库布齐沙地柠条叶生物量及营养估测模型
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摘要
【目的】柠条是一种生长迅速、枝叶茂盛、防风固沙能力强大的豆科植物,且茎叶粗蛋白含量相对较高,具有广泛的饲用开发前景,但柠条灌丛在不同发育阶段叶生物量和体内营养物质含量差异较大,其饲用性受到一定限制。因此,了解柠条各生长阶段叶生物量及其营养物质含量变化情况成为打破柠条叶片利用局限性的关键。【方法】本试验以库布齐沙地柠条灌丛为研究对象,分别测量了不同林龄、不同发育时期柠条的叶生物量及营养物质含量,并构建了柠条不同生长年限叶生物量动态模型、生长参数与叶生物量估测模型以及叶片营养物质动态变化模型。【结果】(1)不同生长年限,柠条叶生物量年内变化均呈现出先增长后降低的趋势,在7月份2年生、3年生、5年生柠条叶生物量分别达到0.14、0.32、1.40 kg/株的最高峰值,生长拟合曲线R2>0.8,F检验结果均达到显著水平(P<0.05)。(2)不同生长年限,柠条叶片粗蛋白含量平均达16.0%以上,年内总体变化呈下降趋势(拟合曲线R~2>0.8),且最高值均出现在每年的5月份。(3)不同生长年限,柠条叶片内中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量无明显变化规律,且年内变化趋势各不相同。【结论】根据研究结果可以发现7月份柠条叶生物量达到最大值,5月份柠条叶粗蛋白含量达到最大值。因此,根据柠条叶片生育期及其营养价值等综合考虑,建议5月、7月为主要利用时期。
[Objective]Caragana korshinskii is a kind of leguminous plant with rapid growth,exuberant foliage,strong wind and sand fixing ability. Meanwhile,the crude protein( CP) content of stem and leaf is relatively high and it has a wide range of forage development prospects. However,the leaf biomass and nutrient contents of caragana are different at various stages of development and its forage ability is limited. Therefore,in order to break the limitations of the use of caragana leaves,we should understand the changes of leaf biomass and nutrient content during the growth stages of caragana. [Method] Thestudy used caragana as research material in Kubuqi Sandy Land of northern China. Meanwhile,we measured leaf biomass and nutrient contents of caragana at different growth years and varied developing stages. In addition,we constructed the dynamic models of leaf biomass of caragana at different growth years,the estimation model of growth parameter and leaf biomass and the dynamic model of leaf nutrient contents. [Result]( 1) For different growth years,the leaf biomass of caragana increased first and then decreased within the year. The leaf biomass of 2,3 and 5 years old caragana reached the peak value in July and the leaf content was 0. 14,0. 32,1. 40 kg per plant,respectively,the determining coefficient of the growth fitting curve was greater than 0. 8,and the results of F test all reached a significant level( P <0. 05).( 2) The CP content of caragana leaves was all over 16. 0% during different growth years,and the overall change showed a downward trend during the year( the determining coefficient of the fitting curve was greater than 0. 8),and the highest CP contents appeared in May each year.( 3) There were no significant changes in the contents of neutral detergent fibers and acidic detergent fibers in caragana at different growth years,and the change trend was different within the year. [Conclusion] According to the results,it can be seen that July is the period when the biomass of caragana leaves reaches its maximum,and May is the period when the CP contents of caragana leaves reach its maximum value.Therefore,according to the comprehensive consideration of the growth period and nutrient value of caragana leaves,May and July are the main utilization periods.
