福州左海湖冬春季浮游细菌群落16S rRNA多样性
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摘要
【目的】为揭示福州左海湖冬春不同季节水体中浮游细菌群落的多样性。【方法】通过对2012年1月(冬季)和2012年4月(春季)的左海湖水体样品构建细菌16S rRNA基因克隆文库,对2个季节样品中细菌群落的多样性和均匀度等进行比较,并对其群落结构特征进行分析。【结果】冬季左海细菌群落的多样性指数Shannon-Wiener(H)达到3.53,均匀度指数(E)达到0.66;春季细菌群落的多样性指数Shannon-Wiener(H)为3.37,均匀度指数(E)为0.64,这2个季节样品的细菌群落均具有很高的多样性,但均匀度都偏低。2个季节水体中共检测到5个细菌门类:α-变形菌纲(α-proteobacteria)、β-变形菌纲(β-proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(actinobacteria)、蓝细菌门(cyanobacteria),此外还存在一些未被认知的序列。冬季的优势菌群为β-proteobacteria,次优势菌群为cyanobacteria;春季的最优势菌群为cyanobacteria。【结论】左海湖水体细菌在冬春2季节中的菌群结构存在差异,特别是最优势的细菌发生了很大变化,其中冬季细菌群落的多样性及均匀度相对较高。
[Objective]To reveal the diversity of bacterioplankton during winter and spring in Zuohai lake,Fuzhou City,China. [Methods]We constructed 16S rRNA gene clone libraries in the two seasons( January,2012 and April,2012);the Shannon diversity index,Simpson dominance index and Evenness index of the bacterial community in the two samples were compared,and the analysis for the bacterial community structures of this two water samples was conducted.[Results]The Shannon diversity index in January achieved 3. 53,and the Evenness index achieved 0. 66; While the Shannon diversity index of April reached 3. 37,and the Evenness index reached 0. 64. It indicated that the bacterial communities in the two water samples were diverse,but the Evenness indexes were very low. Bacterial belonging to 5phyla were identified: α-proteobacteria,β-proteobacteria,bacteroidetes,actinobacteria and cyanobacteria. Also,there were many sequences belonging to unidentified bacteria. In January, bacterial community with β-proteobacteria predominated followed by cyanobacteria; while cyanobacteria was the predominant bacterial communities in April.[Conclusion]The distribution of the bacteria in the two seasons has differences,especially the most dominant bacteria differed significantly. In addition,bacterial diversity in the two water samples was high,and compared with in spring,that in winter has higher bacterial diversity,but exit a large number of unidentified bacteria in this environment.
[Objective]To reveal the diversity of bacterioplankton during winter and spring in Zuohai lake,Fuzhou City,China. [Methods]We constructed 16S rRNA gene clone libraries in the two seasons( January,2012 and April,2012);the Shannon diversity index,Simpson dominance index and Evenness index of the bacterial community in the two samples were compared,and the analysis for the bacterial community structures of this two water samples was conducted.[Results]The Shannon diversity index in January achieved 3. 53,and the Evenness index achieved 0. 66; While the Shannon diversity index of April reached 3. 37,and the Evenness index reached 0. 64. It indicated that the bacterial communities in the two water samples were diverse,but the Evenness indexes were very low. Bacterial belonging to 5phyla were identified: α-proteobacteria,β-proteobacteria,bacteroidetes,actinobacteria and cyanobacteria. Also,there were many sequences belonging to unidentified bacteria. In January, bacterial community with β-proteobacteria predominated followed by cyanobacteria; while cyanobacteria was the predominant bacterial communities in April.[Conclusion]The distribution of the bacteria in the two seasons has differences,especially the most dominant bacteria differed significantly. In addition,bacterial diversity in the two water samples was high,and compared with in spring,that in winter has higher bacterial diversity,but exit a large number of unidentified bacteria in this environment.
