利用参数独立分解的星载SAR干涉测量检校方法
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摘要
在星载干涉合成孔径雷达中,干涉参数的准确性对高程精度起着至关重要的作用。传统干涉测量检校方法往往将影响量级不同的干涉参数组合在一起解算,无法精确获得每项干涉参数的修正量。针对此问题,本文提出一种利用参数独立分解的干涉测量检校方法。首先,根据三维重建模型,确定与干涉SAR测高有关的参数;随后,在确保几何参数精度的前提下,对干涉参数的敏感度进行定量分析;最后,采用独立检校算法解算每一项干涉参数误差,完成干涉测量检校模型的建立。本文选择陕西渭南区域4对TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X数据进行了试验分析。结果表明,对于该试验数据,采用本文提出的参数独立分解方法,干涉测量检校后干涉结果的高程精度优于2.54 m,平原地区获取DEM的绝对高程精度优于1.21 m,山地地区获取DEM的绝对高程精度优于3.11 m,验证了本文方法的有效性和正确性,为我国平原及山区1∶25 000比例尺的干涉SAR地形图测绘提供了技术基础。
The accuracy of interferometric parameters of InSAR plays a significant role in precise digital elevation model(DEM). However, interferometric parameters are traditionally calculated jointly, making them difficult to decompose precisely. It is proposed that an interferometric calibration method based on independent parameter decomposition(IPD) by the authors.Firstly, the parameters related to the interferometric SAR measurement are determined based on the three-dimensional reconstruction model. Secondly, the sensitivity of interferometric parameters is quantitatively analyzed after the geometric parameters are completely decomposed. Finally, each interferometric parameter is calculated based on IPD and interferometric calibration model is established. Weinan of Shanxi Province is taken as an example area. Four TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X image pairs are used to carry out the interferometric calibration experiment. The results show that the elevation accuracy of all interferometric results are less than 2.54 m for this experimental data after interferometric calibration. Furthermore, the proposed method can obtain the accuracy of DEM products less than 1.21 m in the flat area and 3.11 m in the mountain area respectively.That results can prove the correctiveness and effectiveness of the proposed IPD based interferometric calibration method. The results could provide a technical basis for topographic mapping of 1∶25 000 scale in the flat area and mountain area.
The accuracy of interferometric parameters of InSAR plays a significant role in precise digital elevation model(DEM). However, interferometric parameters are traditionally calculated jointly, making them difficult to decompose precisely. It is proposed that an interferometric calibration method based on independent parameter decomposition(IPD) by the authors.Firstly, the parameters related to the interferometric SAR measurement are determined based on the three-dimensional reconstruction model. Secondly, the sensitivity of interferometric parameters is quantitatively analyzed after the geometric parameters are completely decomposed. Finally, each interferometric parameter is calculated based on IPD and interferometric calibration model is established. Weinan of Shanxi Province is taken as an example area. Four TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X image pairs are used to carry out the interferometric calibration experiment. The results show that the elevation accuracy of all interferometric results are less than 2.54 m for this experimental data after interferometric calibration. Furthermore, the proposed method can obtain the accuracy of DEM products less than 1.21 m in the flat area and 3.11 m in the mountain area respectively.That results can prove the correctiveness and effectiveness of the proposed IPD based interferometric calibration method. The results could provide a technical basis for topographic mapping of 1∶25 000 scale in the flat area and mountain area.
引文
[1] 刘国祥,丁晓利,陈永奇,等.极具潜力的空间对地观测新技术——合成孔径雷达干涉[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(6):734-740.LIU Guoxiang,DING Xiaoli,CHEN Yongqi,et al.New and potential technology for observation of earth from space:synthetic aperture radar interferometry[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2000,15(6):734-740.
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[4] 唐新明,李涛,高小明,等.雷达卫星自动成图的精密干涉测量关键技术[J].测绘学报,2018,47(6):730-740.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20170621.TANG Xinming,LI Tao,GAO Xiaoming,et al.Research on key technologies of precise InSAR surveying and mapping application using automatic SAR imaging[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2018,47(6):730-740.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20170621.
[5] CURLANDER J C,MCDONOUGH R N.Synthetic aperture radar:systems and signal processing[M].New York,NY:John Wiley & Sons,1991.
