保水剂对冬菠菜耗水特性及产量的影响研究
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摘要
为了探究保水剂在菠菜种植中的节水效果及其对菠菜生长的影响,采用正交试验设计分析了不同保水剂施用量、不同拌施深度以及不同灌水定额对菠菜叶面积生长及菠菜不同生育阶段的耗水规律及水分利用效率的影响,揭示了总产量与全生育期耗水量之间的函数关系。研究表明:保水剂的施加有效促进了菠菜叶面积的发育,并提高了菠菜的产量及水分利用效率。当保水剂施用量为285.6 kg/hm~2,拌施深度5～10 cm,滴灌灌水定额150 m~3/hm~2时菠菜叶面积、产量和水分利用率均达到较大值;不同生育阶段菠菜对水分的消耗表现为发芽期耗水量较少,占全生育期耗水量的5%,幼苗期和生长前期较大,分别占全生育期耗水量的21.9%和23.42%,生长中期耗水量达到最大值,占全生育期耗水量的31.21%,生长后期耗水量较少,占全生育期耗水量的18%;菠菜产量与总耗水量之间呈二次抛物线关系,全生育期最佳耗水量为129.65 mm。研究成果可为今后保水剂在蔬菜种植中的推广应用提供理论依据。
In order to explore the effect of water-saving agent on the growth of spinach and its water-saving effect in spinach, orthogonal design is used to analyze the effects of different dosage of water retention agent, different mixing depths and different irrigation quotas on the water consumption rule and water use efficiency of spinach leaf area growth and spinach at different growth stages. The function of total output and water consumption during the whole growth period is revealed. The results show that the application of water retaining agent effectively promotes the development of spinach leaf area, and increases spinach yield and water use efficiency. When the amount of water retention agent is 285.6 kg/hm~2, the depth of 10 cm to 15 cm is mixed and the drip irrigation quota is 150 m~3/hm~2, the leaf area, yield and water use efficiency of spinach reach the maximum. The water consumption of spinach at different growth stages is less water consumption in the period of germination, 5% of the total water consumption during the whole growth period, and compared with the seedling stage and the early growth stage. It accounts for 21.9% and 23.42% of the total water consumption in the whole growth period, the maximum water consumption in the middle period of growth, accounting for 31.21% of the total water consumption in the whole growth period, less water consumption in the late growth period, 18% of the total water consumption in the whole growth period, and two parabolic relationship between the yield of spinach and the total water consumption, and the optimum water consumption of 129.65 mm during the whole growth period. It can provide a theoretical basis for the promotion and application of water retaining agent in vegetable planting in the future.
In order to explore the effect of water-saving agent on the growth of spinach and its water-saving effect in spinach, orthogonal design is used to analyze the effects of different dosage of water retention agent, different mixing depths and different irrigation quotas on the water consumption rule and water use efficiency of spinach leaf area growth and spinach at different growth stages. The function of total output and water consumption during the whole growth period is revealed. The results show that the application of water retaining agent effectively promotes the development of spinach leaf area, and increases spinach yield and water use efficiency. When the amount of water retention agent is 285.6 kg/hm~2, the depth of 10 cm to 15 cm is mixed and the drip irrigation quota is 150 m~3/hm~2, the leaf area, yield and water use efficiency of spinach reach the maximum. The water consumption of spinach at different growth stages is less water consumption in the period of germination, 5% of the total water consumption during the whole growth period, and compared with the seedling stage and the early growth stage. It accounts for 21.9% and 23.42% of the total water consumption in the whole growth period, the maximum water consumption in the middle period of growth, accounting for 31.21% of the total water consumption in the whole growth period, less water consumption in the late growth period, 18% of the total water consumption in the whole growth period, and two parabolic relationship between the yield of spinach and the total water consumption, and the optimum water consumption of 129.65 mm during the whole growth period. It can provide a theoretical basis for the promotion and application of water retaining agent in vegetable planting in the future.
引文
[1] 杜太生,康绍忠,魏华.保水剂在节水农业中的应用研究现状与展望[J].农业现代化研究,2000(5):317-320.
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[9] 赵永贵.保水剂的开发及应用进展[J].中国水土保持,1995(5):52-54.
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[13] 杨永辉,吴普特,武继承,等.保水剂对冬小麦不同生育阶段土壤水分及利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010(12):19-26.