引文
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[3]Liu C,Zuo W,Zhao Z,Qiu L.Bacterial diversity of different successional stage forest soils in Dinghushan.Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2012,52(12):1489-1496.(in Chinese)柳春林,左伟英,赵增阳,邱礼鸿.鼎湖山不同演替阶段森林土壤细菌多样性.微生物学报,2012,52(12):1489-1496.
[4]Wang X,Chen Z,Yuan H,Wu M,Wei W,Wu J,Qin H.Effect of long-term fertilization by the application of rice straw on bacterial diversity in paddy soil.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(13):3865-3874.(in Chinese)王霞,陈哲,袁红朝,吴敏娜,魏文学,吴金水,秦红灵.应用16S rDNA克隆文库技术研究长期稻草还田对水稻土细菌多样性的影响.生态学报,2010,30(13):3865-3874.
[5]Zhao Z,Luo K,Chen G,Yang Y,Mao Z,Liu E,Xie B.Analysis of bacterial diversity in rhizosphere of cucumber in greenhouse by the methods of metagenomic end-random sequencing and 16S rDNA technology.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(14):3849-3857.(in Chinese)赵志祥,罗坤,陈国华,杨宇红,茆振川,刘二明,谢丙炎.结合宏基因组末端随机测序和16S rDNA技术分析室温黄瓜根围土壤细菌多样性.生态学报,2010,30(14):3849-3857.
[6]Yang C,Song X,Sun B.Comparison of simple methods for extraction and measurement of phytoplanktonic chlorophyll-a.Marine Sciences,2007,31(1):6-9.(in Chinese)杨彩根,宋学宏,孙丙耀.浮游植物叶绿素a含量简易测定方法的比较.海洋科学,2007,31(1):6-9.
[7]王心芳,魏复盛,齐文启.水和废水监测分析方法.第4版.北京:中国环境出版社,2002:216-219.
[8]Wang M,Liu X,Zhang J.Evaluate method and classification standard on lake eutrophication.Environmental Monitoring in China,2002,18(5):47-49.(in Chinese)王明翠,刘雪芹,张建辉.湖泊富营养化评价方法及分级标准.中国环境监测,2002,18(5):47-49.
[9]Wu QL,Zwart G,Schauer M,Kamst-van Agterveld MP,Hahn MW.Bacterioplankton community composition along a salinity gradient of sixteen high-mountain lakes located on the Tibetan Plateau,China.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2006,72(8):5478-5485.
[10]Wu L,Ge G,Zhu GF,Gong SJ,Li SG,Wan JB.Diversity and composition of the bacterial community of Poyang Lake(China)as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2012,28(1):233-244.
[11]Hill TC,Walsh KA,Harris JA,Moffett BF.Using ecological diversity measures with bacterial communities.FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2003,43(1):1-11.
[12]Vancanneyt M,Neysens P,De Wachter M,Engelbeen K,Snauwaert C,Cleenwerck I,Van der Meulen R,Hoste B,Tsakalidou E,De Vuyst L.Lactobacillus acidifarinae sp.nov.and Lactobacillus zymae sp.nov.,from wheat sourdoughs.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2005,55(2):615-620.
[13]Kumar S,Nei M,Dudley J,Tamura K.MEGA:a biologist-centric software for evolutionary analysis of DNA and protein sequences.Briefings in Bioinformatics,2008,9(4):299-306.
[14]Xi W,Wu X,Ye W,Yang H.Changes in bacterial community structure during preceding and degraded period of cyanobacterial bloom in a bay of the Taihu Lake.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2007,13(1):97.(in Chinese)奚万艳,吴鑫,叶文瑾,杨虹.太湖梅梁湾水域蓝藻水华前与水华末期细菌群落结构的变化术.应用与环境生物学报,2007,13(1):97-103.
[15]Zwart G,Crump BC,Kamst-van Agterveld MP,Hagen F,Han S-K.Typical freshwater bacteria:an analysis of available 16S rRNA gene sequences from plankton of lakes and rivers.Aquatic Microbial Ecology,2002,28(2):141-155.
