米脱水速率的主要性状与子粒脱水间的关系,以陕A群、陕B群选育的8份玉米自交系和2份骨干自交系(昌7-2和PH4CV)为试验材料,分析了不同玉米自交系的子粒脱水速率、收获期子粒含水率、子粒灌浆速率、苞叶性状、果穗性状、叶面积、叶绿素含量、株高、穗位高及产量构成等变化特征及其与子粒脱水间的相互关系。结果表明:不同玉米自交系子粒脱水速率呈现"快-慢-较快-慢-较快-慢"的变化趋势。子粒脱水速率与收获期子粒含水率、苞叶平均含水率、苞叶层数、苞叶长度、穗粗、粒长、粒宽、叶面积、SPAD值、子粒灌浆天数等性状呈显著负相关关系,与苞叶脱水速率存在显著正相关关系,与株高、穗位高和子粒产量间相关性不显著。不同自交系间的子粒脱水速率、收获期子粒含水率、苞叶含水率、苞叶脱水速率等指标差异明显,KB043、KA105和KB024自交系的子粒脱水速率快、产量较高,可在宜机收品种选育时作为快速脱水材料加以考虑。
This study was set up to explore the characteristics and difference of grain dehydration rate of different groups(Shaan A group and Shaan B group) of maize inbred lines, to analyse major related factors characters affecting grain dehydration rate of maize. Eight maize inbred lines from the Shaan A and Shaan B groups and 2 elite inbred lines(‘chang7-2', ‘PH4 CV') were used as the test materials. The change characteristics of grain dehydration rate, grain water content in harvest period, grain filling rate, husk characters, ear characters, leaf area, chlorophyll content, plant height, ear height and yield components in different maize inbred lines were analyzed. The relationships between all traits and grain dehydration rate were studied. The results showed that the changes of different maize inbred lines in grain dehydration rate were "fast-slow-faster-slow-faster-slow". There was a significant negative correlation between the grain dehydration rate and grain moisture content at harvest, the moisture content of bracts, the number of bract layers, the length of bract, the ear diameter, the grain length, the grain width, the leaf area, the SPAD value and the days of grain filling. There was a significant positive correlation between the dehydration rate of grain and the dehydration rate of bract. The correlations between the grain dehydration rate with the plant height, ear height, yield and the other traits was not significant. There were significant differences in grain dehydration rate, grain moisture content at harvest, husk moisture content, husk dehydration rate and other various related indexes among different maize inbred lines. KB043, KA105 and KB024 can be considered as breeding materials for machnical harvesting due to their high grain dehydration rates and higher yields.
This study was set up to explore the characteristics and difference of grain dehydration rate of different groups(Shaan A group and Shaan B group) of maize inbred lines, to analyse major related factors characters affecting grain dehydration rate of maize. Eight maize inbred lines from the Shaan A and Shaan B groups and 2 elite inbred lines(‘chang7-2', ‘PH4 CV') were used as the test materials. The change characteristics of grain dehydration rate, grain water content in harvest period, grain filling rate, husk characters, ear characters, leaf area, chlorophyll content, plant height, ear height and yield components in different maize inbred lines were analyzed. The relationships between all traits and grain dehydration rate were studied. The results showed that the changes of different maize inbred lines in grain dehydration rate were "fast-slow-faster-slow-faster-slow". There was a significant negative correlation between the grain dehydration rate and grain moisture content at harvest, the moisture content of bracts, the number of bract layers, the length of bract, the ear diameter, the grain length, the grain width, the leaf area, the SPAD value and the days of grain filling. There was a significant positive correlation between the dehydration rate of grain and the dehydration rate of bract. The correlations between the grain dehydration rate with the plant height, ear height, yield and the other traits was not significant. There were significant differences in grain dehydration rate, grain moisture content at harvest, husk moisture content, husk dehydration rate and other various related indexes among different maize inbred lines. KB043, KA105 and KB024 can be considered as breeding materials for machnical harvesting due to their high grain dehydration rates and higher yields.
引文
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[2]孙凤霞.玉米机械化收获存在的问题及对策.现代农业科技,2014(19):232-235.
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[5]李淑芳,张春宵,李晓辉,等.玉米籽粒自然脱水速率研究进展.分子植物育种,2014,12(4):825-829.
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[13]Hillson M F,Penny L H.Dry materials accumulation and moisture loss during maturation of corn grain.Agronomy Journal,1965,57(2):150-153.
[14]Nass H G,Crane P L.Effect of endosperm mutants on drying rate in corn(Zea mays L.).Crop Science,1970,10(2):141-144.
