2017年成都市高校学生艾滋病健康教育需求及影响因素调查
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摘要
目的了解成都市不同类别高校学生对艾滋病健康教育的需求情况及影响因素。方法采用问卷调查和个人访谈相结合的方法,于2017-04/06通过电子问卷对一类、二类、三类本科和高等职业专科学校知情同意的在校学生进行横断面调查。于2017-07/08开展个人访谈,一方面在选定的学校中利用方便抽样20人,另一方面由社区卫生服务中心的抗病毒治疗随访医生联系5名学生感染者进行。主要收集人口学特征、性行为经历、艾滋病健康教育需求等信息。采用χ~2检验和非条件Logistic回归分析在校大学生艾滋病健康教育需求的影响因素。结果共问卷调查1 276名在校大学生,有艾滋病健康教育需求的比例为72. 2%(921/1 276)。多因素分析结果显示:与汉族学生相比其他民族学生有较高的艾滋病健康教育需求(OR=2. 01,P=0. 004);与性取向为异性恋者相比,同性恋者有较高的需求(OR=3. 23,P=0. 035),不确定者较低(OR=0. 47,P=0. 009)。随着安全套使用知识得分升高,艾滋病健康教育需求增加(OR=1. 10,P <0. 01)。有性行为经历者需求较低(OR=0. 48,P <0. 01)。有HIV危险感知者需求较高(OR=1. 77,P=0. 001)。深入访谈25人,有5名HIV阳性感染者。访谈主要发现,非感染者认为自己不大可能感染艾滋病,感染者都是在感染以后才了解到的艾滋病相关知识。被访谈对象均表示希望了解艾滋病的应对措施、咨询检测、治疗方面的相关知识。结论成都市一本高校学生有艾滋病健康教育需求的比例较高,建议高校提高重视程度,全面开展新生入学防艾教育,重点讲解高危性行为传播风险、艾滋病识别、应对措施等知识,增加少数民族艾滋病健康教育课堂、材料,提高大学生群体的艾滋病危险感知和HIV检测意识。
Objective To understand the needs for AIDS-related health education as well as their associated factors among college students in different kinds of universities in Chengdu. Methods A questionnaire and qualitative survey were both used in this cross-sectional study. An online self-administered questionnaire was carried out among college students with informed consent from the first,second,third class and high vocational colleges from April to June of 2017. The qualitative survey was carried out from July to August of 2017. On the one hand,convenient sampling is used among students from selected colleges. On the other hand,the infected students were contact by the antiviral treatment follow-up doctors from the community health service center for in-depth personal interviews. Information of demographic characters,sexual behaviors and needs of AIDS-related health education were collected. The factors influencing the education need for HIV among college students were analyzed by χ~2 test and non-conditional logistic regression. Results A total of 1 276 students completed the questionnaire,72. 2%( 921/1 276) of them showed the needs for AIDS-related health education. Multivariate analysis results showed that compared with the students of Han nationality,students of other ethnics groups were more likely to have education needs for AIDS-related health education( OR = 2. 01,P = 0. 004). Compared with heterosexual sexual orientation,homosexual sexual orientation groups were more likely to have education needs( OR = 3. 23,P = 0. 035) and the uncertainty on needs of this group were relatively low( OR = 0. 47,P = 0. 009). With the increasing of scores for condom use knowledge,the odds of AIDS-related health education needs was increasing( OR =1. 10,P < 0. 01). Students with sexual experience were less likely to have AIDS-related health education needs( OR = 0. 48,P < 0. 01),however students who were aware of HIV infection risk were more likely to this kind of needs( OR = 1. 77,P = 0. 01). 25 students were interviewed in depth,including 5 HIV-positive students. The in-depth interview indicated that non-infected students considered themselves less likely to be infected by HIV,HIV-positive students did not know about AIDS related conception until they were infected.These interviewees all expressed their wish to know about how response to AIDS,consulting and test,as well as its treatment. Conclusion The students from the first class of university in Chengdu have a relatively high proportion of AIDS-related health education needs. Colleges should increase their emphasis on AIDS-related health education and carry out a comprehensive AIDS-related health education for new students,especially focus on high-risk sexual behaviors,identification and response measures for AIDS. It also should be done that providing the minority group AIDS-related health education classes and related materials. Future effort should be made to increase the awareness of HIV infection and HIV test among college students.