[16]Zheng Y,Hou L,Lu M,Liu M,Xie B,Li Y,Zhao H.The bacterial diversity in surface sediments from Chongming Eastern tidal flat in summer and winter.China Environmental Science,2012,32(2):300-310.(in Chinese)郑艳玲,侯立军,陆敏,刘敏,谢冰,李勇,赵慧.崇明东滩夏冬季表层沉积物细菌多样性研究.中国环境科学,2012,32(2):300-310.
[17]Liu ZH,Huang SB,Sun GP,Xu ZC,Xu MY.Phylogenetic diversity,composition and distribution of bacterioplankton community in the Dongjiang River,China.FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2012,80(1):30-44.
[18]Borsodi AK,Felfldi T,MáthéI,Bognár V,Knáb M,Krett G,Jurecska L,Tóth EM,Márialigeti K.Phylogenetic diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities inhabiting the saline Lake Red located in Sovata,Romania.Extremophiles,2013,17(1):87-98.
[19]Du JK,Xiao K,Li L,Ding X,Liu HL,Lu YJ,Zhou SN.Temporal and spatial diversity of bacterial communities in coastal waters of the South China Sea.PLoS One,2013,8(6):e66968.
[20]Ballot A,Krienitz L,Kotut K,Wiegand C,Metcalf JS,Codd GA,Pflugmacher S.Cyanobacteria and cyanobacterial toxins in three alkaline Rift Valley lakes of Kenya—Lakes Bogoria,Nakuru and Elmenteita.Journal of Plankton Research,2004,26(8):925-935.
[21]Grant S,Grant WD,Jones BE,Kato C,Li L.Novel archaeal phylotypes from an East African alkaline saltern.Extremophiles,1999,3(2):139-145.
[22]Imhoff JF,Süling J.The phylogenetic relationship among Ectothiorhodospiraceae:a reevaluation of their taxonomy on the basis of 16S rDNA analyses.Archives ofMicrobiology,1996,165(2):106-113.
[23]Jones BE,Grant WD,Duckworth AW,Owenson GG.Microbial diversity of soda lakes.Extremophiles,1998,2(3):191-200.
[24]Bai J,Li H,Zhang J,Zhao Y.Diversity of bacterial community in the sediments of the Northern Yellow Sea.China Environmental Science,2009,29(12):1277-1284.(in Chinese)白洁,李海艳,张健,赵阳国.黄海西北部沉积物中细菌群落16S rDNA多样性解析.中国环境科学,2009,29(12):1277-1284.
[25]李贺鹏.崇明东滩潮滩湿地沉积物理化因子与胞外酶的研究.河北大学论文,2004.
[26]Tian C,Pei HY,Hu WR,Xie J.Variation of Cyanobacteria with different environmental conditions in Nansi Lake,China.Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,8:1394-1402.
[27]Sun X,Liu H,Feng F,Meng J,Li H.Diversity and phylogenetic analysis of planktonic bacteria in eutrophic zone of Lake Wuliangsuhai.Biodiversity Science,2009,17(5):490-498.(in Chinese)孙鑫鑫,刘惠荣,冯福应,孟建宇,李蘅,玛丽娜.乌梁素海富营养化湖区浮游细菌多样性及系统发育分析.生物多样性.2009,17(5):490-498.
[28]Dai X,Wang B,Huang Y,Zhang P,Liu S.Bacterial diversity in the sediments of Taihu Lake by using traditional nutrient medium and dilution nutrient medium.Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2005,45(2):161-165.(in Chinese)戴欣,王保军,黄燕,张平,刘双江.普通和稀释培养基研究太湖沉积物可培养细菌的多样性.微生物学报,2005,45(2):161-165.
[2]Liu W,Mao Z,Yang Y,Xie B.Analysis of soil bacterial diversity by using the 16S rRNA gene library.Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2008,48(10):1344-1350.(in Chinese)刘玮琦,茆振川,杨宇红,谢丙炎.应用16S rRNA基因文库技术分析土壤细菌群落的多样性.微生物学报,2008,48(10):1344-1350.