[15]李凤海,郭佳丽,于涛.不同熟期玉米杂交种及其亲本子粒脱水速率的比较研究.玉米科学,2012,20(6):17-20.
[16]王振华,张忠臣,常华章,等.黑龙江省38个玉米自交系生理成熟期及子粒自然脱水速率的分析.玉米科学,2001,9(2):53-55.
[17]Cavalieri A J,Smith O S.Grain filling and field drying of a set of maize hybrid released from 1930 to 1982.Crop Science,1985,25(5):856-860.
[18]刘思奇,钟雪梅,史振声.玉米果穗各部性状对籽粒含水量和脱水速率的影响.江苏农业科学,2016,44(8):130-132.
[19]郭佳丽,吕志尧,吕颖颖.玉米粒部性状对子粒脱水速率的影响.玉米科学,2014,22(4):33-38.
[20]刘艳秋,李明顺,李新海,等.1970s-2000s玉米主栽品种灌浆与脱水速率研究.玉米科学,2015,23(1):85-91.
[21]Cross H Z,Kabir K M.Evaluation of field dry-down rates in early,maize.Crop Science,1989,29(1):54-58.
[22]张文杰,王永宏,王克如,等.不同玉米品种子粒脱水速率研究.作物杂志,2016(1):76-81.
[23]雷蕾,王威振,方伟,等.影响夏玉米生理成熟后子粒脱水的相关因素分析.玉米科学,2016,24(3):103-109.
[2]孙凤霞.玉米机械化收获存在的问题及对策.现代农业科技,2014(19):232-235.
[3]秦海生.推动玉米跨区机收正当其时.当代农机,2016(9):20-22.
[4]王克如,李少昆.玉米籽粒脱水速率影响因素分析.中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2027-2035.
[5]李淑芳,张春宵,李晓辉,等.玉米籽粒自然脱水速率研究进展.分子植物育种,2014,12(4):825-829.
[6]Hallauer A R,Russell W A.Estimates of maturity and its inheritance in maize.Crop Science,1962,2(4):289-294.
[7]Hicks D R,Geadelmann J L,Peterson R H.Drying rates of frosted maturing maize.Agronomy Journal,1976,68(3):452-455.
[8]Cross H Z.A selection procedure for ear drying-rates in early maize.Euphytica,1985,34(2):409-418.
[9]张立国,王振华,张林,等.玉米生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率的配合力分析.作物杂志,2007(3):52-55.
[10]Eyherabide G H,Hallauer A R.Reciprocal full-sib recurrent selection in maize I:direct and indirect response.Crop Science,1991,31(4):952-959.
[11]吕香玲,兰进好,张宝石.玉米果穗脱水速率的研究.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(2):48-52.
[12]丁佳琦,王红武,刘志芳,等.玉米单交种和自交系生理成熟后子粒脱水速率的研究.作物杂志,2012(5):26-29.
[13]Hillson M F,Penny L H.Dry materials accumulation and moisture loss during maturation of corn grain.Agronomy Journal,1965,57(2):150-153.
[14]Nass H G,Crane P L.Effect of endosperm mutants on drying rate in corn(Zea mays L.).Crop Science,1970,10(2):141-144.
[15]李凤海,郭佳丽,于涛.不同熟期玉米杂交种及其亲本子粒脱水速率的比较研究.玉米科学,2012,20(6):17-20.
[16]王振华,张忠臣,常华章,等.黑龙江省38个玉米自交系生理成熟期及子粒自然脱水速率的分析.玉米科学,2001,9(2):53-55.
[17]Cavalieri A J,Smith O S.Grain filling and field drying of a set of maize hybrid released from 1930 to 1982.Crop Science,1985,25(5):856-860.
[18]刘思奇,钟雪梅,史振声.玉米果穗各部性状对籽粒含水量和脱水速率的影响.江苏农业科学,2016,44(8):130-132.
[19]郭佳丽,吕志尧,吕颖颖.玉米粒部性状对子粒脱水速率的影响.玉米科学,2014,22(4):33-38.
[20]刘艳秋,李明顺,李新海,等.1970s-2000s玉米主栽品种灌浆与脱水速率研究.玉米科学,2015,23(1):85-91.
[21]Cross H Z,Kabir K M.Evaluation of field dry-down rates in early,maize.Crop Science,1989,29(1):54-58.
[22]张文杰,王永宏,王克如,等.不同玉米品种子粒脱水速率研究.作物杂志,2016(1):76-81.
[23]雷蕾,王威振,方伟,等.影响夏玉米生理成熟后子粒脱水的相关因素分析.玉米科学,2016,24(3):103-109.