[Objective]Caragana korshinskii is a kind of leguminous plant with rapid growth,exuberant foliage,strong wind and sand fixing ability. Meanwhile,the crude protein( CP) content of stem and leaf is relatively high and it has a wide range of forage development prospects. However,the leaf biomass and nutrient contents of caragana are different at various stages of development and its forage ability is limited. Therefore,in order to break the limitations of the use of caragana leaves,we should understand the changes of leaf biomass and nutrient content during the growth stages of caragana. [Method] Thestudy used caragana as research material in Kubuqi Sandy Land of northern China. Meanwhile,we measured leaf biomass and nutrient contents of caragana at different growth years and varied developing stages. In addition,we constructed the dynamic models of leaf biomass of caragana at different growth years,the estimation model of growth parameter and leaf biomass and the dynamic model of leaf nutrient contents. [Result]( 1) For different growth years,the leaf biomass of caragana increased first and then decreased within the year. The leaf biomass of 2,3 and 5 years old caragana reached the peak value in July and the leaf content was 0. 14,0. 32,1. 40 kg per plant,respectively,the determining coefficient of the growth fitting curve was greater than 0. 8,and the results of F test all reached a significant level( P <0. 05).( 2) The CP content of caragana leaves was all over 16. 0% during different growth years,and the overall change showed a downward trend during the year( the determining coefficient of the fitting curve was greater than 0. 8),and the highest CP contents appeared in May each year.( 3) There were no significant changes in the contents of neutral detergent fibers and acidic detergent fibers in caragana at different growth years,and the change trend was different within the year. [Conclusion] According to the results,it can be seen that July is the period when the biomass of caragana leaves reaches its maximum,and May is the period when the CP contents of caragana leaves reach its maximum value.Therefore,according to the comprehensive consideration of the growth period and nutrient value of caragana leaves,May and July are the main utilization periods.
引文
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[10]董利虎,李凤日,宋玉文.东北林区4个天然针叶树种单木生物量模型误差结构及可加性模型[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):704-714.Dong L H,Li F R,Song Y W.Error structure and additivity of individual tree biomass model for four natural conifer species in Northeast China[J].Chinese Jounal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(3):704--714.
[11]陶冶,张元明.准噶尔荒漠6种类短命植物生物量分配与异速生长关系[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):38--48.Tao Y,Zhang Y M.Biomass allocation patterns and allometric relationships of ephemeroid species in Junggar Basin,China[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):38--48.
[12]曾伟生,白锦贤,宋连城,等.内蒙古柠条生物量建模[J].林业资源管理,2014(6):58--62.Zeng W S,Bai J X,Song L C,et al.Biomass modeling for caragana microphylla in Inner Mongolia[J].Forest Resources Management,2014(6):58-62.
[13]曾伟生.国内外灌木生物量模型研究综述[J].世界林业研究,2015,28(1):31--36.Zeng W S.A review of studies of shrub biomass modeling[J].World Forestry Research,2015,28(1):31-36.
[14]刘存琦.灌木植物量测定技术的研究[J].草业学报,1994,3(4):61--65.Liu C Q.The study on techniques in determining shrub phytomass[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,1994,3(4):61--65.
[15]李钢铁,贾守义.旱生灌木生物量预测模型的研究[J].内蒙古林学院学报,1998,20(2):24--31.Li G T,Jia S Y.Study on biomass estimation models of xerophyte shrub[J].Journal of Innermongolia Forestry College,1998,20(2):24-31.
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[18]王忠云,刘润焕.沙漠生态工程拓宽了亿利资源集团发展之路[J].内蒙古林业,2006(12):36-37.Wang Z Y,Liu R H.Desert ecological engineering broadened the development path of ELION resources group[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry,2006(12):36--37.
[19]庞琪伟.晋西北黄土丘陵区柠条能源林适生立地、合理密度及生物量研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2009.Pang Q W.A study on suitable site,rational density and biomass of the energy plantations of Caragana microphylla Lam in loess hilly region of the Northwest Shanxi Province[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2009.
[20]王新云,郭艺歌,陈林,等.荒漠草原不同林龄柠条灌丛生物量模型研究[J].生物数学学报,2013,28(2):377-383.Wang X Y,Guo Y G,Chen L,et al.Study on biomass model of different age Caragana microphylla shrubbery in desert steppe region[J].Journal of Biomathematics,2013,28(2):377--383.
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