复合冲击钻井工具结构设计与运动特性分析
|
摘要
深部复杂硬地层岩石强度高、可钻性差、抗破碎能力强,易引起PDC钻头黏滑振动及过早磨损。鉴于此,设计了一种复合冲击钻井工具。分析了该工具的轴向冲锤和周向摆锤的受力特征,建立了冲锤和摆锤的运动数学模型,研究了工具的运动特性,并通过室内试验测试其冲击性能。研究结果表明:复合冲击钻井工具的冲锤和摆锤的运动过程分为三个阶段,且在不同阶段运动均呈非线性;工具的冲击功和冲击频率均随排量增加而增大,冲击功计算值要比试验值高出25%,频率计算值比试验值高19%;轴向冲击频率高于周向冲击频率,工具结构参数满足设计要求。研究结果可为复合冲击钻井工具结构的合理设计及现场应用提供借鉴。
The high strength,poor drillability and strong breaking-resistance of deep complex hard formation rocks often result in stick-slip vibration and premature wear of the PDC bit. To address the problem,a composite percussion drilling tool is designed. Based on the designed tool structure,the mechanical characteristics of the axial hammer and the circumferential pendulum device are analyzed. The motion models of the hammer and the pendulum device are established to study the motion behavior of the tool. The impact performance of the tool is then tested by experimental study. The results show that the motions of the hammer and pendulum device of the composite percussion drilling tool are nonlinear and could be divided into three stages. The impact energy and impact frequency of the tool increases with the flow rate. The calculated impact energy and impact frequency is 25% and 19%higher than the test values respectively. The axial impact frequency is higher than the circumferential impact frequency. The tool structure parameters meet the design requirements. The research results can provide reference for the design and field application of composite percussion drilling tools.
The high strength,poor drillability and strong breaking-resistance of deep complex hard formation rocks often result in stick-slip vibration and premature wear of the PDC bit. To address the problem,a composite percussion drilling tool is designed. Based on the designed tool structure,the mechanical characteristics of the axial hammer and the circumferential pendulum device are analyzed. The motion models of the hammer and the pendulum device are established to study the motion behavior of the tool. The impact performance of the tool is then tested by experimental study. The results show that the motions of the hammer and pendulum device of the composite percussion drilling tool are nonlinear and could be divided into three stages. The impact energy and impact frequency of the tool increases with the flow rate. The calculated impact energy and impact frequency is 25% and 19%higher than the test values respectively. The axial impact frequency is higher than the circumferential impact frequency. The tool structure parameters meet the design requirements. The research results can provide reference for the design and field application of composite percussion drilling tools.
引文
[1]兰凯,张金成,母亚军,等.高研磨性硬地层钻井提速技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(6):18-22.LAN K,ZHANG J C,MU Y J,et al.Technology for increasing drilling speed in high abrasive hard formation[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(6):18-22.
[2]王刚,李万军,刘鑫,等.阿克纠宾高研磨性地层钻井提速关键技术[J].石油机械,2018,46(9):37-40,68.WANG G,LI W J,LIU X,et al.Key technology for drilling speed improvement of high abrasive formation in Aktobe[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2018,46(9):37-40,68.
[3]王德余,李根生,史怀忠,等.高效破岩新方法进展与应用[J].石油机械,2012,40(6):1-6.WANG D Y,LI G S,SHI H Z,et al.Progress of the high-efficiency rock-breaking method[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2012,40(6):1-6.
[4]付加胜,李根生,田守嶒,等.液动冲击钻井技术发展与应用现状[J].石油机械,2014,42(6):1-6.FU J S,LI G S,TIAN S C,et al.The current development and application of hydraulic percussion drilling technology[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2014,42(6):1-6.
[5]贾涛,徐丙贵,李梅,等.钻井用液动冲击器技术研究进展及应用对比[J].石油矿场机械,2012,41(12):83-87.JIA T,XU B G,LI M,et al.Research progress and application of contrast on hydraulic impactor for drilling[J].Oil Field Equipment,2012,41(12):83-87.
[6]索忠伟,王甲昌,张海平,等.旋冲钻井在塔河工区超深井段的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(4):44-46.SUO Z W,WANG J C,ZHANG H P,et al.Application of rotary percussion drilling on the super deep section in Tahe Field[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(4):44-46.
[7]DEEN C A,WEDEL R J,NAYAN A,et al.Application of a torsional impact hammer to improve drilling efficiency[R].SPE 147193,2011.
[8]陈志学,冯晓炜,樊洪海,等.扭力缓冲器在新疆火山岩地层的应用研究[J].石油机械,2013,41(11):11-13.CHEN Z X,FENG X W,FAN H H,et al.Research on the application of torsional impactor in Xinjiang’s volcanic strata[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2013,41(11):11-13.
[9]秦晓庆,刘伟,李丽,等.旋冲钻井技术在川西硬地层的应用[J].断块油气田,2013,20(4):505-507.QIN X Q,LIU W,LI L,et al.Application of rotary percussion drilling technology in hard formation of western Sichuan[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2013,20(4):505-507.
[10]祝效华,汤历平,童华.高频扭转冲击钻进的减振与提速机理研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(20):75-78.ZHU X H,TANG L P,TONG H.Rock breaking mechanism of a high frequency torsional impact drilling[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(20):75-78.