[3]Liu C,Zuo W,Zhao Z,Qiu L.Bacterial diversity of different successional stage forest soils in Dinghushan.Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2012,52(12):1489-1496.(in Chinese)柳春林,左伟英,赵增阳,邱礼鸿.鼎湖山不同演替阶段森林土壤细菌多样性.微生物学报,2012,52(12):1489-1496.
[4]Wang X,Chen Z,Yuan H,Wu M,Wei W,Wu J,Qin H.Effect of long-term fertilization by the application of rice straw on bacterial diversity in paddy soil.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(13):3865-3874.(in Chinese)王霞,陈哲,袁红朝,吴敏娜,魏文学,吴金水,秦红灵.应用16S rDNA克隆文库技术研究长期稻草还田对水稻土细菌多样性的影响.生态学报,2010,30(13):3865-3874.
[5]Zhao Z,Luo K,Chen G,Yang Y,Mao Z,Liu E,Xie B.Analysis of bacterial diversity in rhizosphere of cucumber in greenhouse by the methods of metagenomic end-random sequencing and 16S rDNA technology.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(14):3849-3857.(in Chinese)赵志祥,罗坤,陈国华,杨宇红,茆振川,刘二明,谢丙炎.结合宏基因组末端随机测序和16S rDNA技术分析室温黄瓜根围土壤细菌多样性.生态学报,2010,30(14):3849-3857.
[6]Yang C,Song X,Sun B.Comparison of simple methods for extraction and measurement of phytoplanktonic chlorophyll-a.Marine Sciences,2007,31(1):6-9.(in Chinese)杨彩根,宋学宏,孙丙耀.浮游植物叶绿素a含量简易测定方法的比较.海洋科学,2007,31(1):6-9.
[7]王心芳,魏复盛,齐文启.水和废水监测分析方法.第4版.北京:中国环境出版社,2002:216-219.
[8]Wang M,Liu X,Zhang J.Evaluate method and classification standard on lake eutrophication.Environmental Monitoring in China,2002,18(5):47-49.(in Chinese)王明翠,刘雪芹,张建辉.湖泊富营养化评价方法及分级标准.中国环境监测,2002,18(5):47-49.
[9]Wu QL,Zwart G,Schauer M,Kamst-van Agterveld MP,Hahn MW.Bacterioplankton community composition along a salinity gradient of sixteen high-mountain lakes located on the Tibetan Plateau,China.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2006,72(8):5478-5485.
[10]Wu L,Ge G,Zhu GF,Gong SJ,Li SG,Wan JB.Diversity and composition of the bacterial community of Poyang Lake(China)as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2012,28(1):233-244.
[11]Hill TC,Walsh KA,Harris JA,Moffett BF.Using ecological diversity measures with bacterial communities.FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2003,43(1):1-11.
[12]Vancanneyt M,Neysens P,De Wachter M,Engelbeen K,Snauwaert C,Cleenwerck I,Van der Meulen R,Hoste B,Tsakalidou E,De Vuyst L.Lactobacillus acidifarinae sp.nov.and Lactobacillus zymae sp.nov.,from wheat sourdoughs.International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2005,55(2):615-620.
[13]Kumar S,Nei M,Dudley J,Tamura K.MEGA:a biologist-centric software for evolutionary analysis of DNA and protein sequences.Briefings in Bioinformatics,2008,9(4):299-306.
[14]Xi W,Wu X,Ye W,Yang H.Changes in bacterial community structure during preceding and degraded period of cyanobacterial bloom in a bay of the Taihu Lake.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2007,13(1):97.(in Chinese)奚万艳,吴鑫,叶文瑾,杨虹.太湖梅梁湾水域蓝藻水华前与水华末期细菌群落结构的变化术.应用与环境生物学报,2007,13(1):97-103.