[14] 韩波,张明,丁永辉,等.保水剂对小麦生长特性及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017(24):72-74.
[15] 侯贤清,李荣,何文寿,等.保水剂施用量对旱作土壤理化性质及马铃薯生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015(5):325-330.
[16] 穆俊祥,孟宁生,刘拴成,等.保水剂用量对马铃薯生长和土壤水分的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017(2):44-47.
[17] 闫永利,于健,任秀苹.保水剂不同施用方式及施用量对胡萝卜出苗的影响[J].节水灌溉,2013(9):25-29.
[18] 王春雨,魏珉,董传迁,等.保水剂不同用量对番茄穴盘苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].山东农业科学,2010(7):36-38.
[19] 于明英,晏清洪,肖娟,等.保水剂对基质育苗及沙培小油菜生长的影响[J].节水灌溉,2018(1):30-32,37.
[20] Melo A S D,Suassuna J F,Fernandes P D,et al.Vegetative growth,stomatal resistance,photosynthetic efficiency and yield of watermelon plants under different water levels.[J].Acta Scientiarum Agronomy,2010,32(32):73-79.
[21] Erdem Y,Yuksel A N.Yield response of watermelon to irrigation shortage[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2003,98(4):365-383.
[2] 赵玉红,米春香,王金辉.农业生产应用保水剂的作用与使用技术[J].现代农业,2007(8):136.
[3] 庄文化,冯浩,吴普特.高分子保水剂农业应用研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2007(6):265-270.
[4] Sojka R E,Entry J A,Fuhrmann J J.The influence of high application rates of polyacrylamide on microbial metabolic potential in an agricultural soil[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2006,32(2):243-252.
[5] Varennes A D,Torres M O.Soil remediation with insoluble polyacrylate polymers:an overview[J].Revista De Ciencias Agrarias,2000.
[6] P A Costigan,S J Locascio.Fertilizer additives within or around the gel for fluid-drilled cabage and lettuce[J].Hort Sci,1982,17(5):746-748.
[7] Silberbush M,Adar E,De Malach Y.Use of an hydrophilic polymer to improve water storage and availability to crops grown in sand dunes.I.Corn irrigated by trickling[J].Agricultural Water Management,1993(23):303-313.
[8] Wallace G.Pill.Granular gels as growth media for tomato seedlings[J].Hort Sci,1988,6(23):998-1 000.
[9] 赵永贵.保水剂的开发及应用进展[J].中国水土保持,1995(5):52-54.
[10] 陈学仁.保水剂在农村水利领域开发和应用的探索[J].中国农村水利水电,2000(6):19-24.
[11] Woodhouse J,Johnson M S.Effect of superabsorbent polymers on survival and growth of crop seedlings[J].Agricultural Water Management,1991,20(1):63-70.
[12] 李云开,杨培岭,刘洪禄.保水剂农业应用及其效应研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2002(2):182-187.
[13] 杨永辉,吴普特,武继承,等.保水剂对冬小麦不同生育阶段土壤水分及利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010(12):19-26.
[14] 韩波,张明,丁永辉,等.保水剂对小麦生长特性及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017(24):72-74.
[15] 侯贤清,李荣,何文寿,等.保水剂施用量对旱作土壤理化性质及马铃薯生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015(5):325-330.
[16] 穆俊祥,孟宁生,刘拴成,等.保水剂用量对马铃薯生长和土壤水分的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017(2):44-47.
[17] 闫永利,于健,任秀苹.保水剂不同施用方式及施用量对胡萝卜出苗的影响[J].节水灌溉,2013(9):25-29.
[18] 王春雨,魏珉,董传迁,等.保水剂不同用量对番茄穴盘苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].山东农业科学,2010(7):36-38.
[19] 于明英,晏清洪,肖娟,等.保水剂对基质育苗及沙培小油菜生长的影响[J].节水灌溉,2018(1):30-32,37.
[20] Melo A S D,Suassuna J F,Fernandes P D,et al.Vegetative growth,stomatal resistance,photosynthetic efficiency and yield of watermelon plants under different water levels.[J].Acta Scientiarum Agronomy,2010,32(32):73-79.
[21] Erdem Y,Yuksel A N.Yield response of watermelon to irrigation shortage[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2003,98(4):365-383.