Objective To understand the needs for AIDS-related health education as well as their associated factors among college students in different kinds of universities in Chengdu. Methods A questionnaire and qualitative survey were both used in this cross-sectional study. An online self-administered questionnaire was carried out among college students with informed consent from the first,second,third class and high vocational colleges from April to June of 2017. The qualitative survey was carried out from July to August of 2017. On the one hand,convenient sampling is used among students from selected colleges. On the other hand,the infected students were contact by the antiviral treatment follow-up doctors from the community health service center for in-depth personal interviews. Information of demographic characters,sexual behaviors and needs of AIDS-related health education were collected. The factors influencing the education need for HIV among college students were analyzed by χ~2 test and non-conditional logistic regression. Results A total of 1 276 students completed the questionnaire,72. 2%( 921/1 276) of them showed the needs for AIDS-related health education. Multivariate analysis results showed that compared with the students of Han nationality,students of other ethnics groups were more likely to have education needs for AIDS-related health education( OR = 2. 01,P = 0. 004). Compared with heterosexual sexual orientation,homosexual sexual orientation groups were more likely to have education needs( OR = 3. 23,P = 0. 035) and the uncertainty on needs of this group were relatively low( OR = 0. 47,P = 0. 009). With the increasing of scores for condom use knowledge,the odds of AIDS-related health education needs was increasing( OR =1. 10,P < 0. 01). Students with sexual experience were less likely to have AIDS-related health education needs( OR = 0. 48,P < 0. 01),however students who were aware of HIV infection risk were more likely to this kind of needs( OR = 1. 77,P = 0. 01). 25 students were interviewed in depth,including 5 HIV-positive students. The in-depth interview indicated that non-infected students considered themselves less likely to be infected by HIV,HIV-positive students did not know about AIDS related conception until they were infected.These interviewees all expressed their wish to know about how response to AIDS,consulting and test,as well as its treatment. Conclusion The students from the first class of university in Chengdu have a relatively high proportion of AIDS-related health education needs. Colleges should increase their emphasis on AIDS-related health education and carry out a comprehensive AIDS-related health education for new students,especially focus on high-risk sexual behaviors,identification and response measures for AIDS. It also should be done that providing the minority group AIDS-related health education classes and related materials. Future effort should be made to increase the awareness of HIV infection and HIV test among college students.
引文
[1]戴映雪,范双凤,鹿茸. 2010-2014年成都市青年学生艾滋病监测结果分析[J].现代预防医学,2015,42(22):4172-4174.
[2]彭中,吴学庆,刘芳,等.成都市大中学生2011-2015年艾滋病流行特征分析[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(10):1526-1531.
[3]潘绥铭,姚星亮,黄盈盈.论定性调查的人数问题是“代表性”还是“代表什么”的问题——“最大差异的信息饱和法”及其方法论意义[J].社会科学研究,2010(4):108-115.
[4]刘芳,施雅莹,段振华,等.成都市大学生艾滋病风险识别和应对能力调查[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(4):312-317.
[5]Thana K,Krongtip C,Anucha A. Uptake of HIV testing and counseling,risk perception and linkage to HIV care among Thai university students[J]. BMC Public Health,2016,16:556.
[6]蒋均,潘晓红,杨介者,等.浙江省535名有性行为的大学生HIV检测意愿及影响因素研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2016,37(10):1356-1360.
[7]杨义,叶运莉,杨艳芳,等.四川省医学院校学生双性性相关行为调查[J].医学与社会,2014,27(1):14-17.
[8]李博,彭康为,杨跃峰,等.广州、深圳、珠海三市几所大学生艾滋病知识、态度及行为现况调查[J].现代生物医学进展,2013(13)18:3573-3577.