[15]Zwart G,Crump BC,Kamst-van Agterveld MP,Hagen F,Han S-K.Typical freshwater bacteria:an analysis of available 16S rRNA gene sequences from plankton of lakes and rivers.Aquatic Microbial Ecology,2002,28(2):141-155.
[16]Zheng Y,Hou L,Lu M,Liu M,Xie B,Li Y,Zhao H.The bacterial diversity in surface sediments from Chongming Eastern tidal flat in summer and winter.China Environmental Science,2012,32(2):300-310.(in Chinese)郑艳玲,侯立军,陆敏,刘敏,谢冰,李勇,赵慧.崇明东滩夏冬季表层沉积物细菌多样性研究.中国环境科学,2012,32(2):300-310.
[17]Liu ZH,Huang SB,Sun GP,Xu ZC,Xu MY.Phylogenetic diversity,composition and distribution of bacterioplankton community in the Dongjiang River,China.FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2012,80(1):30-44.
[18]Borsodi AK,Felfldi T,MáthéI,Bognár V,Knáb M,Krett G,Jurecska L,Tóth EM,Márialigeti K.Phylogenetic diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities inhabiting the saline Lake Red located in Sovata,Romania.Extremophiles,2013,17(1):87-98.
[19]Du JK,Xiao K,Li L,Ding X,Liu HL,Lu YJ,Zhou SN.Temporal and spatial diversity of bacterial communities in coastal waters of the South China Sea.PLoS One,2013,8(6):e66968.
[20]Ballot A,Krienitz L,Kotut K,Wiegand C,Metcalf JS,Codd GA,Pflugmacher S.Cyanobacteria and cyanobacterial toxins in three alkaline Rift Valley lakes of Kenya—Lakes Bogoria,Nakuru and Elmenteita.Journal of Plankton Research,2004,26(8):925-935.
[21]Grant S,Grant WD,Jones BE,Kato C,Li L.Novel archaeal phylotypes from an East African alkaline saltern.Extremophiles,1999,3(2):139-145.
[22]Imhoff JF,Süling J.The phylogenetic relationship among Ectothiorhodospiraceae:a reevaluation of their taxonomy on the basis of 16S rDNA analyses.Archives ofMicrobiology,1996,165(2):106-113.
[23]Jones BE,Grant WD,Duckworth AW,Owenson GG.Microbial diversity of soda lakes.Extremophiles,1998,2(3):191-200.
[24]Bai J,Li H,Zhang J,Zhao Y.Diversity of bacterial community in the sediments of the Northern Yellow Sea.China Environmental Science,2009,29(12):1277-1284.(in Chinese)白洁,李海艳,张健,赵阳国.黄海西北部沉积物中细菌群落16S rDNA多样性解析.中国环境科学,2009,29(12):1277-1284.
[25]李贺鹏.崇明东滩潮滩湿地沉积物理化因子与胞外酶的研究.河北大学论文,2004.
[26]Tian C,Pei HY,Hu WR,Xie J.Variation of Cyanobacteria with different environmental conditions in Nansi Lake,China.Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,8:1394-1402.
[27]Sun X,Liu H,Feng F,Meng J,Li H.Diversity and phylogenetic analysis of planktonic bacteria in eutrophic zone of Lake Wuliangsuhai.Biodiversity Science,2009,17(5):490-498.(in Chinese)孙鑫鑫,刘惠荣,冯福应,孟建宇,李蘅,玛丽娜.乌梁素海富营养化湖区浮游细菌多样性及系统发育分析.生物多样性.2009,17(5):490-498.
[28]Dai X,Wang B,Huang Y,Zhang P,Liu S.Bacterial diversity in the sediments of Taihu Lake by using traditional nutrient medium and dilution nutrient medium.Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2005,45(2):161-165.(in Chinese)戴欣,王保军,黄燕,张平,刘双江.普通和稀释培养基研究太湖沉积物可培养细菌的多样性.微生物学报,2005,45(2):161-165.