[6] SHIMADA M,ISOGUCHI O,TADONO T,et al.PALSAR radiometric and geometric calibration[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2009,47(12):3915-3932.
[7] ZHOU Xiao,ZENG Qiming,JIAO Jian,et al.Field calibration and validation of radarsat-2[C]//Proceedings of 2013 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium-IGARSS.Melbourne:IEEE,2014:4451-4454.
[8] CONG Xiaoying,BALSS U,EINEDER M,et al.Imaging geodesy—centimeter-level ranging accuracy with TerraSAR-X:an update[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2012,9(5):948-952.
[9] EINEDER M,MINET C,STEIGENBERGER P,et al.Imaging geodesy—toward centimeter-level ranging accuracy with terrasar-X[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2011,49(2):661-671.
[10] 吕冠南,唐新明,艾波,等.稀少控制的多平台星载SAR联合几何定标方法[J].测绘学报,2018,47(7):986-995.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20170283.Lü Guannan,TANG Xinming,AI Bo,et al.Hybrid geometric calibration method for multi-platform spaceborne SAR image with sparse GCPs[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2018,47(7):986-995.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20170283.
[11] ZINK M,GEUDTNER D.Calibration of the interferometric X-SAR system on SRTM[C]//Proceedings of IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Hamburg:IEEE,1999.
[12] MALLORQUI J J,BARA M,BROQUETAS A.Calibration requirements for airborne SAR interferometry[C]//Proceedings of SPIE 4173,SAR Image Analysis,Modeling,and Techniques III.Barcelona,Spain:SPIE,2000:267-278.
[13] 王彦平.机载干涉SAR定标模型与算法研究[D].北京:中国科学院电子学研究所,2003.WANG Yanping.Studies on calibration model and algorithm for airborne interferoemtric SAR[D].Beijing:Institute of Electrics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2003.
[14] 靳国旺,张薇,向茂生,等.一种机载双天线InSAR系统干涉参数定标新方法[J].测绘学报,2010,39(1):76-81.JIN Guowang,ZHANG Wei,XIANG Maosheng,et al.A new calibration algorithm of interferometric parameters for dual-antenna airborne InSAR systems[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2010,39(1):76-81.
[15] 张薇,向茂生,吴一戎.利用控制点三维信息标定机载双天线干涉SAR参数[J].测绘学报,2010,39(4):370-377.ZHANG Wei,XIANG Maosheng,WU Yirong.Using control points’ 3D information to calibrate the interferometric parameters of dual-antenna airborne inSAR systems[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2010,39(4):370-377.
[16] 胡继伟,洪峻.基于三维重建的分布式卫星SAR干涉测高模型及误差分析[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2011,28(4):489-497.HU Jiwei,HONG Jun.Systematic model and errors analysis for distributed satellites SAR system based on three-dimensional reconstruction model[J].Journal of Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2011,28(4):489-497.
[17] 陈刚,汤晓涛,钱方明.星载InSAR立体基线定标方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2014,39(1):37-41.CHEN Gang,TANG Xiaotao,QIAN Fangming.A three-dimensional baseline calibration method of spaceborne InSAR[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2014,39(1):37-41.
[18] 吴丹芹.机载/星载InSAR定标模型与方法[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.WU Danqin.Modeling and methodology for airborne and spaceborne InSAR calibration[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2017.
[19] 花奋奋.多基线干涉SAR高程反演研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.HUA Fenfen.Elevation inversion through multi-baseline InSAR[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.
[20] 丁赤飚,刘佳音,雷斌,等.高分三号SAR卫星系统级几何定位精度初探[J].雷达学报,2017,6(1):11-16.DING Chibiao,LIU Jiayin,LEI Bin,et al.Preliminary exploration of systematic geolocation accuracy of GF-3 SAR satellite system[J].Journal of Radars,2017,6(1):11-16.
[21] 陈继伟,曾琪明,焦健,等.利用轨道参数修正的无控制点星载SAR图像几何校正方法[J].测绘学报,2016,45(12):1434-1440.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20160182.CHEN Jiwei,ZENG Qiming,JIAO Jian,et al.Spaceborne SAR image geometric rectification method without ground control points using orbit parameters modulation[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2016,45(12):1434-1440.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20160182.