[9]Caron F, Godin G, Otis J, et al. Evaluation of a theoretically Based AIDS/STD peer education program on postponing sexual intercourse and on condom use among adolescents attending high School[J]. Health Education Research,2004,19(2):185-197.
[10]陈晶琦.学校预防艾滋病教育对大学生知识态度及性行为的影响[J].中国学校卫生,2004,25(5):357-535.
[11]Beatrice,Bean E,Robinson,et al. The Sexual Health Model:application of a sex logical approach to HIV prevention[J]. Health Education Research,2002,17(1):43-57.
[12]Abindun O,Sotunsa J,Ani F,et al. Will an unsupervised self-testing strategy be feasible to operationalize in Canada? Results from a pilot study in students of a large Canadian university[J]. AIDS Res Treat,2014,2014:1-8.
[13]潘晓红,丛黎明,马瞧勤,等.浙江省2785名有性行为大学生艾滋病感染危险感知及安全套使用情况的调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,2006,27(6):499-502.
[14]Liu ZH,Wei PM,Huang MH,et al. Determinants of consistent condom use among college students in China:application of the information-motivation-behavior skills(IMB)model[J]. Plos One,2014,9(9):e108976.
[15]任仙龙,米国栋,赵燕,等.北京市男男性行为人群在检测点检测HIV情况及影响因素分析[J].中华预防医学杂志,2017,51(4):341-346.
[2]彭中,吴学庆,刘芳,等.成都市大中学生2011-2015年艾滋病流行特征分析[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(10):1526-1531.
[3]潘绥铭,姚星亮,黄盈盈.论定性调查的人数问题是“代表性”还是“代表什么”的问题——“最大差异的信息饱和法”及其方法论意义[J].社会科学研究,2010(4):108-115.
[4]刘芳,施雅莹,段振华,等.成都市大学生艾滋病风险识别和应对能力调查[J].预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(4):312-317.
[5]Thana K,Krongtip C,Anucha A. Uptake of HIV testing and counseling,risk perception and linkage to HIV care among Thai university students[J]. BMC Public Health,2016,16:556.
[6]蒋均,潘晓红,杨介者,等.浙江省535名有性行为的大学生HIV检测意愿及影响因素研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2016,37(10):1356-1360.
[7]杨义,叶运莉,杨艳芳,等.四川省医学院校学生双性性相关行为调查[J].医学与社会,2014,27(1):14-17.
[8]李博,彭康为,杨跃峰,等.广州、深圳、珠海三市几所大学生艾滋病知识、态度及行为现况调查[J].现代生物医学进展,2013(13)18:3573-3577.
[9]Caron F, Godin G, Otis J, et al. Evaluation of a theoretically Based AIDS/STD peer education program on postponing sexual intercourse and on condom use among adolescents attending high School[J]. Health Education Research,2004,19(2):185-197.
[10]陈晶琦.学校预防艾滋病教育对大学生知识态度及性行为的影响[J].中国学校卫生,2004,25(5):357-535.
[11]Beatrice,Bean E,Robinson,et al. The Sexual Health Model:application of a sex logical approach to HIV prevention[J]. Health Education Research,2002,17(1):43-57.
[12]Abindun O,Sotunsa J,Ani F,et al. Will an unsupervised self-testing strategy be feasible to operationalize in Canada? Results from a pilot study in students of a large Canadian university[J]. AIDS Res Treat,2014,2014:1-8.
[13]潘晓红,丛黎明,马瞧勤,等.浙江省2785名有性行为大学生艾滋病感染危险感知及安全套使用情况的调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,2006,27(6):499-502.
[14]Liu ZH,Wei PM,Huang MH,et al. Determinants of consistent condom use among college students in China:application of the information-motivation-behavior skills(IMB)model[J]. Plos One,2014,9(9):e108976.
[15]任仙龙,米国栋,赵燕,等.北京市男男性行为人群在检测点检测HIV情况及影响因素分析[J].中华预防医学杂志,2017,51(4):341-346.