基于电磁计算理论的雷达成像仿真研究
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摘要
逆合成孔径雷达在战场监测、导弹突防等方面有着广泛的应用。文中采用电磁计算理论研究雷达成像仿真技术。首先,采用物理光学法得到目标表面电流,计算目标大带宽、多角度范围内散射特性。针对计算量大、耗时长的缺陷,文中采用最佳一致逼近理论拟合出目标在大频带、多角度范围内的散射特性,通过计算验证,在不影响精度的前提下大大提高了计算效率;接着,利用计算得到的散射数据,构建宽带目标回波信号,利用转台理论,进行小角度内的距离-多普勒成像;最后,以锥台为例,计算了从不同角度入射时的目标雷达图像,可以验证该方法的正确性和高效性。
Inverse synthetic aperture radar has wide applications in the fields of the battlefield surveillance, missile penetration. The radar imaging simulation is studied employing electromagnetic calculation theory in this paper. Firstly, the target surface current is obtained using the physical optics method, and the scattering characteristics in a wide bandwidth and multi-angles are calculated. In order to solve the defect of large amount of calculation and long time consuming, the best uniform approximation is adopted to fit the scattering characteristics in a wide bandwidth and multi-angles. The calculation efficiency is greatly improved without affecting the accuracy. Then, the wideband target echo data are constructed by using the calculated scattering data, and then we can obtain the range-doppler imaging in small angle using turntable theory. Lastly, taking the cone platform as an example, the radar image of the target from different angles is calculated, which shows validity and high efficiency of this method.
Inverse synthetic aperture radar has wide applications in the fields of the battlefield surveillance, missile penetration. The radar imaging simulation is studied employing electromagnetic calculation theory in this paper. Firstly, the target surface current is obtained using the physical optics method, and the scattering characteristics in a wide bandwidth and multi-angles are calculated. In order to solve the defect of large amount of calculation and long time consuming, the best uniform approximation is adopted to fit the scattering characteristics in a wide bandwidth and multi-angles. The calculation efficiency is greatly improved without affecting the accuracy. Then, the wideband target echo data are constructed by using the calculated scattering data, and then we can obtain the range-doppler imaging in small angle using turntable theory. Lastly, taking the cone platform as an example, the radar image of the target from different angles is calculated, which shows validity and high efficiency of this method.
引文
[1] 周万幸. ISAR成像系统与技术发展综述[J]. 现代雷达, 2012, 34(9): 1-7.ZHOU Wanxing. Development and prospect of ISAR imaging system and imaging technique[J]. Modern Radar, 2012, 34(9): 1-7.
[2] AUSHERMAN D A, KOZMA A, WALKER J L, et al. Developments in radar imaging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1984, 20(4): 363-400.
[3] 范录宏. 拟合成孔径雷达成像与干扰技术研究[D]. 成都:电子科技大学,2006.FAN Luhong. Research on imaging and jamming of inverse synthetic aperture radar[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006.
[4] 张利军. 雷达成像的电磁仿真研究[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2008.ZHANG Lijun. Research on electromagnetic simulation of radar imaging[D]. Xi′an: Xidian University, 2008.
[5] 武光辉, 童创明, 李西敏, 等. 基于并行PO/EEC的ISAR回波生成与成像仿真[J]. 现代雷达, 2016, 38(10): 18-22.WU Guanghui, TONG Chuangming, LI Ximin, et al. ISAR echo simulation and imaging based on parallel hybrid PO/EEC method[J]. Modern Radar, 2016, 38(10): 18-22.
[6] 姜盼盼. 基于散射模型的空间目标ISAR成像[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2008.JANG Panpan. ISAR imaging of space target based on scattering models[D]. Xi′an: Xidian University, 2008.
[7] XU S K, WEI X Z, LI X, et al. Parameter estimation and performance analysis of coherent polarization attributed scattering center model[J]. Chinese Journal of Electronics, 2013, 22(1): 195-201.
[8] 王晨宇. 弹道导弹目标电磁散射计算[D]. 成都: 电子科技大学, 2009.WANG Chenyu. Calculation of electromagnetic scatter- ing from ballistic missile target[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2009.
[9] HARRINGTON R F. Field computation by moment methods[M]. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc, 1993.
[10] RIUS J M, FEERANDO M, JOFRE L. High-frequency RCS of complex radar targets in real time[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1993, 41(9): 1308-1319.
[11] TAFLOVE A, HAGNESS S C. Computational electro-dynamics: the finite difference time domain method[M]. Boston/London: Artech House, 2000.
[12] CHEN M S, WU X L, HUANG Z X, et al. Chebyshev approximation for fast frequency-sweep analysis of electromagnetic scattering problem[J]. Chinese Journal of Electronics, 2006, 15(4): 736-738.
[13] 吕杰, 莫锦军, 袁乃昌. 基于FEKO的微波成像研究[J] 微波学报, 2010(S1): 598-600.Lü Jie, MO Jinjun, YUAN Naichang. Disquisition micro-wave imaging based on FEKO[J]. Journal of Microwaves, 2010(S1): 598-600.
[2] AUSHERMAN D A, KOZMA A, WALKER J L, et al. Developments in radar imaging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1984, 20(4): 363-400.
[3] 范录宏. 拟合成孔径雷达成像与干扰技术研究[D]. 成都:电子科技大学,2006.FAN Luhong. Research on imaging and jamming of inverse synthetic aperture radar[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006.
[4] 张利军. 雷达成像的电磁仿真研究[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2008.ZHANG Lijun. Research on electromagnetic simulation of radar imaging[D]. Xi′an: Xidian University, 2008.
[5] 武光辉, 童创明, 李西敏, 等. 基于并行PO/EEC的ISAR回波生成与成像仿真[J]. 现代雷达, 2016, 38(10): 18-22.WU Guanghui, TONG Chuangming, LI Ximin, et al. ISAR echo simulation and imaging based on parallel hybrid PO/EEC method[J]. Modern Radar, 2016, 38(10): 18-22.
[6] 姜盼盼. 基于散射模型的空间目标ISAR成像[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2008.JANG Panpan. ISAR imaging of space target based on scattering models[D]. Xi′an: Xidian University, 2008.
[7] XU S K, WEI X Z, LI X, et al. Parameter estimation and performance analysis of coherent polarization attributed scattering center model[J]. Chinese Journal of Electronics, 2013, 22(1): 195-201.
[8] 王晨宇. 弹道导弹目标电磁散射计算[D]. 成都: 电子科技大学, 2009.WANG Chenyu. Calculation of electromagnetic scatter- ing from ballistic missile target[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2009.
[9] HARRINGTON R F. Field computation by moment methods[M]. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc, 1993.
[10] RIUS J M, FEERANDO M, JOFRE L. High-frequency RCS of complex radar targets in real time[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1993, 41(9): 1308-1319.
[11] TAFLOVE A, HAGNESS S C. Computational electro-dynamics: the finite difference time domain method[M]. Boston/London: Artech House, 2000.
[12] CHEN M S, WU X L, HUANG Z X, et al. Chebyshev approximation for fast frequency-sweep analysis of electromagnetic scattering problem[J]. Chinese Journal of Electronics, 2006, 15(4): 736-738.
[13] 吕杰, 莫锦军, 袁乃昌. 基于FEKO的微波成像研究[J] 微波学报, 2010(S1): 598-600.Lü Jie, MO Jinjun, YUAN Naichang. Disquisition micro-wave imaging based on FEKO[J]. Journal of Microwaves, 2010(S1): 598-600.