[22] 王青松,黄海风,董臻.星载干涉合成孔径雷达——高效高精度处理技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.WANG Qingsong,HUANG Haifeng,DONG Zhen.High-effciency and high-precision processing techniques of spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.
[23] 张永俊.星载分布式InSAR系统的误差分析与DEM精度提高方法研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2011.ZHANG Yongjun.Study on error analysis and DEM precision improvement methods of spaceborne distributed InSAR[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology,2011.
[24] ROSSI C,GONZALEZ F R,FRITZ T,et al.TanDEM-X calibrated raw DEM generation[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2012(73):12-20.
[25] KRIEGER G,MOREIRA A,FIEDLER H,et al.TanDEM-X:a satellite formation for high-resolution SAR interferometry[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2007,45(11):3317-3341.
[26] 汪韬阳,张过,李德仁,等.资源三号测绘卫星影像平面和立体区域网平差比较[J].测绘学报,2014,43(4):389-395,403.DOI:10.13485/j.cnki.11-2089.2014.0058.WANG Taoyang,ZHANG Guo,LI Deren,et al.Comparison between plane and stereo block adjustment for ZY-3 satellite images[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2014,43(4):389-395,403.DOI:10.13485/j.cnki.11-2089.2014.0058.
[27] GRUBER A,WESSEL B,HUBER M,et al.Operational TanDEM-X DEM calibration and first validation results[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2012(73):39-49.
[28] GAO Xiaoming,LIU Yaolin,LI Tao.High precision DEM generation algorithm based on inSAR multi-look iteration[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(7):741.
[2] 刘国祥,丁晓利,李志林,等.使用InSAR建立DEM的试验研究[J].测绘学报,2001,30(4):336-342.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2001.04.012.LIU Guoxiang,DING Xiaoli,LI Zhilin,et al.Experimental investigation on DEM generation through InSAR[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2001,30(4):336-342.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1595.2001.04.012.
[3] GONZáLEZ J H,BACHMANN M,KRIEGER G,et al.Development of the TanDEM-X calibration concept:analysis of systematic errors[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2010,48(2):716-726.
[4] 唐新明,李涛,高小明,等.雷达卫星自动成图的精密干涉测量关键技术[J].测绘学报,2018,47(6):730-740.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20170621.TANG Xinming,LI Tao,GAO Xiaoming,et al.Research on key technologies of precise InSAR surveying and mapping application using automatic SAR imaging[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2018,47(6):730-740.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20170621.
[5] CURLANDER J C,MCDONOUGH R N.Synthetic aperture radar:systems and signal processing[M].New York,NY:John Wiley & Sons,1991.
[6] SHIMADA M,ISOGUCHI O,TADONO T,et al.PALSAR radiometric and geometric calibration[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2009,47(12):3915-3932.
[7] ZHOU Xiao,ZENG Qiming,JIAO Jian,et al.Field calibration and validation of radarsat-2[C]//Proceedings of 2013 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium-IGARSS.Melbourne:IEEE,2014:4451-4454.
[8] CONG Xiaoying,BALSS U,EINEDER M,et al.Imaging geodesy—centimeter-level ranging accuracy with TerraSAR-X:an update[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2012,9(5):948-952.
[9] EINEDER M,MINET C,STEIGENBERGER P,et al.Imaging geodesy—toward centimeter-level ranging accuracy with terrasar-X[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2011,49(2):661-671.
[10] 吕冠南,唐新明,艾波,等.稀少控制的多平台星载SAR联合几何定标方法[J].测绘学报,2018,47(7):986-995.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20170283.Lü Guannan,TANG Xinming,AI Bo,et al.Hybrid geometric calibration method for multi-platform spaceborne SAR image with sparse GCPs[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2018,47(7):986-995.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2018.20170283.
[11] ZINK M,GEUDTNER D.Calibration of the interferometric X-SAR system on SRTM[C]//Proceedings of IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Hamburg:IEEE,1999.
[12] MALLORQUI J J,BARA M,BROQUETAS A.Calibration requirements for airborne SAR interferometry[C]//Proceedings of SPIE 4173,SAR Image Analysis,Modeling,and Techniques III.Barcelona,Spain:SPIE,2000:267-278.