[11]祝效华,刘伟吉.单齿高频扭转冲击切削的破岩及提速机理[J].石油学报,2017,38(5):578-586.ZHU X H,LIU W J.The rock breaking and ROP rising mechanism for single-tooth high-frequency torsional impact cutting[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(5):578-586.
[12]查春青,柳贡慧,李军,等.PDC钻头扭转振动特性分析及减振工具设计[J].石油机械,2017,45(3):1-5.ZHA C Q,LIU G H,LI J,et al.Analysis of torsional vibration characteristics of PDC bit and design of the damping tool[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(3):1-5.
[13]柳贡慧,查春青,李玉梅.复合冲击钻井工具:CN103953281A[P].2014-07-30.LIU G H,ZHA C Q,LI Y M.Composite impact drilling tool:CN103953281A[P].2014-07-30.
[14]柳贡慧,李玉梅,李军,等.复合冲击破岩钻井新技术[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(5):10-15.LIU G H,LI Y M,LI J,et al.New technology with composite percussion drilling and rock breaking[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(5):10-15.
[15]查春青,柳贡慧,李军,等.复合冲击破岩钻井新技术提速机理研究[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(2):20-24.ZHA C Q,LIU G H,LI J,et al.The rock breaking mechanism of the compound percussive-rotary drilling method with a PDC bit[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(2):20-24.
[2]王刚,李万军,刘鑫,等.阿克纠宾高研磨性地层钻井提速关键技术[J].石油机械,2018,46(9):37-40,68.WANG G,LI W J,LIU X,et al.Key technology for drilling speed improvement of high abrasive formation in Aktobe[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2018,46(9):37-40,68.
[3]王德余,李根生,史怀忠,等.高效破岩新方法进展与应用[J].石油机械,2012,40(6):1-6.WANG D Y,LI G S,SHI H Z,et al.Progress of the high-efficiency rock-breaking method[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2012,40(6):1-6.
[4]付加胜,李根生,田守嶒,等.液动冲击钻井技术发展与应用现状[J].石油机械,2014,42(6):1-6.FU J S,LI G S,TIAN S C,et al.The current development and application of hydraulic percussion drilling technology[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2014,42(6):1-6.
[5]贾涛,徐丙贵,李梅,等.钻井用液动冲击器技术研究进展及应用对比[J].石油矿场机械,2012,41(12):83-87.JIA T,XU B G,LI M,et al.Research progress and application of contrast on hydraulic impactor for drilling[J].Oil Field Equipment,2012,41(12):83-87.
[6]索忠伟,王甲昌,张海平,等.旋冲钻井在塔河工区超深井段的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(4):44-46.SUO Z W,WANG J C,ZHANG H P,et al.Application of rotary percussion drilling on the super deep section in Tahe Field[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(4):44-46.
[7]DEEN C A,WEDEL R J,NAYAN A,et al.Application of a torsional impact hammer to improve drilling efficiency[R].SPE 147193,2011.
[8]陈志学,冯晓炜,樊洪海,等.扭力缓冲器在新疆火山岩地层的应用研究[J].石油机械,2013,41(11):11-13.CHEN Z X,FENG X W,FAN H H,et al.Research on the application of torsional impactor in Xinjiang’s volcanic strata[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2013,41(11):11-13.
[9]秦晓庆,刘伟,李丽,等.旋冲钻井技术在川西硬地层的应用[J].断块油气田,2013,20(4):505-507.QIN X Q,LIU W,LI L,et al.Application of rotary percussion drilling technology in hard formation of western Sichuan[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2013,20(4):505-507.
[10]祝效华,汤历平,童华.高频扭转冲击钻进的减振与提速机理研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(20):75-78.ZHU X H,TANG L P,TONG H.Rock breaking mechanism of a high frequency torsional impact drilling[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(20):75-78.
[11]祝效华,刘伟吉.单齿高频扭转冲击切削的破岩及提速机理[J].石油学报,2017,38(5):578-586.ZHU X H,LIU W J.The rock breaking and ROP rising mechanism for single-tooth high-frequency torsional impact cutting[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(5):578-586.
[12]查春青,柳贡慧,李军,等.PDC钻头扭转振动特性分析及减振工具设计[J].石油机械,2017,45(3):1-5.ZHA C Q,LIU G H,LI J,et al.Analysis of torsional vibration characteristics of PDC bit and design of the damping tool[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(3):1-5.
[13]柳贡慧,查春青,李玉梅.复合冲击钻井工具:CN103953281A[P].2014-07-30.LIU G H,ZHA C Q,LI Y M.Composite impact drilling tool:CN103953281A[P].2014-07-30.
[14]柳贡慧,李玉梅,李军,等.复合冲击破岩钻井新技术[J].石油钻探技术,2016,44(5):10-15.LIU G H,LI Y M,LI J,et al.New technology with composite percussion drilling and rock breaking[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2016,44(5):10-15.
[15]查春青,柳贡慧,李军,等.复合冲击破岩钻井新技术提速机理研究[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(2):20-24.ZHA C Q,LIU G H,LI J,et al.The rock breaking mechanism of the compound percussive-rotary drilling method with a PDC bit[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(2):20-24.