[13] 王彦平.机载干涉SAR定标模型与算法研究[D].北京:中国科学院电子学研究所,2003.WANG Yanping.Studies on calibration model and algorithm for airborne interferoemtric SAR[D].Beijing:Institute of Electrics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2003.
[14] 靳国旺,张薇,向茂生,等.一种机载双天线InSAR系统干涉参数定标新方法[J].测绘学报,2010,39(1):76-81.JIN Guowang,ZHANG Wei,XIANG Maosheng,et al.A new calibration algorithm of interferometric parameters for dual-antenna airborne InSAR systems[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2010,39(1):76-81.
[15] 张薇,向茂生,吴一戎.利用控制点三维信息标定机载双天线干涉SAR参数[J].测绘学报,2010,39(4):370-377.ZHANG Wei,XIANG Maosheng,WU Yirong.Using control points’ 3D information to calibrate the interferometric parameters of dual-antenna airborne inSAR systems[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2010,39(4):370-377.
[16] 胡继伟,洪峻.基于三维重建的分布式卫星SAR干涉测高模型及误差分析[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2011,28(4):489-497.HU Jiwei,HONG Jun.Systematic model and errors analysis for distributed satellites SAR system based on three-dimensional reconstruction model[J].Journal of Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2011,28(4):489-497.
[17] 陈刚,汤晓涛,钱方明.星载InSAR立体基线定标方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2014,39(1):37-41.CHEN Gang,TANG Xiaotao,QIAN Fangming.A three-dimensional baseline calibration method of spaceborne InSAR[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2014,39(1):37-41.
[18] 吴丹芹.机载/星载InSAR定标模型与方法[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.WU Danqin.Modeling and methodology for airborne and spaceborne InSAR calibration[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2017.
[19] 花奋奋.多基线干涉SAR高程反演研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.HUA Fenfen.Elevation inversion through multi-baseline InSAR[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.
[20] 丁赤飚,刘佳音,雷斌,等.高分三号SAR卫星系统级几何定位精度初探[J].雷达学报,2017,6(1):11-16.DING Chibiao,LIU Jiayin,LEI Bin,et al.Preliminary exploration of systematic geolocation accuracy of GF-3 SAR satellite system[J].Journal of Radars,2017,6(1):11-16.
[21] 陈继伟,曾琪明,焦健,等.利用轨道参数修正的无控制点星载SAR图像几何校正方法[J].测绘学报,2016,45(12):1434-1440.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20160182.CHEN Jiwei,ZENG Qiming,JIAO Jian,et al.Spaceborne SAR image geometric rectification method without ground control points using orbit parameters modulation[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2016,45(12):1434-1440.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2016.20160182.
[22] 王青松,黄海风,董臻.星载干涉合成孔径雷达——高效高精度处理技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.WANG Qingsong,HUANG Haifeng,DONG Zhen.High-effciency and high-precision processing techniques of spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.
[23] 张永俊.星载分布式InSAR系统的误差分析与DEM精度提高方法研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2011.ZHANG Yongjun.Study on error analysis and DEM precision improvement methods of spaceborne distributed InSAR[D].Changsha:National University of Defense Technology,2011.
[24] ROSSI C,GONZALEZ F R,FRITZ T,et al.TanDEM-X calibrated raw DEM generation[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2012(73):12-20.
[25] KRIEGER G,MOREIRA A,FIEDLER H,et al.TanDEM-X:a satellite formation for high-resolution SAR interferometry[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2007,45(11):3317-3341.
[26] 汪韬阳,张过,李德仁,等.资源三号测绘卫星影像平面和立体区域网平差比较[J].测绘学报,2014,43(4):389-395,403.DOI:10.13485/j.cnki.11-2089.2014.0058.WANG Taoyang,ZHANG Guo,LI Deren,et al.Comparison between plane and stereo block adjustment for ZY-3 satellite images[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2014,43(4):389-395,403.DOI:10.13485/j.cnki.11-2089.2014.0058.
[27] GRUBER A,WESSEL B,HUBER M,et al.Operational TanDEM-X DEM calibration and first validation results[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2012(73):39-49.
[28] GAO Xiaoming,LIU Yaolin,LI Tao.High precision DEM generation algorithm based on inSAR multi-look iteration[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(7):741.